ASTM D689-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper
Standard Test Method for Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is widely used within the paper industry, in conjunction with other tests of strength, as a predictor of end-use performance of a wide range of grades of papers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the force perpendicular to the plane of the paper required to tear multiple sheets of paper through a specified distance after the tear has been started, using an Elmendorf-type tearing tester. The measured results can be used to calculate the approximate tearing resistance of a single sheet. In the case of tearing a single sheet of paper, the tearing resistance is measured directly.
Note 1: Similar procedures for making Elmendorf-type tear measurements are found in ISO 1974 and TAPPI T414.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for determining the cross-directional tearing resistance of highly directional boards and papers.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D689 − 17
Standard Test Method for
1
Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D689; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D646Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Paper and
Paperboard ofAramid Papers (Basis Weight) (Withdrawn
1.1 Thistestmethodmeasurestheforceperpendiculartothe
3
2022)
plane of the paper required to tear multiple sheets of paper
D685Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products
through a specified distance after the tear has been started,
for Testing
using an Elmendorf-type tearing tester. The measured results
D1749Practice for Interlaboratory Evaluation ofTest Meth-
can be used to calculate the approximate tearing resistance of
ods Used with Paper and Paper Products (Withdrawn
asinglesheet.Inthecaseoftearingasinglesheetofpaper,the
3
2010)
tearing resistance is measured directly.
E178Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
4
NOTE 1—Similar procedures for making Elmendorf-type tear measure-
2.2 ISO Standard:
ments are found in ISO 1974 and TAPPI T414.
ISO 1974Paper—Determination of Tearing Resistance (El-
1.2 This test method is not suitable for determining the
mendorf method)
5
cross-directionaltearingresistanceofhighlydirectionalboards
2.3 TAPPI Standard:
and papers.
TAPPI T414Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 One or more sheets of the sample material are torn
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
together through a fixed distance by means of the pendulum of
priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-
an Elmendorf-type tearing tester. The work done in tearing is
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
measured by the loss in potential energy of the pendulum.The
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
instrument scale is calibrated to indicate the average force
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
exerted when a certain number of plies are torn together (work
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
done divided by the total distance torn).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. Significance and Use
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 This test method is widely used within the paper
2. Referenced Documents
industry, in conjunction with other tests of strength, as a
2
predictor of end-use performance of a wide range of grades of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
papers.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on 5. Apparatus
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
5.1 Elmendorf-type Tearing Tester—Severaltypesareavail-
Subcommittee D09.01 on Electrical Insulating Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originally able and in use throughout the world, principally those of
created by ASTM Committee D06.92 Paper and Paper Products and approved in
1942. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as as D4363–03 which was
3
withdrawn December 2009 and reinstated September 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D0689- The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
17. www.astm.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM Floor, New York, NY 10036.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from theTechnicalAssociation of the Pulp and Paper Industrial, P.O.
the ASTM website. Box 105113, Atlanta, GA 30348.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D689 − 17
Australian,British,German,Swedish,andUnitedStatesmanu-
facture. In addition, testing practices also vary.
5.2 Instrumental and Procedural Variables—Instruments
and practices in use vary in at least two major respects:
5.2.1 The Design of the Specimen Clamps—Together with
the structural characteristics of the paper
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D689 − 17
Standard Test Method for
1
Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D689; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D646 Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Paper and
Paperboard of Aramid Papers (Basis Weight) (Withdrawn
1.1 This test method measures the force perpendicular to the
3
2022)
plane of the paper required to tear multiple sheets of paper
D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products
through a specified distance after the tear has been started,
for Testing
using an Elmendorf-type tearing tester. The measured results
D1749 Practice for Interlaboratory Evaluation of Test Meth-
can be used to calculate the approximate tearing resistance of
ods Used with Paper and Paper Products (Withdrawn
a single sheet. In the case of tearing a single sheet of paper, the
3
2010)
tearing resistance is measured directly.
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
4
NOTE 1—Similar procedures for making Elmendorf-type tear measure-
2.2 ISO Standard:
ments are found in ISO 1974 and TAPPI T414.
ISO 1974 Paper—Determination of Tearing Resistance (El-
1.2 This test method is not suitable for determining the
mendorf method)
5
cross-directional tearing resistance of highly directional boards
2.3 TAPPI Standard:
and papers.
TAPPI T414 Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 One or more sheets of the sample material are torn
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
together through a fixed distance by means of the pendulum of
priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-
an Elmendorf-type tearing tester. The work done in tearing is
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
measured by the loss in potential energy of the pendulum. The
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
instrument scale is calibrated to indicate the average force
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
exerted when a certain number of plies are torn together (work
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
done divided by the total distance torn).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. Significance and Use
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 This test method is widely used within the paper
2. Referenced Documents
industry, in conjunction with other tests of strength, as a
2
predictor of end-use performance of a wide range of grades of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
papers.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on 5. Apparatus
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
5.1 Elmendorf-type Tearing Tester—Several types are avail-
Subcommittee D09.01 on Electrical Insulating Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originally able and in use throughout the world, principally those of
created by ASTM Committee D06.92 Paper and Paper Products and approved in
1942. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as as D4363 – 03 which was
3
withdrawn December 2009 and reinstated September 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D0689- The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
17. www.astm.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Floor, New York, NY 10036.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industrial, P.O.
the ASTM website. Box 105113, Atlanta, GA 30348.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D689 − 17
Australian, British, German, Swedish, and United States manu-
facture. In addition, testing practices also vary.
5.2 Instrumental and Procedural Variables—Instruments
and practices in use vary in at least two major respects:
5.2.1 The Design of the Specimen Clamps—Together with
the structural characteristics of the paper governing the nature
of the tear with respect to its splitting tendencies during the
test, this
...
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