ASTM D6873/D6873M-17
(Practice)Standard Practice for Bearing Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Standard Practice for Bearing Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides supplemental instructions for using Test Method D5961/D5961M to obtain bearing fatigue data for material specifications, research and development, material design allowables, and quality assurance. The primary property that results is the fatigue life of the test specimen under a specific loading and environmental condition. Replicate tests may be used to obtain a distribution of fatigue life for specific material types, laminate stacking sequences, environments, and loading conditions. Guidance in statistical analysis of fatigue data, such as determination of linearized stress life (S-N) curves, can be found in Practice E739.
5.2 This practice can be utilized in the study of fatigue damage in a polymer matrix composite bearing specimen. The loss in strength associated with fatigue damage may be determined by discontinuing cyclic loading to obtain the static strength using Test Method D5961/D5961M.
Note 2: This practice may be used as a guide to conduct spectrum loading. This information can be useful in the understanding of fatigue behavior of composite structures under spectrum loading conditions, but is not covered in this standard.
5.3 Factors that influence bearing fatigue response and shall therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up, laminate stacking sequence and overall thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation (especially of the hole), fastener-hole clearance, fastener type, fastener geometry, fastener installation method, fastener torque (if appropriate), countersink depth (if appropriate), specimen conditioning, environment of testing, time at temperature, type of mating material, number of fasteners, type of support fixture, specimen alignment and gripping, test frequency, force (stress) ratio, bearing stress magnitude, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. Properties that result include the following:
5.3.1 Hole elongation versus fati...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying static bearing test methods to determine the fatigue behavior of composite materials subjected to cyclic bearing forces. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites in which the laminate is both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.
1.2 This practice supplements Test Method D5961/D5961M with provisions for testing specimens under cyclic loading. Several important test specimen parameters (for example, fastener selection, fastener installation method, and fatigue force/stress ratio) are not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.
1.3 This practice is limited to test specimens subjected to constant amplitude uniaxial loading, where the machine is controlled so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive constant amplitude force (stress) cycles. Either engineering stress or applied force may be used as a constant amplitude fatigue variable. The repetitive loadings may be tensile, compressive, or reversed, depending upon the test specimen and procedure utilized.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This inte...
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Designation: D6873/D6873M − 17
Standard Practice for
Bearing Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite
1
Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6873/D6873M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying static
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
bearing test methods to determine the fatigue behavior of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
composite materials subjected to cyclic bearing forces. The
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber rein-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
forced polymer matrix composites in which the laminate is
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are
described in 8.2.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 ThispracticesupplementsTestMethodD5961/D5961M 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
with provisions for testing specimens under cyclic loading.
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
Several important test specimen parameters (for example,
D3878Terminology for Composite Materials
fastener selection, fastener installation method, and fatigue
D5229/D5229MTestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
force/stress ratio) are not mandated by this practice; however,
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
repeatableresultsrequirethattheseparametersbespecifiedand
Composite Materials
reported.
D5961/D5961MTestMethodforBearingResponseofPoly-
1.3 This practice is limited to test specimens subjected to mer Matrix Composite Laminates
constant amplitude uniaxial loading, where the machine is E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
controlled so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
constant amplitude force (stress) cycles. Either engineering E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
stress or applied force may be used as a constant amplitude
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
fatigue variable. The repetitive loadings may be tensile, Lot or Process
compressive, or reversed, depending upon the test specimen
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
and procedure utilized. ASTM Test Methods
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E467Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dy-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
namic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
E739PracticeforStatisticalAnalysisofLinearorLinearized
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
Stress-Life (S-N) and Strain-Life (ε-N) Fatigue Data
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
E1823TerminologyRelatingtoFatigueandFractureTesting
standard.
1.4.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in
3. Terminology
brackets.
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D883definestermsrelatingtoplastics.TerminologyE6defines
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
terms relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E1823
defines terms relating to fatigue. Terminology E456 and
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D30 on Composite
MaterialsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD30.05onStructuralTest
2
Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published April 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D6873/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D6873M–08(2014). DOI: 10.1520/D6873_D6873M-17. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6873/D6873M − 17
Practice E177 define terms relating to statistics. In the event of
d = fas
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6873/D6873M − 08 (Reapproved 2014) D6873/D6873M − 17
Standard Practice for
Bearing Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite
1
Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6873/D6873M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying static bearing test methods to determine the fatigue behavior of composite
materials subjected to cyclic bearing forces. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer
matrix composites in which the laminate is both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable
test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.
1.2 This practice supplements Test Method D5961/D5961M with provisions for testing specimens under cyclic loading. Several
important test specimen parameters (for example, fastener selection, fastener installation method, and fatigue force/stress ratio) are
not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.
1.3 This practice is limited to test specimens subjected to constant amplitude uniaxial loading, where the machine is controlled
so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive constant amplitude force (stress) cycles. Either engineering stress or applied force
may be used as a constant amplitude fatigue variable. The repetitive loadings may be tensile, compressive, or reversed, depending
upon the test specimen and procedure utilized.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
D5961/D5961M Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on Structural Test
Methods.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2014April 1, 2017. Published September 2014April 2017. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20082014 as
D6873/D6873M – 08.D6873/D6873M – 08(2014). DOI: 10.1520/D6873_D6873M-08R14.10.1520/D6873_D6873M-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6873/D6873M − 17
E467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dynamic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
E739 Practice for Statistical Analysis
...
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