ASTM D4266-96(2001)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Precoat Capacity of Powdered Ion-Exchange Resins
Standard Test Methods for Precoat Capacity of Powdered Ion-Exchange Resins
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The salt removal capacity of a powdered resin precoat is limited by the capacity of either the anion-exchange resin or the cation-exchange resin contained in it. Applications include condensate polishing in fossil-fueled electric generating plants, as well as condensate polishing, spent fuel pool water treatment, reactor water treatment, and low-level radioactive liquid waste treatment in nuclear-powered electric generating plants.
By determining the ion-exchange capacity profile of either a cation exchange resin or an anion-exchange resin (capacity expended per unit of time under specific conditions), it is possible to estimate runlength and remaining capacity when treating a liquid of the same makeup. Although they cannot accurately predict performance during condenser leaks, these test methods are useful for determining operating capacities as measured under the test conditions used.
These test methods may be used to monitor the performance of either powdered anion-exchange resin or powdered cation-exchange resin. The total capacity of either resin depends primarily upon the number density of ion-exchange sites within the resin. The operating capacity is a function of the total capacity, degree of conversion to the desired ionic form when received, and properties of the resin and the system that affect ion exchange kinetics.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the operating ion-exchange capacity of both powdered cation-exchange resins (hydrogen form) and powdered anion-exchange resins (hydroxide form). These test methods are intended for use in testing new powdered ion-exchange resins when used for the treatment of water. The following two test methods are included: SectionsTest Method A-Operating Capacity, Anion-Exchange Resin, Hydroxide Form7-15 Test Method B-Operating Capacity, Cation-Exchange Resin, Hydrogen Form16-24
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D 4266–96 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Methods for
Precoat Capacity of Powdered Ion-Exchange Resins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4266; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
operating ion-exchange capacity of both powdered cation- 3.1.1 powdered ion-exchange material,, n—an ion-
exchange resins (hydrogen form) and powdered anion- exchange resin that has undergone post-manufacturing size
exchange resins (hydroxide form). These test methods are reduction to less than 300 µm.
intended for use in testing new powdered ion-exchange resins 3.1.2 resindosage,n—theweightofmixedresinappliedper
when used for the treatment of water. The following two test unit area of precoatable filter surface. This is expressed as dry
methods are included: pounds per square foot.
3.1.3 resin floc, n—thatvoluminousaggregateformedwhen
powdered anion-exchange resin and powdered cation-
Sections
Test Method A—Operating Capacity, Anion-Exchange 7-15
exchange resin are slurried together in an aqueous suspension.
Resin, Hydroxide Form
3.1.4 resin ratio, n—the ratio of the weights of powdered
Test Method B—Operating Capacity, Cation-Exchange 16-24
Resin, Hydrogen Form cation-exchange resin to powdered anion-exchange resin used
to prepare a resin slurry. If not otherwise indicated, it is
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
understood to be the ratio of the dry resin weights.
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
3.2 Definitions—Fordefinitionsofothertermsusedinthese
information only.
test methods, refer to Terminology D1129.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Thesaltremovalcapacityofapowderedresinprecoatis
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
limited by the capacity of either the anion-exchange resin or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the cation-exchange resin contained in it.Applications include
condensatepolishinginfossil-fueledelectricgeneratingplants,
2. Referenced Documents
as well as condensate polishing, spent fuel pool water treat-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ment, reactor water treatment, and low-level radioactive liquid
D 1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Re-
waste treatment in nuclear-powered electric generating plants.
sistivity of Water
4.2 By determining the ion-exchange capacity profile of
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
either a cation exchange resin or an anion-exchange resin
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
(capacity expended per unit of time under specific conditions),
D 2687 Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange
it is possible to estimate runlength and remaining capacity
Materials
when treating a liquid of the same makeup. Although they
D 4456 Test Methods for Physical and Chemical Properties
cannot accurately predict performance during condenser leaks,
of Powdered Ion-Exchange Resins
thesetestmethodsareusefulfordeterminingoperatingcapaci-
E200 PracticeforPreparation,Standardization,andStorage
ties as measured under the test conditions used.
of Standard and Reagent Solutions for ChemicalAnalysis
4.3 These test methods may be used to monitor the perfor-
mance of either powdered anion-exchange resin or powdered
cation-exchange resin. The total capacity of either resin de-
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and
pendsprimarilyuponthenumberdensityofion-exchangesites
Ion-Exchange Materials.
Current edition approved July 10, 1996. Published November 1996. Originally
published as D4266–83. Last previous edition D4266–83 (1990)e .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4266–96 (2001)
within the resin. The operating capacity is a function of the 9.1.3 Disk Filter Holder, 142-mm diameter with sufficient
total capacity, degree of conversion to the desired ionic form clearance above the filter disk to allow for uniform application
when received, and properties of the resin and the system that
of resin precoat.
affect ion exchange kinetics.
9.1.4 Filter-Disk, 142-mm diameter, with nominal retention
rating of 25 to 30 µm and absolute retention rating of 40 to
5. Purity of Reagents
60µm.
5.1 Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests.
9.1.5 Flow Metre, 0 to 1.89 L/min (0 to 30 gal/h) with
Unlessotherwiseindicated,itisintendedthatallreagentsshall
regulating valve.
conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical
9.1.6 Beaker, stainless steel, 4 L to volume with bulkhead
Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where such
fittings installed at tubing penetrations.
specifications are available.
5.2 Purity of Water—Unlessotherwiseindicated,references 9.1.7 Chemical Pump, with pumping rate between
− 6 − 5
to water shall be understood to mean Type II reagent water, 8.33 310 and 8.33 310 L/s (30 to 300 mL/h) at
Specification D1193. 3.45 310 Pa (500 psig) pressure. Suction tubing should be
3.2-mm ( ⁄8-in.) outside diameter stainless steel and discharge
6. Sampling
tubing should be 1.6-mm ( ⁄16-in.) outside diameter stainless
6.1 Obtain a representative sample of the powdered ion-
steel.
exchange resin in accordance with Practices D2687 but
9.2 Electrical Conductivity Measurement Apparatus, con-
substituting a 12.5-mm ( ⁄2-in.) inside diameter tube.
forming to the requirements given in Test Methods D1125,
Method B.
TEST METHOD A—OPERATING CAPACITY,
ANIONEXCHANGE RESIN, HYDROXIDE FORM
10. Reagents
7. Scope
10.1 Hydrochloric Acid Solution, Standard (0.10 N)—
7.1 This test method covers the determination of ion-
Prepare and standardize as described in Practice E200.
exchange capacity, on a dry weight basis, of new powdered
10.2 Polyacrylic Acid Solution, Standard (1 + 99)—Pipet 1
anion-exchange resins in the hydroxide form.
mLof polyacrylic acid (25 weight% solids, MW< 50 000)
7.2 The ion-exchange capacity obtainable in commercial
into a 100 mL volumetric flask and dilute to 100 mL with
installations depends not only upon the initial state of the
water. Mix well. Prepare this solution fresh daily.
powdered resin, but also on how the resin floc is prepared and
applied, on the condition of the equipment on which it is to be
11. Sample Preparation
used, and the pH and general chemistry of the water system
11.1 Selection of Proper Sample Weight—Use a resin dos-
being treated. Thus, this test method has comparative rather
2 2
age of 1 kg/m (0.2 lb/ft ) and a resin ratio of 2:1.
than predictive value and provides an upper limit on exchange
capacity that may be expected.
11.1.1 If the purpose of the capacity test is to eliminate the
resin as a consideration in a situation involving a performance
8. Summary of Test Method
problem in a commercial plant, then the capacity test may be
8.1 The powdered anion-exchange resin to be tested is
performed using the same wet resin ratio and the same resin
slurried with an appropriate amount of powdered cation-
dosage as is used in the commercial equipment.
exchange resin in the hydrogen form, and the resulting floc is
2 2
11.1.2 Using a resin dosage of 1 kg/m (0.2 lb/ft ), the
precoatedontoafilterdisk.Thenadilutestandardizedsolution
correct dry weight of resin to be used on a 142-mm diameter
of a strong acid is fed to the precoat while monitoring the
filteris15.5g.Ataresinratioof2:1,thedryweightstouseare
effluent stream conductometrically.
10.3 g of cation and 5.2 g of anion exchange resins.The solids
contents should be determined by Method B of Test Methods
9. Apparatus
D4456.
9.1 Test apparatus, as shown in Fig. 1, with the following
11.1.3 From the known solids content of the resins, and the
components:
dry weight of resin desired for the test, calculate the weight of
9.1.1 Water Pump—adjustable between 0 to 7.57 L/min (0
5 6 wet resin to be taken for analysis as follows:
to 2 gal/min) at 2.76 310 Pa (40 psig) pressure.
9.1.2 Pressure Gages (2), 0 to 4.137 310 Pa (0 to 60 W 5 B/S! 3100
~
psig) with appropriate snubbers.
5 7
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American Millipore filter holder YY22 14230 with acrylic cylinder XX42 14201 and
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not accessories, or an equivalent, has been found satisfactory for this use.
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory BG or DG filters, available from Pall Corporation, 30 Sea Cove, NY, 11542, or
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia equivalent, have been found satisfactory for this use.
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, Milton Roy pump 1960066002, or an equivalent, has been found satisfactory
MD. for this use.
6 10
MilliporepumpZPN100400,orequivalent,hasbeenfoundsatisfactoryforthis Accumer 1510 obtainable from Rohm and Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pa., or an
use. equivalent, is suitable.
D 4266–96 (2001)
(A) Pump, adjustable between 0 to 2 gal/min at 40 psig (0.27 MPa) pres
...
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