ASTM E1868-10(2015)

Standard Test Methods for Loss-On-Drying by Thermogravimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are used to estimate the amount of volatile materials present in a material.  
5.2 These test methods are useful for design purposes, service evaluation, regulatory statutes, manufacturing control, quality control, specification acceptance, development, and research.  
5.3 The results obtained by these test methods may be equivalent to those obtained by other test methods and may be known by other terms in their respective fields. Other tests and terms encountered include loss-on-heating (see Footnote 5 and Test Methods D6, D2288, and E359); heating loss (see Test Method D1509); evaporative loss (see Test Method D2595); volatile organic carbon, moisture, or water (see Test Methods D2216 and D3175); volatility (see Test Method D4893); highly volatile matter (see Test Method E897); and volatile content (see Guide D2832).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe a procedure for determining the amount of volatile matter of any kind that is driven off from a test specimen under a specific set of temperature and time conditions. These test methods determine only the mass of material lost, not its identity.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable to a wide variety of solid or liquid materials, mixtures, or blends where the major component is stable at the test temperature.
Note 1: These test methods can be applied to the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) content in metalworking fluids and direct contact lubricants subject to South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1144.  
1.3 The applicable temperature range for these test methods are generally between ambient temperature and 1000°C.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 There is no ISO method equivalent to this test standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2015
• ICS: 71.040.40 - Chemical analysis
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.01 - Calorimetry and Mass Loss

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1868 − 10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Loss-On-Drying by Thermogravimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D2288 Test Method for Weight Loss of Plasticizers on
1.1 Thesetestmethodsdescribeaprocedurefordetermining
3
Heating (Withdrawn 2010)
theamountofvolatilematterofanykindthatisdrivenofffrom
D2595 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating
a test specimen under a specific set of temperature and time
Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range
conditions. These test methods determine only the mass of
D2832 GuideforDeterminingVolatileandNonvolatileCon-
material lost, not its identity.
tent of Paint and Related Coatings
1.2 These test methods are applicable to a wide variety of
D3175 Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis
solid or liquid materials, mixtures, or blends where the major
Sample of Coal and Coke
component is stable at the test temperature.
D4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials
NOTE 1—These test methods can be applied to the analysis of volatile
by Karl Fischer Method
organic compounds (VOC) content in metalworking fluids and direct
D4893 Test Method for Determination of Pitch Volatility
contactlubricantssubjecttoSouthCoastAirQualityManagementDistrict
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
(SCAQMD) Rule 1144.
ASTM Test Methods
1.3 The applicable temperature range for these test methods
E359 Test Methods for Analysis of Soda Ash (Sodium
are generally between ambient temperature and 1000°C.
Carbonate)
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
ology
standard.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.5 There is no ISO method equivalent to this test standard.
E897 TestMethodforVolatileMatterintheAnalysisSample
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3
of Refuse-Derived Fuel (Withdrawn 2011)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E1582 Practice for Calibration of Temperature Scale for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Thermogravimetry
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E1860 Test Method for Elapsed Time Calibration of Ther-
mal Analyzers
2. Referenced Documents
E2040 Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermo-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
gravimetric Analyzers
D6 Test Method for Loss on Heating of Oil and Asphaltic
4
2.2 SCAQMD Documents:
Compounds
Rule 1144 Metalworking Fluids and Direct-Contact Lubri-
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
cants
and Related Products
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
3. Terminology
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Specific technical terms used in this test method are
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on defined in Terminology E473 and Terminology E1142, includ-
Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on
ing thermogravimetry, thermogravimetric analyzer,
Calorimetry and Mass Loss.
repeatability, and reproducibility.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originally
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1868 – 10. DOI:
10.1520/E1868-10R15.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD),
the ASTM website. 21865 Copley Drive, Diamond Bar, CA, 91765, http://aqmd.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E1868 − 10 (2015)
4. Summary of Test Method 7. Apparatus
4.1 A specimen of known mass is heated at a constant 7.1 Thermogravimetric Analyzer, capable of continuously
recordingspecimenmassandtemperatureasafunctionoftime
temperature while its mass is continuously measured as a
function of time.At the end of a pre-determined time interval, c
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1868 − 10 E1868 − 10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test MethodMethods for
1
Loss-On-Drying by Thermogravimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 ThisThese test method describesmethods describe a procedure for determining the amount of volatile matter of any kind that
is driven off from a test specimen under a specific set of temperature and time conditions. ThisThese test method
determinesmethods determine only the mass of material lost, not its identity.
1.2 ThisThese test method ismethods are applicable to a wide variety of solid or liquid materials, mixtures, or blends where the
major component is stable at the test temperature.
NOTE 1—ThisThese test methodmethods can be applied to the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) content in metalworking fluids and direct
contact lubricants subject to South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1144.
1.3 The applicable temperature range for thisthese test method ismethods are generally between ambient temperature and
1000°C.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 There is no ISO method equivalent to this test standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D6 Test Method for Loss on Heating of Oil and Asphaltic Compounds
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
3
D2288 Test Method for Weight Loss of Plasticizers on Heating (Withdrawn 2010)
D2595 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range
D2832 Guide for Determining Volatile and Nonvolatile Content of Paint and Related Coatings
D3175 Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
D4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials by Karl Fischer Method
D4893 Test Method for Determination of Pitch Volatility
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E359 Test Methods for Analysis of Soda Ash (Sodium Carbonate)
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3
E897 Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel (Withdrawn 2011)
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1582 Practice for Calibration of Temperature Scale for Thermogravimetry
E1860 Test Method for Elapsed Time Calibration of Thermal Analyzers
1
ThisThese test method ismethods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01
on Calorimetry and Mass Loss.
Current edition approved July 1, 2010May 1, 2015. Published August 2010May 2015. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 as
E1868 – 09.E1868 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/E1868-10.10.1520/E1868-10R15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1868 − 10 (2015)
E2040 Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
4
2.2 SCAQMD Documents:
Rule 1144 Metalworking Fluids and Direct-Contact Lubricants
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Specific technical terms used in this test method are defined in Terminology E473 and Terminology E1142,
includeincluding thermogravimetry, thermogravimetric analyzer, repeatability, a
...