ASTM D5687/D5687M-95(2015)

Standard Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The techniques described in this guide, if properly used in conjunction with a knowledge of behavior of particular material systems, will aid in the proper preparation of consolidated laminates for mechanical property testing.  
5.2 The techniques described are recommended to facilitate the consistent production of satisfactory test specimens by minimizing uncontrolled processing variance during specimen fabrication.  
5.3 Steps 3 through 8 of the 8-step process may not be required for particular specimen or test types. If the specimen or test does not require a given step in the process of specimen fabrication, that particular step may be skipped.  
5.4 A test specimen represents a simplification of the structural part. The test specimen's value lies in the ability of several sites to be able to test the specimen using standard techniques. Test data may not show identical properties to those obtained in a large structure, but a correlation can be made between test results and part performance. This may be due, in part, to the difficulty of creating a processing environment for test specimens that identically duplicates that of larger scale processes.  
5.5 Tolerances are guidelines based on current lab practices. This guide does not attempt to give detailed instructions due to the variety of possible panels and specimens that could be made. The tolerances should be used as a starting reference from which refinements can be made.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidelines to facilitate the proper preparation of laminates and test specimens from fiber-reinforced organic matrix composite prepregs. The scope is limited to organic matrices and fiber reinforcement in unidirectional (tape) or orthagonal weave patterns. Other forms may require deviations from these general guidelines. Other processing techniques for test coupon preparation, for example, pultrusion, filament winding and resin-transfer molding, are not addressed.  
1.2 Specimen preparation is modeled as an 8-step process that is presented in Fig. 1 and Section 8. Laminate consolidation techniques are assumed to be by press or autoclave. This practice assumes that the materials are properly handled by the test facility to meet the requirements specified by the material supplier(s) or specification, or both. Identification and information gathering guidelines are modeled after Guide E1309. Test specimens shall be directly traceable to material used as designated in Guide E1434. Proper test specimen identification also includes designation of process equipment, process steps, and any irregularities identified during processing. Steps 6, 7 and 8 may be interchanged.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2015
• ICS: 83.140.10 - Films and sheets
• Technical Committee: D30 - Composite Materials
• Drafting Committee: D30.04 - Lamina and Laminate Test Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5687/D5687M − 95 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Guide for
Preparation of Flat Composite Panels with Processing
1
Guidelines for Specimen Preparation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5687/D5687M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide provides guidelines to facilitate the proper
C297/C297MTest Method for Flatwise Tensile Strength of
preparation of laminates and test specimens from fiber-
Sandwich Constructions
reinforced organic matrix composite prepregs. The scope is
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
limited to organic matrices and fiber reinforcement in unidi-
D792Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
rectional(tape)ororthagonalweavepatterns.Otherformsmay
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
require deviations from these general guidelines. Other pro-
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
cessing techniques for test coupon preparation, for example,
D2734TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlastics
pultrusion, filament winding and resin-transfer molding, are
D3163Test Method for Determining Strength ofAdhesively
not addressed.
Bonded Rigid Plastic Lap-Shear Joints in Shear by Ten-
1.2 Specimen preparation is modeled as an 8-step process sion Loading
that is presented in Fig. 1 and Section 8. Laminate consolida-
D3171Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
tion techniques are assumed to be by press or autoclave. This Materials
practiceassumesthatthematerialsareproperlyhandledbythe D3531Test Method for Resin Flow of Carbon Fiber-Epoxy
test facility to meet the requirements specified by the material Prepreg
supplier(s) or specification, or both. Identification and infor- D3878Terminology for Composite Materials
D3990Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects
mation gathering guidelines are modeled after Guide E1309.
Test specimens shall be directly traceable to material used as D4850Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
Methods
designatedinGuideE1434.Propertestspecimenidentification
D5229/D5229MTestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
also includes designation of process equipment, process steps,
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
and any irregularities identified during processing.
Composite Materials
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E1237Guide for Installing Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases (With-
3
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
drawn 2015)
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
E1434Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
ReinforcedCompositeMaterialsinDatabases(Withdrawn
3
standard.
2015)
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D883 defines terms relating to plastics. Terminology D123
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
definestextilerelatedterms.TerminologyD4850definesterms
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.04 on Lamina and contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Laminate Test Methods. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5687/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
D5687M-95(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D5687_D5687M-95R15. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D5687/D5687M − 95 (2015)
3.2.7 debulk, v—process of decreasing voids between
laminabeforelaminateconsolidationthroughuseofvacuumor
by mechanical means. Laminae can be debulked at ambient or
elevated temperatures.
3.2.8 doub
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5687/D5687M − 95 (Reapproved 2007) D5687/D5687M − 95 (Reapproved
2015)
Standard Guide for
Preparation of Flat Composite Panels with Processing
1
Guidelines for Specimen Preparation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5687/D5687M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides guidelines to facilitate the proper preparation of laminates and test specimens from fiber-reinforced
organic matrix composite prepregs. The scope is limited to organic matrices and fiber reinforcement in unidirectional (tape) or
orthagonal weave patterns. Other forms may require deviations from these general guidelines. Other processing techniques for test
coupon preparation, for example, pultrusion, filament winding and resin-transfer molding, are not addressed.
1.2 Specimen preparation is modeled as an 8-step process that is presented in Fig. 1 and Section 8. Laminate consolidation
techniques are assumed to be by press or autoclave. This practice assumes that the materials are properly handled by the test facility
to meet the requirements specified by the material supplier(s) or specification, or both. Identification and information gathering
guidelines are modeled after Guide E1309. Test specimens shall be directly traceable to material used as designated in Guide
E1434. Proper test specimen identification also includes designation of process equipment, process steps, and any irregularities
identified during processing.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C297/C297M Test Method for Flatwise Tensile Strength of Sandwich Constructions
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
D3163 Test Method for Determining Strength of Adhesively Bonded Rigid Plastic Lap-Shear Joints in Shear by Tension Loading
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
D3531 Test Method for Resin Flow of Carbon Fiber-Epoxy Prepreg
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
E1237 Guide for Installing Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.04 on Lamina and Laminate
Test Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2007Nov. 1, 2015. Published June 2007December 2015. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20022007 as
D5687/D5687M - 95(2002).(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D5687_D5687M-95R07.10.1520/D5687_D5687M-95R15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5687/D5687M − 95 (2015)
NOTE 1—Material identification is mandatory. Continuous traceability of specimens is required throughout the process.
Process checks (Appendix X4) may be done at the end of each step to verify that the step was performed to give a laminate or specimen of satisfactory
quality.
Steps 4 and 5 may be interchanged. For aramid fibers, step 5 routinely prec
...