ASTM E2267-03
(Guide)Standard Guide for Specifying and Evaluating Performance of Single Family Attached and Detached Dwellings-Indoor Air Quality
Standard Guide for Specifying and Evaluating Performance of Single Family Attached and Detached Dwellings-Indoor Air Quality
SCOPE
1.1 This guide contains suggested performance statements for single family residential buildings (attached and detached) that address indoor air quality performance including indoor air pollution and thermal comfort. These performance statements are not presented as proposed requirements, but are written in permissive language as suggestions that can be used in developing specifications to satisfy user needs.
1.2 This standard guide does not address other aspects of the indoor environment such as lighting and acoustics.
1.3 Performance statements addressing building ventilation and ventilation rates are also included in the standard, since it is premature to base performance only on indoor air pollution, that is, airborne contaminant concentrations. When health authorities have established contaminant concentration limits for residential environments, it may be possible to define indoor air quality performance in terms of contaminant concentrations rather than ventilation.
1.4 This standard guide is one in a series of guides containing performance statements for residential buildings that are intended for use in the procurement, specification and evaluation of one- and two-family dwellings. These companion standard guides include those noted in the Introduction above.
1.5 This standard guide also addresses a number of residential indoor air quality issues that can not be expressed as performance statements at this time. However, they are important enough to include in this guide to at least raise the awareness of those involved in the process of procurement, specification and evaluation. These issues are addressed in .
1.6 This standard guide does not include site planning objectives. However, certain issues addressing the relationship of building to site have been covered, and it is important that these few objectives not be construed as a comprehensive site specification.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: E 2267 – 03
Standard Guide for
Specifying and Evaluating Performance of Single Family
Attached and Detached Dwellings—Indoor Air Quality
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2267; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This standard guide is part of a set which together presents a complete performance standard guide
for specifying and evaluating single family attached and detached dwellings. The complete set in the
series, when finished, is to include the attributes given in Table 1.
The series provides a framework for specifying and evaluating qualities of building products and
systems to meet user needs without limiting ways and means. The format for this standard guide
includes performance statements that consist of four components (Objectives-Criteria-Evaluation-
Commentary) which together provide a systematic performance based approach for the intended
purpose. These performance statements are presented in Section 8 against a Hierarchy of Building
Elements as tabulated in Table 2.
The purpose of these standard guides is to provide a standardized system for describing performance
parameters of single-family attached or detached dwellings. This system standardizes the descriptions
of performance of a single-family dwelling, attached or detached, that can be expressed as
performance statements (O-C-E-C) for a particular attribute, agent, and user need.
These standard guides are intended for use by those who need to prescribe required levels of
performance and those who need to rate a product which forms a single-family dwelling or part
thereof. The standard guides include examples of performance statements that may be used for the
specification and evaluation of design, materials, products, components, subsystems, and systems.
TABLE 1 Attributes Addressed in the Series of Performance
that address indoor air quality performance including indoor air
Standards for Single Family Attached and Detached Dwellings
pollution and thermal comfort. These performance statements
A Structural Safety and Serviceability
are not presented as proposed requirements, but are written in
B Fire Safety
permissive language as suggestions that can be used in
C Accident Safety
D Health and Hygiene developing specifications to satisfy user needs.
E Indoor Air Quality
1.2 This standard guide does not address other aspects of the
F Light
indoor environment such as lighting and acoustics.
G Acoustics
1.3 Performance statements addressing building ventilation
H Durability
I Accessibility
and ventilation rates are also included in the standard, since it
J Security
is premature to base performance only on indoor air pollution,
K Economics
L Functionality that is, airborne contaminant concentrations. When health
M Aesthetics
authorities have established contaminant concentration limits
N Adaptability
for residential environments, it may be possible to define
O Maintainability
P Sustainability indoor air quality performance in terms of contaminant con-
centrations rather than ventilation.
1.4 This standard guide is one in a series of guides contain-
1. Scope
ing performance statements for residential buildings that are
1.1 This guide contains suggested performance statements
intended for use in the procurement, specification and evalua-
for single family residential buildings (attached and detached)
tion of one- and two-family dwellings. These companion
standard guides include those noted in the Introduction above.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance
of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.66 on Perfor-
mance Standards for Dwellings.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2003. Published December 2003.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E2267–03
TABLE 2 Hierarchy of Building Elements Included in the Series TABLE 2 (continued)
of Performance Standards for Single Family Attached and
Detached Dwellings
9. Communication and Security Networks
9.1 Telephone
9.2 Intercom
0. Whole Building System
9.3 Television
0.1 All Building Subsystems
9.4 Security
0.2 Groups of Building Subsystems
9.5 Other
1. Spaces
10. Fuel Networks
1.1 Entries
10.1 Gas
1.2 Living Spaces
10.2 Oil
1.3 Dining Spaces
10.3 Other
1.4 Kitchens
11. Fittings, Furnishings and Equipment
1.5 Sleeping Spaces
1.6 Bathrooms
1.7 Water Closets
1.8 Outdoor Living Spaces
1.9 Storage Spaces
1.5 This standard guide also addresses a number of residen-
1.10 Other
tial indoor air quality issues that can not be expressed as
2. Structure
performance statements at this time. However, they are impor-
2.1 Foundation
2.2 Superstructure
tant enough to include in this guide to at least raise the
3. Exterior Enclosure
awareness of those involved in the process of procurement,
3.1 Grade Enclosure
specification and evaluation. These issues are addressed in 8.3.
3.1.1 Floor on Grade
3.1.2 Floor over Air Space
1.6 This standard guide does not include site planning
3.1.3 Other
objectives. However, certain issues addressing the relationship
3.2 Vertical and Sloped Enclosure
3.2.1 Walls of building to site have been covered, and it is important that
3.2.2 Windows
these few objectives not be construed as a comprehensive site
3.2.3 Doors
specification.
3.2.4 Other (e.g., railings, louvers, screens, etc.)
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3 Roofs
3.3.1 Roof Coverings
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.3.2 Skylights
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.3.3 Other Roof Openings
3.4 Joint Sealants priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Interior Space Division
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
4.1 Vertical Space Dividers
4.1.1 Partitions
2. Referenced Documents
4.1.2 Doors
4.1.3 Other 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Horizontal Space Dividers
D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
4.2.1 Floors
4.2.2 Ceilings
Atmospheres
4.2.3 Floor/Ceiling Openings
D 5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-
4.2.4 Other
terminations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/
4.3 Stairs and Ramps
5. Plumbing
Products
5.1 Plumbing Fixtures
E 241 Practices for Increasing Durability of Building Con-
5.2 Domestic Water Distribution
structions Against Water-Induced Damage
5.3 Sanitary Waste
5.4 Rain Water Drainage
E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions
6. HVAC
E 779 Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by
6.1 Heating
Fan Pressurization
6.1.1 Heating Generation
6.1.2 Heating Distribution
E 1465 Guide for Radon Control Options for the Design
6.1.3 Heating Terminal and Package Units
and Construction of New Low Rise Residential Buildings
6.1.4 Heating Controls and Instrumentation
E 1554 Test Methods for Determining External Air Leakage
6.2 Cooling
6.2.1 Cooling Generation
of Air Distribution Systems by Fan Pressurization
6.2.2 Cooling Distribution
E 1998 Guide for Assessing Depressurization-Induced
6.2.3 Cooling Terminal and Package Units
Backdrafting and Spillage from Vented Combustion Appli-
6.2.4 Cooling Controls and Instrumentation
6.3 Ventilation
ances
6.3.1 Ventilation Distribution
E 2156 Guide for Evaluating Economic Performance of
6.3.2 Ventilation Terminal and Package Units
Alternative Designs, Systems, and Materials in Compli-
6.3.4 Ventilation Controls and Instrumentation
7. Fire Protection Subsystems
ance with Performance Standard Guides for Single-Family
7.1 Suppression Systems
Attached and Detached Dwellings
7.2 Detection Systems
2.2 Non-ASTM Standards:
7.3 Notification Systems
7.4 Fire Protection Specialties
8. Electrical Network
8.1 Electrical Service and Distribution
8.2 Lighting and Branch Wiring For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
E2267–03
ASHRAE Standard 52.2 Method of Testing General Venti- 3.2.3 thermal comfort, n—the condition of mind that ex-
lation Air-Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by presses satisfaction with the thermal environment; it requires
Particle Size subjective evaluation.
ASHRAE Standard 55 Thermal Environmental Conditions 3.2.4 ventilation, n—the process of supplying outdoor air or
for Human Occupancy removing indoor air by natural or mechanical means to or from
any space.
ASHRAE Standard 62 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor
Air Quality 3.2.5 performance statement, n—an essential part of a
performance standard that addresses a specific attribute in
ASHRAE Standard 111 Practices for Measurement, Testing,
terms of an element in a hierarchy of built elements, and
Adjusting, and Balancing of Building Heating, Ventila-
consists of four related parts: objective, criteria, evaluation,
tion, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration Systems
and commentary.
ASHRAE Standard 129 Measuring Air Change Effective-
3.2.5.1 objective, n—the first part of a performance state-
ness
ment, consisting of a qualitative statement of the performance
ASHRAE Standard 136 A Method of Determining Air
to be provided by the built element being addressed in order to
Change Rates in Detached Dwellings
satisfy a particular user need.
ICC International Fuel Gas Code
3.2.5.2 criteria, n—the second part of a performance state-
ISO 7730 Moderate Thermal Environments, Determination
ment, consisting of quantitative statements defining the level or
of the PMV and PPD Indices and Specification of the
range of performance necessary to meet an objective or, where
Conditions for Thermal Comfort
such a level or range cannot be established, the units of
NFPA 54 National Fuel Gas Code
measurement of the performance.
NFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code
3.2.5.3 evaluation, n—the third part of a performance state-
2.3 Other References:
ment, consisting of the method(s) of assessing conformance of
ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook 2001
the element being addressed to the criteria.
Moisture Control in Buildings, ASTM Manual Series, MNL
3.2.5.4 Discussion—The evaluation states standards, in-
18, 1994
spection methods, review procedures, historical documenta-
Burch, D. M., Chi, J., 1997, MOIST: A PC Program for
tion, test methods, in-use performance, engineering analyses,
Predicting Heat and Moisture Transfer in Building Enve-
models, or other means that may be used in assessing whether
lopes. Version 3.0. NIST SP 917, National Institute of
or not a criterion has been satisfied.
Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
3.2.5.5 commentary, n—the fourth part of a performance
ORNL/CON-295 Carmody, J., Christian, J., Labs, K., 1991,
statement, consisting of an informative narrative explaining
Builder’s Foundation Handbook, Oak Ridge National
aspects of the performance statement.
Laboratory
3.2.5.6 Discussion—A commentary may include one or
EPA, 1992, Indoor Radon and Radon Decay Product Mea-
more of the following: an explanation of how the objective
surement Device Protocols, EPA 402-R-92-004
relates to user needs in fields such as physiology, psychology,
Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability
and culture or tradition; an explanation of how the criteria are
(BEES) 3.0, National Institute of Standards And Technol-
established including guides for setting different levels of
ogy, NISTIR 6916 National Institute of Standards and
performance to meet various user needs; a discussion of the
Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
reliability of the evaluation method; and example solutions that
2003 International Residential Code, International Code may be deemed by the specifier to comply with the perfor-
Council mance statement.
3.2.6 provider, n—the individual or organization providing
3. Terminology
specific designs, materials, products, components, subsystems,
or buildings for acceptance by the specifier.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this stan-
3.2.7 specifier, n—the individual or organization using the
dard guide refer to Terminologies E 631 and D 1356.
standard guides to create specifications and ultimately accept
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
dwelling designs, materials, products, components, sub-
3.2.1 indoor air pollution, n—the level of air pollution in an
systems, or buildings to be provided by providers.
enclosed environment.
3.2.8 systems integrator, n—the individual or organization
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Based on the definition of air pollution
within a provider who is responsible for responding to perfor-
in D 1356, indoor air pollution relates to the concentrations of
mance statements at the highest level of the hierarchy of built
unwanted material in the air.
elements and for assigning the responsibility for responding to
3.2.2 indoor air quality, n—the composition and character-
performance statements at lower levels to others, such as
istics of the air in an enclosed space that affect the occupants of
subcontractors, suppliers, or product manufacturers.
that space.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The indoor air quality of a space is 3.2.9 user need, n—a statement of the activities and behav-
determined by the level of indoor air pollution and other ior to be carried out in relation to the dwelling by its residents,
characteristics of the air, including those that impact thermal or other users, defined in terms of motor, kinetic, physiological,
comfort such as air temperature, relative humidity and air psychological, emotional and other parameters of human
speed. behavior.
E2267–03
4. Significance and Use 5.3.1 The thermal environment within a space is another
important aspect of indoor air quality. The thermal conditions
4.1 General Purpose and Intent:
in a space, and the reaction of building occupants to these
4.1.1 This standard guide is to provide a standardized
conditions, are determined by a combination of physical and
system for describing performance parameters of single-family
personal factors. The physical factors include the air tempera-
attached and detached dwellings. The use of consensus perfor-
ture, relative humidity, air speed, and radiant temperatures of
mance standards for housing, can significantly contribute to the
indoor surfaces. The personal factors include clothing levels,
removal of barriers to the acceptance of traditional and
physical activity and persona
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