ASTM D2035-13

Standard Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice permits the evaluation of various coagulants and coagulant aids used in the treatment of water and waste water for the same water and the same experimental conditions.  
5.2 The effects of concentration of the coagulants and coagulant aids and their order of addition can also be evaluated by this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a general procedure for the evaluation of a treatment to reduce dissolved, suspended, colloidal, and nonsettleable matter from water by chemical coagulation-flocculation, followed by gravity settling. The procedure may be used to evaluate color, turbidity, and hardness reduction.  
1.2 The practice provides a systematic evaluation of the variables normally encountered in the coagulation-flocculation process.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2012
• ICS: 13.060.30 - Sewage water
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2035-08 - Standard Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2013
• Replaced By: ASTM D2035-19 - Standard Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D4188-17 - Standard Practice for Performing Pressure In-Line Coagulation-Flocculation-Filtration Test in Water
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D6161-19 - Standard Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2035 − 13
Standard Practice for
1
Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Practice
1.1 This practice covers a general procedure for the evalu- 4.1 The coagulation-flocculation test is carried out to deter-
ation of a treatment to reduce dissolved, suspended, colloidal, mine the chemicals, dosages, and conditions required to
and nonsettleable matter from water by chemical coagulation- achieve optimum results. The primary variables to be investi-
flocculation, followed by gravity settling. The procedure may gated using the recommended practice include, but are not
be used to evaluate color, turbidity, and hardness reduction. limited to:
4.1.1 Chemical additives,
1.2 The practice provides a systematic evaluation of the
4.1.2 pH,
variables normally encountered in the coagulation-flocculation
4.1.3 Temperature, and
process.
4.1.4 Order of addition and mixing conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard.
5. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
5.1 This practice permits the evaluation of various coagu-
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
lants and coagulant aids used in the treatment of water and
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
waste water for the same water and the same experimental
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
conditions.
limitations prior to use.
5.2 The effects of concentration of the coagulants and
coagulant aids and their order of addition can also be evaluated
2. Referenced Documents
by this practice.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water 6. Interferences
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
6.1 Therearesomepossibleinterferencesthatmaymakethe
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
determination of optimum jar test conditions difficult. These
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
include the following:
D6855 Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Below 5
6.1.1 Temperature Change (During Test)—Thermal or con-
NTU in Static Mode
vection currents may occur, interfering with the settling of
D7315 Test Method for Determination of TurbidityAbove 1
coagulated particles. This can be prevented by temperature
Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode
control.
6.1.2 Gas Release (During Test)—Flotation of coagulated
3. Terminology
floc may occur due to gas bubble formation caused by
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this mechanicalagitator,temperatureincreaseorchemicalreaction.
practice, refer to Terminology D1129.
6.1.3 Testing-Period— Biological activity or other factors
may alter the coagulation characteristics of water upon pro-
longed standing. For this reason the period between sampling
and testing should be kept to a minimum, with the time being
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
recorded.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
7. Apparatus
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Published February 2013. Originally
7.1 Multiple Stirrer— A multiposition stirrer with continu-
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2035 –08. DOI:
10.1520/D2035-13.
ous speed variation from about 20 to 150 rpm should be used.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
The stirring paddles should be of light gage corrosion-resistant
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
material all of the same configuration and size.An illuminated
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. base is useful to observe the floc formation. Precautionary
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2035 − 13
FIG. 1 Reagent Rack for Multiple Stirrer Jar Test Apparatus
measures should be taken to avoid heat being imparted by the
Prime Coagulants
Alum[Al (SO ) ·18H O]
illumination system which may counteract normal settling. 2 4 3 2
Ferric sulfate [Fe (SO ) ·xH O]
2 4 3 2
7.2 Jars (or Beakers), all of the same size and shape; Ferric chloride (FeCl ·6H O)
3 2
Ferrous sulfate (FeSO ·7H O)
4 2
1500-mLGriffinbeakersmaybeused(1000-mLr
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2035 − 08 D2035 − 13
Standard Practice for
1
Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers a general procedure for the evaluation of a treatment to reduce dissolved, suspended, colloidal, and
nonsettleable matter from water by chemical coagulation-flocculation, followed by gravity settling. The procedure may be used to
evaluate color, turbidity, and hardness reduction.
1.2 The practice provides a systematic evaluation of the variables normally encountered in the coagulation-flocculation process.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D6855 Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Below 5 NTU in Static Mode
D7315 Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D1129.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The coagulation-flocculation test is carried out to determine the chemicals, dosages, and conditions required to achieve
optimum results. The primary variables to be investigated using the recommended practice include, but are not limited to:
4.1.1 Chemical additives,
4.1.2 pH,
4.1.3 Temperature, and
4.1.4 Order of addition and mixing conditions.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice permits the evaluation of various coagulants and coagulant aids used in the treatment of water and waste water
for the same water and the same experimental conditions.
5.2 The effects of concentration of the coagulants and coagulant aids and their order of addition can also be evaluated by this
practice.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and Water-Formed
Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008Jan. 1, 2013. Published May 2008 February 2013. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
D2035 – 80 (2003).D2035 –08. DOI: 10.1520/D2035-08.10.1520/D2035-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2035 − 13
FIG. 1 Reagent Rack for Multiple Stirrer Jar Test Apparatus
6. Interferences
6.1 There are some possible interferences that may make the determination of optimum jar test conditions difficult. These
include the following:
6.1.1 Temperature Change (During Test)—Thermal or convection currents may occur, interfering with the settling of coagulated
particles. This can be prevented by temperature control.
6.1.2 Gas Release (During Test)—Flotation of coagulated floc may occur due to gas bubble formation caused by mechanical
agitator, temperature increase or chemical reaction.
6.1.3 Testing-Period— Biological activity or other factors may alter the coagulation characteristics of water upon prolonged
standing. For this reason the period between sampling and testing should be kept to a minimum, with the time being recorded.
7. Apparatus
7.1 Multiple Stirrer— A multiposition stirrer with continuous speed variation from about 20 to 150 rpm should be used. The
stirring paddles should be of light gage corrosion-resistant material all of the same configuration and size. An illuminated base is
useful to observe the floc formation. Precautionary measures should
...