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ASTM D2331-08

(Practice)

Standard Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed Deposits

Standard Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed Deposits

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Deposits in piping from aqueous process streams serve as an indicator of fouling, corrosion or scaling. Rapid techniques of analysis are useful in identifying the nature of the deposit so that the reason for deposition can be ascertained.
Possible treatment schemes can be devised to prevent deposition from reoccurring.
Deposits formed from or by water in all its phases may be further classified as scale, sludge, corrosion products or biological deposits. The overall composition of a deposit or some part of a deposit may be determined by chemical or spectrographic analysis; the constituents actually present as chemical substances may be identified by microscope or X-ray.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices provide directions for the preparation of the sample for analysis, the preliminary examination of the sample, and methods for dissolving the analytical sample or selectively separating constituents of concern.
1.2 The general practices given here can be applied to analysis of samples from a variety of surfaces that are subject to water-formed deposits. However, the investigator must resort to individual experience and judgement in applying these procedures to specific problems.
1.3 The practices include the following:
Sections Preparation of the Analytical Sample 8 Preliminary Testing of the Analytical Sample 9 Dissolving the Analytical Sample10
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see Note 2.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2008
ICS
13.060.60 - Examination of physical properties of water
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2331-80(2003) - Standard Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed Deposits
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D1245-17 - Standard Practice for Examination of Water-Formed Deposits by Chemical Microscopy
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D5256-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Relative Efficacy of Dynamic Solvent Systems for Dissolving Water-Formed Deposits
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D5952-08(2015) - Standard Guide for the Inspection of Water Systems for Legionella and the Investigation of Possible Outbreaks of Legionellosis (Legionnaires' Disease or Pontiac Fever)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4778-15 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion and Fouling Tendency of Cooling Water Under Heat Transfer Conditions
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D2688-15e1 - Standard Test Method for Corrosivity of Water in the Absence of Heat Transfer (Weight Loss Method)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D887-13(2022) - Standard Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D934-22 - Standard Practices for Identification of Crystalline Compounds in Water-Formed Deposits By X-Ray Diffraction
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2331 − 08
StandardPractices for
Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed
1
Deposits
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2331; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D934 Practices for Identification of Crystalline Compounds
in Water-Formed Deposits By X-Ray Diffraction
1.1 These practices provide directions for the preparation of
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
the sample for analysis, the preliminary examination of the
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
sample, and methods for dissolving the analytical sample or
D1245 Practice for Examination of Water-Formed Deposits
selectively separating constituents of concern.
by Chemical Microscopy
1.2 The general practices given here can be applied to
D2332 Practice for Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits by
analysis of samples from a variety of surfaces that are subject
Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence
to water-formed deposits. However, the investigator must
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
resorttoindividualexperienceandjudgementinapplyingthese
Sieves
procedures to specific problems.
3. Terminology
1.3 The practices include the following:
Sections 3.1 For definitions of terms used in these practices, refer to
Preparation of the Analytical Sample 8
Terminology D1129.
Preliminary Testing of the Analytical Sample 9
Dissolving the Analytical Sample 10
4. Significance and Use
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1 Deposits in piping from aqueous process streams serve
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
as an indicator of fouling, corrosion or scaling. Rapid tech-
standard.
niques of analysis are useful in identifying the nature of the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
deposit so that the reason for deposition can be ascertained.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Possible treatment schemes can be devised to prevent
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
deposition from reoccurring.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
4.3 Deposits formed from or by water in all its phases may
warning statement, see Note 2.
be further classified as scale, sludge, corrosion products or
biological deposits. The overall composition of a deposit or
2. Referenced Documents
some part of a deposit may be determined by chemical or
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
spectrographic analysis; the constituents actually present as
D887 Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
chemical substances may be identified by microscope or X-ray.
D932 Test Method for Iron Bacteria in Water and Water-
Formed Deposits
5. Reagents and Materials
D933 Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
all reagents shall conform to specifications of the Committee
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and 3
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
3
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2331 – 80 (2003). Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
DOI: 10.1520/D2331-08. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents not
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or listed by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for Laboratory
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
the ASTM website. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2331 − 08
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of (extractedanddried)Soxhletthimble.Paperclipsareusefulfor
sufficiently hi
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 2331–80 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: D 2331 – 08
Standard Practices for
Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed
1
Deposits
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2331; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These practices provide directions for the preparation of the sample for analysis, the preliminary examination of the sample,
and methods for dissolving the analytical sample or selectively separating constituents of concern.
1.2 The general practices given here can be applied to analysis of samples from a variety of surfaces that are subject to
water-formed deposits. However, the investigator must resort to individual experience and judgement in applying these procedures
to specific problems.
1.3 The practices include the following:
Sections
Preparation of the Analytical Sample 8
Preparation of the Analytical Sample 8
Preliminary Testing of the Analytical Sample 9
Preliminary Testing of the Analytical Sample 9
Dissolving the Analytical Sample 10
1.4
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see Note 2.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 887 Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
D 932 Test Method for Iron Bacteria in Water and Water-Formed Deposits
D 933 Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits
D934Practices for Identification of Crystalline Compounds in Water-Formed Deposits by X-Ray Diffraction
D 993Test Method for Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Water and Water-Formed Deposits
3
D1128MethodforIdentificationofTypesofMicroorganismsandMicroscopicMatterinWaterandWasteWater 934 Practices
for Identification of Crystalline Compounds in Water-Formed Deposits By X-Ray Diffraction
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 1245 Practice for Examination of Water-Formed Deposits by Chemical Microscopy
D 2332 Practice for Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits by Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence
E 11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—ForFor definitions of terms used in these practices, refer to Terminology D 1129.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Deposits in piping from aqueous process streams serve as an indicator of fouling, corrosion or scaling. Rapid techniques
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling of Water and
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved July 3, 1980.Oct. 1, 2008. Published September 1980.November 2008. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 19802003
as D 2331 – 80 (2003).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2331–08
of analysis are useful in identifying the nature of the deposit so that the reason for deposition can be ascertained.
4.2 Possible treatment schemes can be devised to prevent deposition from reoccurring.
4.3 Depositsformedfromorbywaterinallitsphasesmaybefurtherclassifiedasscale,sludge,corrosionproductsorbiological
deposits.Theoverallcompositionofadepositorsomepartofadepositmaybedeterminedbychemicalorspectrographicanalysis;
the constituents actually present as chemical substances may be identified by microscope or X ray. X-ray.
5. Reagents and Materials
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents sha
...

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4.1 Deposits in piping from aqueous process streams serve as an indicator of fouling, corrosion or scaling. Rapid techniques of analysis are useful in identifying the nature of the deposit so that the reason for deposition can be ascertained.  
4.2 Possible treatment schemes can be devised to prevent deposition from reoccurring.  
4.3 Deposits formed from or by water in all its phases may be further classified as scale, sludge, corrosion products or biological deposits. The overall composition of a deposit or some part of a deposit may be determined by chemical or spectrographic analysis; the constituents actually present as chemical substances may be identified by microscope or X-ray.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices provide directions for the preparation of the sample for analysis, the preliminary examination of the sample, and methods for dissolving the analytical sample or selectively separating constituents of concern.  
1.2 The general practices given here can be applied to analysis of samples from a variety of surfaces that are subject to water-formed deposits. However, the investigator must resort to individual experience and judgement in applying these procedures to specific problems.  
1.3 The practices include the following:    
Sections  
Preparation of the Analytical Sample  
8  
Preliminary Testing of the Analytical Sample  
9  
Dissolving the Analytical Sample  
10  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For a specific warning statement, see Note 2.  
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SCOPE
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1.4 Technetium-99 alternatively can be determined in water samples using Practice D8026.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4922-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Radioactive Iron in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fe-55 is formed in reactor coolant systems of nuclear reactors by activation of stable iron. The 55Fe is not completely removed by waste processing systems and some is released to the environment by means of normal waste liquid discharges. Power plants are required to monitor these discharges for 55Fe as well as other radionuclides.  
5.2 This technique effectively removes other activation and fission products such as isotopes of iodine, zinc, manganese, cobalt, and cesium by the addition of hold-back carriers and an anion exchange technique. The fission products (zirconium-95 and niobium-95) are selectively eluted with hydrochloric-hydrofluoric acid washes. The iron is finally separated from Zn+2 by precipitation of FePO4 at a pH of 3.0.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of 55Fe in the presence of 59Fe by liquid scintillation counting. The a-priori minimum detectable concentration for this test method is 7.4 Bq/L.2  
1.2 This test method was developed principally for the quantitative determination of 55Fe. However, after proper calibration of the liquid scintillation counter with reference standards of each nuclide, 59Fe may also be quantified.  
1.3 This test method was used successfully with Type III reagent water conforming to Specification D1193. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 9.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1943-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Alpha Particle Radioactivity of Water 

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed for the purpose of measuring gross alpha radioactivity in water. It is used for the analysis of both process and environmental water to determine gross alpha activity which is often a result of natural radioactivity present in minerals.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of alpha particle activity of water. It is applicable to nuclides that emit alpha particles with energies above 3.9 MeV and at activity levels above 0.02 Bq/mL (540 pCi/L) of radioactive homogeneous water. This test method is not applicable to samples containing alpha-emitting radionuclides that are volatile under conditions of the analysis.  
1.2 This test method can be used for either absolute or relative determinations. In tracer work, the results may be expressed by comparison with a standard that is defined to be 100 %. For radioassay, data may be expressed in terms of alpha disintegration rates after calibration with a suitable standard. General information on radioactivity and measurement of radiation has been published in Refs (1-3)2 and summarized in Practices D3648.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5811-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Strontium-90 in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to measure the concentration of 90Sr in non-process water samples. This test method may be used to determine the concentration of 90Sr in environmental samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of radioactive 90Sr in environmental water samples (for example, non-process and effluent waters) in the range of 0.037 Bq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater.  
1.2 This test method has been used successfully with tap water. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of untested matrices.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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