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ASTM D5949-14

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The pour point of a petroleum product is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Flow characteristics, like pour point, can be critical for the correct operation of lubricating oil systems, fuel systems, and pipeline operations.  
5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the pour point.  
5.3 In most cases, this test method does not require the use of mechanical refrigeration apparatus (see 7.1).  
5.4 This test method yields a pour point in a format similar to Test Method D97/IP 15 when the 3 °C interval results are reported.Note 2—Since some users may wish to report their results in a format similar to Test Method D97 (in 3 °C intervals) the precisions were derived from the temperatures rounded to the 3° intervals. For statements on bias relative to Test Method D97, see 13.3.  
5.5 Test results from this test method can be determined at either 1 °C or 3 °C intervals.  
5.6 This test method has better repeatability and reproducibility relative to Test Method D97/IP 15 as measured in the 1992 and 1998 interlaboratory test programs.4
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pour point of petroleum products by an automatic instrument that applies a controlled burst of nitrogen gas onto the specimen surface while the specimen is being cooled and detects movement of the surface of the test specimen with an optical device.  
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of temperatures from −57 °C to +51 °C. However, the range of temperatures included in the 1992 interlaboratory test program only covered the temperature range from −39 °C to +6 °C and the range of temperatures included in the 1998 interlaboratory test program was from −51 °C to −11 °C. (see 13.4).  
1.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at 1 °C or 3 °C testing intervals.  
1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.Note 1—The applicability of this test method or residual fuel samples has not been verified. For further information on applicability, refer to 13.4.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2014
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.07 - Flow Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5949 − 14
StandardTest Method for
Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure
1
Pulsing Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5949; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method covers an alternative procedure for the determination of pour point of petroleum
products using an automatic apparatus.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pour point 2.1 ASTM Standards:
of petroleum products by an automatic instrument that applies D97Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
a controlled burst of nitrogen gas onto the specimen surface D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
while the specimen is being cooled and detects movement of Petroleum Products
the surface of the test specimen with an optical device. D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of
2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
temperatures from−57°C to+51°C. However, the range of
3
IP15Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
temperatures included in the 1992 interlaboratory test program
only covered the temperature range from −39°C to+6°C and
3. Terminology
the range of temperatures included in the 1998 interlaboratory
3.1 Definitions:
test program was from −51°C to −11°C. (see 13.4).
3.1.1 pour point, n—in petroleum products, the lowest
1.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at
temperature at which movement of the test specimen is
1°C or 3°C testing intervals.
observed under the prescribed conditions of the test.
1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 no-flow point, n—in petroleum products, the tempera-
NOTE 1—The applicability of this test method or residual fuel samples
has not been verified. For further information on applicability, refer to
ture of the test specimen at which a wax crystal structure or
13.4.
viscosity increase, or both, impedes movement of the surface
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
of the test specimen under the conditions of the test.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 3.2.1.1 Discussion—The no-flow point occurs when, upon
standard.
cooling, the formation of wax crystal structures or viscosity
increase,orboth,hasprogressedtothepointwheretheapplied
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
observation device no longer detects movement under the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
conditions of the test. The preceding observation temperature,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
at which flow of the test specimen is last observed, is the pour
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
point.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5949–10. DOI: Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
10.1520/D5949-14. U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5949 − 14
3.2.2 pulse, n—a controlled burst of nitrogen gas of a fixed 6. Apparatus
pressure and flow rate sufficient to cause movement on the 5
6.1 Automatic Apparatus —The automatic pour point appa-
surface of the test specimen without fracturing the wax
ratusdescribedinthistestmethodconsistsofamicroprocessor
structure which may be formed in the specimen.
controlled test chamber that is capable of heating and cooling
3.2.3 Peltier device, n—a solid-state thermoelectric device the test specimen, providing a controlled pulse of nitrogen gas
constructed with dissimilar semiconductor materials, config- onto the specimen surface, optically detecting the specimen
surface movement, and recording the temperature of t
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5949 − 10 D5949 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure
1
Pulsing Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5949; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method covers an alternative procedure for the determination of pour point of petroleum
products using an automatic apparatus.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pour point of petroleum products by an automatic instrument that applies a
controlled burst of nitrogen gas onto the specimen surface while the specimen is being cooled and detects movement of the surface
of the test specimen with an optical device.
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of temperatures from −57 to +51°C.from −57 °C to +51 °C. However, the
range of temperatures included in the 1992 interlaboratory test program only covered the temperature range from −39
to +6°C −39 °C to +6 °C and the range of temperatures included in the 1998 interlaboratory test program was from −51−51 °C to
−11°C.−11 °C. (see 13.4).
1.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at 11 °C or 3°C3 °C testing intervals.
1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.
NOTE 1—The applicability of this test method or residual fuel samples has not been verified. For further information on applicability, refer to 13.4.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
3
IP 15 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 pour point, n—in petroleum products, the lowest temperature at which movement of the test specimen is observed under
the prescribed conditions of the test.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved May 15, 2010May 1, 2014. Published August 2010June 2014. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20082010 as
D5949D5949 – 10.–08. DOI: 10.1520/D5949-10.10.1520/D5949-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5949 − 14
3.2.1 no-flow point, n—in petroleum products, the temperature of the test specimen at which a wax crystal structure or viscosity
increase, or both, impedes movement of the surface of the test specimen under the conditions of the test.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
The no-flow point occurs when, upon cooling, the formation of wax crystal structures or viscosity increase, or both, has progressed
to the point where the applied observation device no longer detects movement under the conditions of the test. The preceding
observation temperature, at which flow of the test specimen is last observed, is the pour point.
3.2.2 pulse, n—a controlled burst of nitrogen gas of a fixed pressure and flow rate sufficient to cause movement on the surface
of the test specimen without fracturing the wax structure which may be formed in the specimen.
3.2.3 Peltier device, n—a solid-state thermoelectric device cons
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of solvent extractables in petroleum waxes.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4952-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2887-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.  
5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
Note 1: Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8 °F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another.  
1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.  
1.1.2 Procedure B (Sections 15 – 23)—Is restricted to only 3 capillary columns and requires no sample dilution. In addition, Procedure B is used not only for the sample types described in Procedure A but also for the analysis of samples containing biodiesel mixtures B5, B10, and B20. The analysis time, when using Procedure B (Accelerated D2887), is reduced to about 8 min.  
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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