iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D2211-00(2005)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Elongation of Leather

Standard Test Method for Elongation of Leather

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The elongation measurement may be made at any designated load and is expressed as a percentage of the original distance between the jaws or between bench marks of the unstretched specimen. The speed of the machine is important. Speeds under or more than 10 ± 2 in./min (4.2 ± 0.8 mm/s) will give variables in the results, thus affecting the reproducibility of the method. The direction relative to the backbone and the width of the test specimen determines the magnitude of the elongation. This test method is excellent for development, control, specification acceptance, and service evaluation of leather. This test method may not apply when the conditions of the test employed differ widely from those specified in the test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the elongation or stretch characteristics of leather produced by a tensile load. This test method is intended for use on all types of leather and with all of the breaking load tests. This test method does not apply to wet blue.
1.2 The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2005
ICS
59.140.30 - Leather and furs
Technical Committee
D31 - Leather
Drafting Committee
D31.07 - Physical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2211-00 - Standard Test Method for Elongation of Leather
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D2211-00(2010) - Standard Test Method for Elongation of Leather
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Referred By
ASTM D2208-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Leather by the Grab Method
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D2209-00(2021) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005

Buy Standard

ASTM D2211-00(2005) - Standard Test Method for Elongation of LeatherASTM D2211-00(2005) - Standard Test Method for Elongation of Leather
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D2211-00(2005) - Standard Test Method for Elongation of Leather
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2211–00 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Elongation of Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2211; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and the width of the test specimen determines the magnitude of
the elongation. This test method is excellent for development,
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the elon-
control, specification acceptance, and service evaluation of
gation or stretch characteristics of leather produced by a tensile
leather. This test method may not apply when the conditions of
load.This test method is intended for use on all types of leather
the test employed differ widely from those specified in the test
and with all of the breaking load tests. This test method does
method.
not apply to wet blue.
1.2 The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5. Apparatus
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
5.1 Testing Machine, as described in Test Method D2209.
information only.
5.2 Dividers,havinglegsatleast4in.(102mm)longandan
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
adjustable screw arrangement for fixing the distance between
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
them.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.3 Steel Scale, graduated to read in 0.02 in. (0.5 mm).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Test Specimen
6.1 The specimen shall be dumbbell in shape when the test
2. Referenced Documents
2 is made with the tension test. It shall be cut from the test unit
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of leather by means of a die as shown in Fig. 1 of Test Method
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod-
D2209. The direction of the long axis relative to the backbone
ucts for Testing
shall be noted.
D2209 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather
6.2 The specimen for narrow strap, welting, lace, and round
3. Terminology belting leathers shall be a piece of leather uniform in width and
6 in. (152 mm) long.
3.1 Definitions:
6.3 The specimen for the grab method of determining
3.1.1 elongation, or stretch—theincreaseinlengthofaspan
breaking load shall be 6 in. (152 mm) long and 3 in. (76 mm)
of specimen under tension.
wide.
4. Significance and Use
7. Conditioning
4.1 The elongation measurement may be made at any
7.1 All specimens shall be conditioned as prescribed in
designated load and is expressed as a percentage of the original
Practice D1610. Conditioning other than as prescribed shall be
distance between the jaws or between bench marks of the
noted in the results.
unstretched specimen. The speed of the machine is important.
Speeds under or more than 10 6 2 in./min (4.2 6 0.8 mm/s)
8. Procedure
will give variables in the results, thus affecting the reproduc-
8.1 Mount the specimen symmetrically with the jaws sepa-
ibility of the method. The direction relative to the backbone
rated a distance of 4 in. (102 mm).
8.2 Operate the machine so that the movable grip travels at
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
a speed of 10 6 2 in./min (4.2 6 0.8 mm/s).
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.07 on Physical Properties—
8.3 Follow the distance between the jaws or the difference
General. This test method was developed in cooperation with theAmerican Leather
between bench marks with the dividers until the load at which
Chemists Assn.
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally
the elongation is desired has been reached. Take all measure-
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D2211 – 00. DOI:
ments between the inner edges of the jaws or between the inner
10.1520/D2211-00R05.
2 edges of the bench marks. Measure the distance between the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
points of the legs of the dividers to the nearest 0.02 in. (0.5
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2211–00 (2005)
mm). An autographic attachment is preferred for determining 11.1.1 One Operator, Duplicate Specimens, Same Skin or
the elongation. With thi
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D7340-07(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Thermal Conductivity of Leather

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Part of the function of a shoe is to assist the foot in maintaining body temperature and to guard against large heat changes. The insulating property of a material used in shoe construction is dependent on porosity or the amount of air spaces present. A good insulating material has a low thermal conductivity value, k. The thermal conductivity value increases with an increase in moisture content since the k value for water is high, 0.0014 cal/s cm · °C (0.59 W/m·K).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to determine the thermal conductivity of a sheet material. This practice is not limited to leather, but may be used for any poorly conductive material such as rubber, textile and cork associated with the construction of shoes.  
1.2 A constant heat source is sandwiched between two identical metal cylinders which are mounted with their axes vertical. A test specimen is placed on the top surface of the upper cylinder and a third identical metal cylinder is placed on top of the test specimen so that all the cylinders and the test specimen are concentrically aligned (see Fig. 1). The heat source is switched on and the temperatures of the three blocks allowed to reach equilibrium. The thermal conductivity of the test specimen is then determined from the steady-state temperatures of the three blocks, the exposed surface areas of the blocks and test specimen and the thickness of the test specimen.
FIG. 1 SATRA Lees' Disc Thermal Conductivity Apparatus  
1.3 This practice does not apply to wet blue.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6016-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Nitrogen, Water Extractable in Leather

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method provides the means to determine nitrogen containing water extractable materials such as excess and loosely bound tannins, ammonium salts, and nitrates.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitatively determining the water extractable nitrogen in leather.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3495-10(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hexane Extraction of Leather

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method measures the amount of hexane-soluble lubricant present in all types of leather. Adequate lubrication prevents abrasion of leather fibers during flexing. This lubrication is generally obtained from the fat liquor added at the tannery. Some lubrication is also obtained from natural grease produced during the life of the animal.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative extraction of all types of leather with hexane. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8042-18(2023)(Test Method)
Test Method for Shrinkage Temperature of Wet Blue and Wet White

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to determine the temperature at which the Wet Blue or Wet White specimen experiences shrinkage. In this test method, shrinkage occurs as a result of hydrothermal denaturation of the collagen protein molecules which make up the fiber structure of the Wet Blue or Wet White. The shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is influenced by many different factors, most of which appear to affect the number and nature of crosslinking interactions between adjacent polypeptide chains of the collagen protein molecules. The value of the shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is commonly used as an indicator of the type of tannage or the degree of tannage, or both, of that particular Wet Blue or Wet White (especially for the more hydrothermally stable tannages such as chrome tannage).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shrinkage temperature of all types of Wet Blue and Wet White. The heating medium is water when the shrinkage temperature is at or below 98 °C. The heating medium is a glycerine-water solution when the shrinkage temperature is above 98 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4655-95(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfates in Leather (Total, Neutral, and Combined Acid)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods are used to determine the basicity of leather when used in accordance with Test Method D4654.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are intended for use in determining the total, neutral, and combined acid sulfate in mineral-tanned leather.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5053-03(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Colorfastness of Crocking of Leather

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use on any type of leather.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of color that may be transferred from leather to other surfaces by rubbing under wet (damp) or dry conditions, or both. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5552-10(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Resistance of Colored Leather to Bleeding

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Bleed resistance is considered to be an important characteristic in leather used to make lined and unlined items that may come in contact with water.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of colored leather to bleeding. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use on finished upper leather for shoes or similar end use, or the leather article such as shoe, handbag, etc.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1913-00(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Resistance to Wetting of Garment-Type Leathers (Spray Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The procedure is intended primarily to evaluate garment-type leathers. The test method is qualitative and measures the surface-water repellency or surface-water resistance only. It is not intended for use in determining resistance to water penetration. A visual means is given to evaluate the relative effects of materials showing water repellency, but no comparison is possible with conditions found in actual use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative evaluation of the surface repellency to water of garment-type leathers. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values shown in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6014-00(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Dynamic Water Absorption of Leather Surfaces

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method may be used to measure the effectiveness of water resistant treatments of light leathers such as glove and garment leather that have no finish. It can also be used to measure the water absorption capacity of insole materials thus providing a gauge for predicting foot comfort or discomfort.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determining the degree of wettability of a leather surface. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2322-14(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather to Artificial Perspiration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method gives an indication of the serviceability of shoe upper leather in actual wear.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effect of perspiration on shoe upper leather. The leather is subjected to treatment with a formulation of artificial perspiration specific for breakdown of leather. Resistance to grain cracking as measured in accordance with Test Method D2210 and area loss are used as the criterion of deterioration. The artificial perspiration may also affect the flexibility of the leather. However, these effects have not been fully evaluated as criteria of deterioration in this test method. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off