ASTM E1753-22

Standard Practice for Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of Lead in Dry Paint Films

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This technique is applicable to dry paint films and varnishes in a variety of forms including the intact dry paint film surface, a notched or other angular cut surface that exposes a cross section of all paint layers, a paint chip, and ground paint film.  
5.2 The response of the spot test method varies depending on the extractability of lead from a coating matrix, which may differ depending on the test kit used, the coating type tested, and the type of lead pigment (3).  
5.3 In some situations, metals and other chemical species interfere with the spot tests causing false negative or false positive results (see Section 8).  
5.4 A spot test result may be used as a negative screen for the presence of lead in paints and varnishes provided the response of the test kit is sensitive to detecting lead reliably at a given predetermined level, for example, a regulatory action level (4).  
5.5 This practice may be used in conjunction with quantitative and semi-quantitative analytical methods for lead such as anodic stripping voltammetry or spectroscopic laboratory analysis of paint chip samples, or portable X-ray fluorescence testing of in situ paint films.  
5.6 Colorblind individuals (protanomalous viewers) who are deficient in viewing red colors may have difficulty in discerning the pink or red color of a positive rhodizonate test.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of commercial spot test kits based on either sulfide or rhodizonate for the qualitative determination of the presence of lead in dry paint films.  
1.2 This practice may also be used as a qualitative procedure for other dry coating films such as varnishes.  
1.3 This practice provides a list of the advantages and limitations of chemical spot test kits based on sulfide and rhodizonate to allow the user to choose the appropriate spot test for a given circumstance.  
1.4 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and not part of mandatory requirements.  
1.5 Methods described in this practice may not meet or be allowed by requirements or regulations established by local authorities having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulations.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2022
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D22 - Air Quality
• Drafting Committee: D22.12 - Sampling and Analysis of Lead for Exposure and Risk Assessment

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D1356-20a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2020
• Refers: ASTM D1356-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1753 − 22
Standard Practice for
Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of
1
Lead in Dry Paint Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1753; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 Thispracticecoverstheuseofcommercialspottestkits
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
based on either sulfide or rhodizonate for the qualitative
Atmospheres
determination of the presence of lead in dry paint films.
E1605Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
1.2 This practice may also be used as a qualitative proce-
dure for other dry coating films such as varnishes. 3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to this practice that do
1.3 This practice provides a list of the advantages and
not appear here, refer to Terminologies D1356 and E1605.
limitations of chemical spot test kits based on sulfide and
rhodizonatetoallowtheusertochoosetheappropriatespottest
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
for a given circumstance. 3.2.1 core sample—a fragment of the entire dry paint film
removed from the substrate with a coring tool which is
1.4 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and
designed to remove a specified area (for example, a square
not part of mandatory requirements.
centimetre) of dry paint film.
1.5 Methods described in this practice may not meet or be
3.2.2 negative screen—a spot test for which a negative
allowed by requirements or regulations established by local
result indicates a low probability of lead being present in the
authorities having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the
test specimen above a predetermined level; for example, a
user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulatory action level.
regulations.
3.2.3 negative test—the absence of the characteristic color
change within a specified time limit, usually within a few
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
minutes.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2.4 paint chip sample—a fragment of a dry paint film
standard.
removed from the substrate.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.5 positive test—the observation of the characteristic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
colorchangewithinaspecifiedtimelimit,usuallywithinafew
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
minutes,althoughspecificproceduresforsometestkitsinclude
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
observing the characteristic color change after an overnight
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
waiting period.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.6 rhodizonate spot test method—for lead detection, the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
use of a dilute solution of rhodizonate ion to test a painted
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3
surface or paint chip for the qualitative presence of lead (1).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.6.1 Discussion—A characteristic color change of the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
reagent from yellow/orange to pink or red indicates the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
presence of lead above the level of detection of the test kit.
1 2
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD22onAirQuality For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.12 on Sampling andAnalysis contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
of Lead for Exposure and Risk Assessment. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as E1753–19. DOI: The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
10.1520/E1753-22. this practice.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1753 − 22
3.2.7 sulfide spot test method—for lead detection,theuseof 6.1.1 Sulfide Based Spot Test Kit (usually consists of a 5%
a dilute solution of sulfi
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1753 − 19 E1753 − 22
Standard Practice for
Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of
1
Lead in Dry Paint Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1753; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the use of commercial spot test kits based on either sulfide or rhodizonate for the qualitative determination
of the presence of lead in dry paint films.
1.2 This practice may also be used as a qualitative procedure for other dry coating films such as varnishes.
1.3 This practice provides a list of the advantages and limitations of chemical spot test kits based on sulfide and rhodizonate to
allow the user to choose the appropriate spot test for a given circumstance.
1.4 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and not part of mandatory requirements.
1.5 Methods described in this practice may not meet or be allowed by requirements or regulations established by local authorities
having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulations.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
E1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.12 on Sampling and
Analysis,Analysis of Lead,Lead for Exposure and Risk Assessment.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019Nov. 1, 2022. Published February 2019November 2022. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20182019
as E1753–18a.–19. DOI: 10.1520/E1753–19.10.1520/E1753-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1753 − 22
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to this practice that do not appear here, refer to TerminologyTerminologies D1356 and E1605.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 core sample—a fragment of the entire dry paint film removed from the substrate with a coring tool which is designed to
remove a specified area (for example, a square centimetre) of dry paint film.
3.2.2 negative screen—a spot test for which a negative result indicates a low probability of lead being present in the test specimen
above a predetermined level; for example, a regulated federal or state abatement regulatory action level.
3.2.3 negative test—the absence of the characteristic color change within a specified time limit, usually within a few minutes.
3.2.4 paint chip sample—a fragment of a dry paint film removed from the substrate.
3.2.5 positive test—the observation of the characteristic color change within a specified time limit, usually within a few minutes,
although specific procedures for some test kits include observing the characteristic color change after an overnight waiting period.
3.2.6 rhodizonate spot test method—for lead detection, the use of a dilute solution of rhodizonate ion to test a painted surface or
3
paint chip for the qualitative presence of lead (1).
3.2.6.1 Discussion—
A characteristic color change of the reagent from yellow/orange to pink or red indicates the presence of
...