ASTM D559/D559M-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Wetting and Drying Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures
Standard Test Methods for Wetting and Drying Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used to determine the resistance of compacted soil-cement specimens to repeated wetting and drying. These test methods were developed to be used in conjunction with Test Methods D560/D560M and criteria given in the Soil-Cement Laboratory Handbook4 to determine the minimum amount of cement required in soil-cement to achieve a degree of hardness adequate to resist field weathering.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the soil-cement losses, water content changes, and volume changes (swell and shrinkage) produced by repeated wetting and drying of hardened soil-cement specimens. The specimens are compacted in a mold, before cement hydration, to maximum density at optimum water content using the compaction procedure described in Test Methods D558.
1.2 Two test methods, depending on soil gradation, are covered for preparation of material for molding specimens and for molding specimens as follows:
Sections
Test Method A, using soil material passing a 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.
This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample passes the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.
7
Test Method B, using soil material passing a 19.0 mm [0.75-in.] sieve.
This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is retained on the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.
This test method may be used only on materials with 30 % or less retained on the 19.0-mm [0.75-in.] sieve.
8
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.
1.4.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two sepa...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D559/D559M − 15
Standard Test Methods for
1
Wetting and Drying Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D559/D559M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded sepa-
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining
rately as standard. The values stated in each system shall be
the soil-cement losses, water content changes, and volume
used independently of the other. Combining values from the
changes (swell and shrinkage) produced by repeated wetting
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
and drying of hardened soil-cement specimens. The specimens
Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specifi-
are compacted in a mold, before cement hydration, to maxi-
cation E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is
mum density at optimum water content using the compaction
forinformationonlyanddoesnotrepresentadifferentstandard
procedure described in Test Methods D558.
sieve size.
1.2 Two test methods, depending on soil gradation, are
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used
covered for preparation of material for molding specimens and
when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound
for molding specimens as follows:
(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass
is slugs.The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic
Sections
Test Method A, using soil material passing a 4.75-mm [No. 4]
(F = ma) calculations are involved.
sieve.
1.4.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction
This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample 7
profession to use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm)
passes the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.
Test Method B, using soil material passing a 19.0 mm [0.75-in.]
and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate
sieve.
systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravita-
This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is
retained on the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve. tionalsystem.Itisscientificallyundesirabletocombinetheuse
This test method may be used only on materials with 30 % or 8
of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single
less retained on the 19.0-mm [0.75-in.] sieve.
standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording
3
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft shall not
1.3.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/ be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
2. Referenced Documents
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of these test methods to consider significant digits used in
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
analysis methods for engineering data.
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
D558 Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight)
Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee D18
on Soil and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on
Stabilization With Admixtures
2
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1939. Last
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D559/D559M − 15
Standard Test Methods for
1
Wetting and Drying Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D559/D559M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded sepa-
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining
rately as standard. The values stated in each system shall be
the soil-cement losses, water content changes, and volume
used independently of the other. Combining values from the
changes (swell and shrinkage) produced by repeated wetting
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
and drying of hardened soil-cement specimens. The specimens
Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specifi-
are compacted in a mold, before cement hydration, to maxi-
cation E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is
mum density at optimum water content using the compaction
for information only and does not represent a different standard
procedure described in Test Methods D558.
sieve size.
1.2 Two test methods, depending on soil gradation, are
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used
covered for preparation of material for molding specimens and
when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound
for molding specimens as follows:
(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass
is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic
Sections
Test Method A, using soil material passing a 4.75-mm [No. 4]
(F = ma) calculations are involved.
sieve.
1.4.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction
This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample 7
passes the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve. profession to use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm)
Test Method B, using soil material passing a 19.0 mm [0.75-in.]
and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate
sieve.
systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravita-
This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is
retained on the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve. tional system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use
This test method may be used only on materials with 30 % or 8
of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single
less retained on the 19.0-mm [0.75-in.] sieve.
standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording
3
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft shall not
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/
be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
2. Referenced Documents
commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of these test methods to consider significant digits used in
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
analysis methods for engineering data.
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
D558 Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight)
Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee D18
on Soil and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on
Stabilization With Admixtures
2
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D559–03, which was contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For A
...
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