ASTM D333-96

Standard Test Method for Clear and Pigmented Lacquers

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing lacquers and lacquer coatings. The test methods included are listed in Table 1.
Note 1--In accordance with Terminology D16, a lacquer is defined as a coating composition that is based on synthetic thermoplastic filmforming material dissolved in organic solvent(s) and that dries primarily by solvent evaporation. Typical lacquers include those based on nitrocellulose, other cellulose derivatives, vinyl resins, acrylic resins, etc.
Note 2--Lacquers may be applied under such diverse conditions, to so many different surfaces, and their dried films may be subjected to so many kinds of wear and exposure that it is not possible to assure desired performance from a single selection of test methods and numerical results therefrom. Those skilled in lacquer technology may find partial assurance of obtaining desired qualities in various types of lacquers through careful selection of the methods covered herein and intelligent interpretation of results therefrom.
Note 3--It is intended ultimately to remove all experimental procedures from Test Methods D 333 and to establish them as a guide to the selection of test methods for lacquer and perhaps to interpretation of results therefrom. Temporarily there remain in Test Methods D333 a few tests that are too short or otherwise presently unsuitable for establishment under separate ASTM designations.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-May-2001
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.55 - Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D333-01 - Standard Guide for Clear and Pigmented Lacquers
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D3023-98(2017) - Standard Practice for Determination of Resistance of Factory-Applied Coatings on Wood Products to Stains and Reagents
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D2832-92(2016) - Standard Guide for Determining Volatile and Nonvolatile Content of Paint and Related Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D365-23 - Standard Guide for Soluble Nitrocellulose Base Solutions
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 333 – 96
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Methods for
Clear and Pigmented Lacquers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 333; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing lacquers
Viscosity)
and lacquer coatings. The test methods included are listed in
D 522 Test Method for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached
Table 1.
Organic Coatings
NOTE 1—In accordance with Terminology D 16, a lacquer is defined as 3
D 523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
a coating composition that is based on synthetic thermoplastic filmforming
D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
material dissolved in organic solvent(s) and that dries primarily by solvent
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
evaporation. Typical lacquers include those based on nitrocellulose, other
Related Coating Products
cellulose derivatives, vinyl resins, acrylic resins, etc.
D 610 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on
NOTE 2—Lacquers may be applied under such diverse conditions, to so
many different surfaces, and their dried films may be subjected to so many
Painted Steel Surfaces
kinds of wear and exposure that it is not possible to assure desired
D 658 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
performance from a single selection of test methods and numerical results 3
Coatings by Air Blast Abrasive
therefrom. Those skilled in lacquer technology may find partial assurance
D 659 Method of Evaluating Degree of Chalking of Exte-
of obtaining desired qualities in various types of lacquers through careful
rior Paints
selection of the methods covered herein and intelligent interpretation of
D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of
results therefrom.
NOTE 3—It is intended ultimately to remove all experimental proce- Exterior Paints
dures from Test Methods D 333 and to establish them as a guide to the
D 661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of
selection of test methods for lacquer and perhaps to interpretation of
Exterior Paints
results therefrom. Temporarily there remain in Test Methods D 333 a few
D 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of
tests that are too short or otherwise presently unsuitable for establishment
Exterior Paints
under separate ASTM designations.
D 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3
Paints
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3
ing) of Exterior Paints
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D 870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
2. Referenced Documents
Using Water Immersion
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
B 117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
Coatings by Falling Abrasive
Apparatus
D 1005 Test Methods for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
D 16 Terminology Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
Related Products
D 1014 Test Method for Conducting Exterior Exposure
D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
Tests of Paints on Steel
D 88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
D 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
Closed Tester
a Ferrous Base
D 1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
D 1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility
Cobalt Scale)
of Subcommittee D01.55 on Factor-Applied Coatings on Preformed Products.
Current edition approved May 10, 1996. Published July 1996. Originally D 1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
e1
published as D 333 – 31 T. Last previous edition D 333 – 87 (1991) .
Vehicle Systems
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
4 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
5 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
D 333
TABLE 1 List of Test Methods
D 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of
ASTM Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to
Test Method Section
Method 3
a Nonferrous Metal Base
General Requirements 4 .
D 1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of Organic
Liquid Materials:
Coatings
Color of Clear Lacquers:
D 1475 Test Method for Density of Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
Gardner Color Scale 9 D 1544
Platinum-Cobalt Scale 9 D 1209
and Related Products
Flash Point:
D 1535 Test Method for Specifying Color by the Munsell
Tag Closed Cup 11 D 56,
System
D 93,
D 3278
D 1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids
Homogeneity:
(Gardner Color Scale)
Clarity and Cleanness 8 D 2090
Fineness of Pigment Grind 8 D 1210 D 1644 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Varnishes
Nonvolatile Matter 7 D 1644
D 1729 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Color Differences
Sample Preparation 5 .
of Opaque Materials
Viscosity:
D 1733 Method of Preparation of Aluminum Alloy Panels
Ford Cup (Efflux) 10 D 1200
Kinematic High Precision 10 D 445
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products
Weight per Gallon (Density) 6 D 1475
D 1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
Dried Films:
Abrasion Resistance: Using Water Fog Apparatus
Air Blast Abrasion Tester 19 D 658
D 1737 Test Method for Elongation of Attached Organic
Falling Sand Method 19 D 968
Coatings with Cylindrical Mandrel Apparatus
Chip Resistance: 30 D 3170
Color-Pigmented Coatings: D 2090 Test Method for Clarity and Cleanness of Paint and
Spectrophotometric Method 15 E 308
Ink Liquids
Munsell Color System 15 D 1535
D 2091 Test Method for Print Resistance of Lacquers
Color Difference-Pigmented Coatings:
Visual Method 16 D 1729 D 2199 Test Method for Measurement of Plasticizer Migra-
Instrumental Evaluation of Color
tion from Vinyl Fabrics to Lacquers
Differences of Opaque Materials 16 D 2244
D 2204 Test Method for Perspiration Resistance of Organic
Elongation:
Conical Mandrel 17 D 522
Coatings
Cylindrical Mandrel 17 D 1737
D 2244 Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences
Film Thickness:
from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
Nondestructive Magnetic Base 13 D 1186
Nondestructive Nonmagnetic Metallic Base 13 D 1400
D 2620 Test Method for Light Stability of Clear Coatings
Penetration Thickness Gage 13 D 1400
D 2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec-
Dial Comparator 13 D 1005
tometry
Gloss:
Specular Gloss 14 D 523
D 3170 Test Method for Chipping Resistance of Coatings
Hardness Indentation Method 18 D 1474
D 3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Set-
Hiding Power 27 D 2805
aflash Closed-Cup Apparatus
Household Chemical Resistance 21 D 1308
Light Stability 31 D 2620
E 308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by
Outdoor Exposure:
Using the CIE System
Preparation of Coated Panels:
Aluminum Alloy Panels 22 D 1733
Steel Panels 22 D 609 3. Significance and Use
Test Procedures:
3.1 These test methods are intended to compile as well as
Exposure Tests Using Steel Panels 22 D 1014
Evaluating Blistering 22 D 714 provide screening tests in evaluating clear and pigmented
Evaluating Chalking 22 D 659
lacquers as used in different coating operations.
Evaluating Checking 22 D 660
3.2 Each coating system may contain from a simple one
Evaluating Cracking 22 D 661
Evaluating Rusting 22 D 610
coat operation to a multicoat finishing system.
Evaluating Erosion 22 D 662
3.3 The substrates may be varied, ferrous and non ferrous,
Evaluating Flaking 22 D 772
plastic or wood which can affect the performance of a given
Panel Preparation:
Manual Spraying Method 12 .
coating system.
Automatic Application 12 D 823
3.4 Substrate cleaning, chemically or physically, is an es-
Perspiration Resistance 28 D 2204
sential and critical aspect to the performance of the coating
Plasticizer Migration 29 D 2199
Print Test 20 D 2091
system.
Salt Fog 24 B 117
3.5 Results from the various tests are not necessarily all
Temperature-Change Resistance 23 D 1211
useful in evaluating the performance of the different types of
Water Fog Testing 25 D 1735
Water Immersion Test 26 D 870
coating systems used on the many varied substrates.
D 1211 Test Method for Temperature-Change Resistance of
Discontinued: see 1979 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 27.
Clear Nitrocellulose Lacquer Films Applied to Wood
Discontinued; see 1988 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
D 1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.
6 11
Clear and Pigmented Organic Finishes Discontinued: see 1976 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 27.
D 333
4. General Requirements nearly the same light-absorption characteristics as those of the
platinum-cobalt standards.
4.1 All tests shall be made in diffused light (not in direct
sunlight), and at 73.5 6 3.5°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6 5%
10. Viscosity
relative humidity, unless otherwise specified.
10.1 The viscosity of a lacquer is a property that can be used
as a guide in determining the ease with which a given lacquer
5. Preparation of Sample
may be applied. For example, lacquers designed for spray
5.1 Many clear lacquers and all pigmented lacquers contain
application may be low in viscosity whereas they are high for
suspended solids that have a tendency to settle to the bottom of
doctor blade or roller application.
the container. Stir any settled portion with a paddle or spatula
10.2 Determine the viscosity of clear and pigmented fin-
and then shake vigorously for 10 min on a mechanical agitator.
ishes designed for spray application as described in Test
Since many lacquer solvents are extremely volatile, care
Method D 1200. This method is not recommended for lacquers
should be taken during sampling and testing to avoid loss of
with viscosities requiring more than 100 s efflux time.
significant amounts of volatile matter.
10.3 For precise viscosity determinations in the range from
0.4 to 16 000 cSt proceed in accordance with Test Method
6. Weight Per Gallon
D 445.
6.1 Determine the density as described in Test Method
NOTE 4—Caution should be observed in that it is recognized that
D 1475. This method is particularly adaptable for high-
changes in viscosity may occur in lacquers upon aging.
viscosity fluids or where a component is too volatile for a
specific gravity balance determination. If a weight per gallon
11. Flash Point
cup of 83.2-mL capacity is used, calculation of weight per
11.1 The organic solvents used in lacquers have character-
gallon is simplified.
istic flash points. The flash point of a liquid is defined as the
lowest temperature, corrected to 101.3 kPa (760 mmHg) of
7. Nonvolatile Matter
pressure, of the sample at which application of an ignition
7.1 Nonvolatile matter determination is an indication of the
source causes the vapor of the sample to ignite under specified
amount of permanent film-forming material contained in a
conditions of test.
lacquer. At ambient temperatures, drying of a lacquer film may
11.2 Determine the flash point by Test Method D 56 or Test
involve gradual loss of slowly volatile solvents, hence solids
Methods D 93 for liquid storage regulations of Occupational
determinations may differ from those resulting from a nonvola-
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) of U. S. Department
tile determination accelerated by a higher temperature.
of Labor and for classification of hazardous liquids for ship-
7.2 Determine the nonvolatile content of lacquers as de-
ments under the regulations of U. S. Department of Transpor-
scribed in Test Methods D 1644. As an additional requirement,
tation and bulk shipments by water.
the specimen shall be reheated and reweighed until the weight
11.2.1 Determine the flash point of lacquer or lacquer
is constant to within 1 mg. Test Method A of Test Methods
materials having a viscosity less than 9.5 cSt at 77°F (25°C) or
D 1644 is preferred since Method B is potentially dangerous
45 SUS at 100°F (37.8°C) (Test Method D 88) by Test Method
when used with lacquers.
D 56 and of lacquers having a viscosity of more than 9.5 cSt at
77°F (25°C) or 45 SUS at 100°F (37.8°C) by Method A of Test
8. Homogeneity
Methods D 93. Use Method B of Test Methods D 93 whenever
8.1 Good quality lacquers and their ingredients should be
there is a question that the heat transfer within a viscous
uniformly constituted and free from particles of foreign matter.
lacquer is not sufficient to assure an accurate flash point. In
8.2 Determine the presence or absence of foreign matter in
addition, use Method B when testing pigmented lacquers or
nonpigmented liquids for use in paints and lacquers or lacquers
suspensions of solids and liquids which tend to skin under test
themselves as described in Test Method D 2090.
conditions.
8.3 Determine the degree of dispersion (commonly referred
11.3 Test Methods D 3278, which give comparable results
to as “fineness of grind”) of pigment, semiquantitatively, in
to Test Method D 56 and Test Methods D 93 while requiring a
pigmented coating systems in accordance with Test Method
smaller specimen and less time to run, may be used as an
D 1210.
alternative method.
12. Panel Preparation
9. Color
12.1 In the evaluation of coated panels a uniform dry film
9.1 The color of a clear lacquer is only a preliminary
thickness of lacquer is essential in order to eliminate any effect
indication of the color of a dried film of lacquer. The initial
due to film thickness. Unless otherwise specified, the dry film
color may bleach and another color may appear under certain
thicknesses shall be as follows:
conditions of exposure.
Mils Micrometres
9.2 Determine the color of c
...