ASTM D558/D558M-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight) Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
Standard Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight) Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These tests determine the optimum water content and maximum density (unit weight) to be used for molding soil-cement specimens in accordance with Test Methods D559/D559M and D560/D560M.
Note 1: Since these tests are used in conjunction with Test Methods D559/D559M and D560/D560M and the criteria referenced therein, the test differs in several aspects from Test Method D698. There are three main differences between this standard and Test Method D698. Firstly, this standard allows a maximum particle size of 3/4-in. [19.0 mm] for a 4-in. [101.6-mm] mold while Test Method D698 allows a maximum particle size of 3/8-in. [9.5-mm] for the same size mold. Secondly, this standard permits the material leftover after the water content specimen has been obtained to be mixed with the rest of the sample and reused for the next determination. Test Method D698 does not permit the material to be reused. Thirdly, this standard allows the material that is retained on the 3/4-in. [19.0-mm] and passing the 3-in. [75-mm] to be discarded (scalping technique) and replaced with an equal mass of material that passes the 3/4-in. [19.0-mm] sieve and is retained on the No.4 [4.75-mm] sieve. Test Method D698 does not permit the scalp and replacement technique.
Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the relationship between the water content and the density of soil-cement mixtures when compacted before cement hydration as prescribed.
1.2 A 0.0333-ft3 [944-cm3] mold and a 5.50-lbf [24.5-N or mass of 2.5-kg] rammer dropped from a height of 12.0 in. [30.5 cm] are used and two methods, depending on soil gradation, are covered, as follows:
Sections
Test Method A, using soil material passing a No. 4 [4.75-mm] sieve. This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample passes the No. 4 [4.75-mm] sieve
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Test Method B, using soil material passing a 3/4-in. [19.0-mm] sieve. This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is retained on the No. 4 [4.75-mm] sieve. This test method may be used only on materials with 30 % or less retained on the 3/4-in. [19.0-mm] sieve
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1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved.
1.3.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. This standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D558/D558M − 19
Standard Test Methods for
Moisture-Density (Unit Weight) Relations of Soil-Cement
1
Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D558/D558M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds
3
of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft shall not be
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
relationship between the water content and the density of
soil-cement mixtures when compacted before cement hydra- 1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
tion as prescribed. guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
3 3 Practice D6026.
1.2 A 0.0333-ft [944-cm ] mold and a 5.50-lbf [24.5-N or
1.4.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
massof2.5-kg]rammerdroppedfromaheightof12.0in.[30.5
recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the
cm] are used and two methods, depending on soil gradation,
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
are covered, as follows:
significant digits that should generally be retained. The proce-
Sections
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
Test Method A, using soil material passing a No. 4 [4.75-mm] sieve.
This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample passes the obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
No. 4 [4.75-mm] sieve 8
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
3
Test Method B, using soil material passing a ⁄4-in. [19.0-mm] sieve.
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is retained on
the No. 4 [4.75-mm] sieve. This test method may be used only on 9
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
3
materials with 30 % or less retained on the ⁄4-in. [19.0-mm] sieve
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units
methods for the engineering design.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
with the standard.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F=ma)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
calculations are involved.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.3.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit
of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two
2. Referenced Documents
separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
standard. This standard includes the gravitational system of
D559/D559M Test Methods for Wetting and Drying Com-
inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for
pacted Soil-Cement Mixtures
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil
and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization
2
With Admixtures. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published January 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D558 − 11 D558/D558M − 19
Standard Test Methods for
Moisture-Density (Unit Weight) Relations of Soil-Cement
1
Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D558;D558/D558M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the relationship between the water content and the density of soil-cement
mixtures when compacted before cement hydration as prescribed.
3 3
1
1.2 A ⁄30-ft0.0333-ft (944-cm[944-cm )] mold and a 5.50-lbf (24.5-N[24.5-N or mass of 2.49-kg)2.5-kg] rammer dropped
from a height of 12.0 in. (30.5 cm)[30.5 cm] are used and two methods, depending on soil gradation, are covered, as follows:
Sections
Test Method A, using soil material passing a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample passes the
No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve 7
Test Method A, using soil material passing a No. 4 [4.75-mm] sieve.
This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample passes the
No. 4 [4.75-mm] sieve 8
3
Test Method B, using soil material passing a ⁄4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.
This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is retained on
the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve. This test method may be used only on 8
3
materials with 30 % or less retained on the ⁄4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve
3
Test Method B, using soil material passing a ⁄4-in. [19.0-mm] sieve.
This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is retained on
the No. 4 [4.75-mm] sieve. This test method may be used only on 9
3
materials with 30 % or less retained on the ⁄4-in. [19.0-mm] sieve
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded as standard, except as noted below. The values
given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered
separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf)
represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations
are involved.
1.4.2 The slug unit of mass is almost never used in commercial practice (density, scales, balances, etc.). Therefore, the standard
unit for mass in this standard is either kilogram (kg) or gram (g) or both. Also, the equivalent inch-pound unit (slug) is not given.
1.3.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of
mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the
gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single
standard. As stated in This 1.4.2, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the
3
slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft shall
not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization With
Admixtures.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2019. Published February 2011January 2020. Originally approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 20032011 as
D558–03.–11. DOI: 10.1520/D0558-11.10.1520/D0558_D0558M-19.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D558
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