ASTM E2247-23
(Practice)Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process for Forestland or Rural Property
Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process for Forestland or Rural Property
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Uses—This practice is intended for use on a voluntary basis by parties who wish to assess the environmental condition of forestland or rural property taking into account commonly known and reasonably ascertainable information. While use of this practice is intended to constitute all appropriate inquiries for purposes of the LLPs, it is not intended that its use be limited to that purpose. This practice is intended primarily as an approach to conducting an inquiry designed to identify recognized environmental conditions in connection with a subject property. No implication is intended that a person shall use this practice in order to be deemed to have conducted inquiry in a commercially prudent or reasonable manner in any particular transaction. Nevertheless, this practice is intended to reflect good commercial and customary practice. (See 1.5.)
4.2 Clarifications on Use:
4.2.1 Use Not Limited to CERCLA—This practice is designed to assist the user in developing information about the environmental condition of a subject property and as such, has utility for a wide range of persons, including those who may have no actual or potential CERCLA liability and/or may not be seeking the LLPs.
4.2.2 Residential Occupants/Lessees/Purchasers and Others—No implication is intended that it is currently customary practice for residential occupants/lessees of multifamily residential buildings, occupants/lessees of single-family homes or other residential real estate, or purchasers of dwellings for one's own residential use, to conduct an environmental site assessment in connection with these transactions. Thus, these transactions are not included in the term forestland or rural property transactions, and it is not intended to imply that such persons are obligated to conduct an environmental site assessment in connection with these transactions for purposes of all appropriate inquiries or for any other purpose.
4.2.3 Site-specific—This practice is site-specific in tha...
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this practice is to provide an alternative method to ASTM E1527 for good commercial and customary practices in the United States of America for conducting a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment2 of forestland or rural property with respect to the range of contaminants within the scope of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and petroleum products. As such, this practice is intended to permit a user to satisfy one of the requirements to qualify for the innocent landowner, contiguous property owner, or bona fide prospective purchaser limitations on CERCLA liability (hereinafter, the “landowner liability protections,” or “LLPs”): that is, the practice that constitutes “all appropriate inquiries” into the previous ownership and uses of a property consistent with good commercial and customary standards and practices as defined at 42 U.S.C. §9601(35)(B). (See Appendix X1 for an outline of CERCLA's liability and defense provisions.) Controlled substances are not included within the scope of this standard. Persons conducting an environmental site assessment as part of an EPA Brownfields Assessment and Characterization Grant awarded under CERCLA 42 U.S.C. §9604(k)(2)(B) must include controlled substances as defined in the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. §802) within the scope of the assessment investigations to the extent directed in the terms and conditions of the specific grant or cooperative agreement. Additionally, an evaluation of business environmental risk (BER) associated with a parcel of commercial real estate may necessitate investigation beyond that identified in this practice (see 1.4 and Section 13).
1.1.1 Standard Practice Selection—The methodology included in this practice is an effective and practical process for achieving the objectives of a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment of forestland or rural property when some of the metho...
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2247 − 23
Standard Practice for
Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental
1
Site Assessment Process for Forestland or Rural Property
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2247; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope achieving the objectives of a Phase I Environmental Site
Assessment of forestland or rural property when some of the
1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this practice is to provide an
methodologies of ASTM E1527 are deemed to be impractical
alternative method to ASTM E1527 for good commercial and
or unnecessary due to the size or nature of the property. This
customary practices in the United States of America for
2
practice is intended to provide a more practical approach to
conducting a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment of
assess rural and forestland properties that are generally uni-
forestland or rural property with respect to the range of
form in use. A primary consideration in applying this practice
contaminants within the scope of the Comprehensive Environ-
instead of E1527 is the nature and extent of the property being
mental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)
assessed, as the typical environmental concerns, sources for
and petroleum products. As such, this practice is intended to
interviews and records, and the methodology used to perform
permit a user to satisfy one of the requirements to qualify for
the site reconnaissance may differ significantly. The property
the innocent landowner, contiguous property owner, or bona
to be assessed using this standard practice need not be
fide prospective purchaser limitations on CERCLA liability
contiguous and may contain isolated areas of non-forestland
(hereinafter, the “landowner liability protections,” or “LLPs”):
and non-rural property. Site reconnaissance of isolated areas
that is, the practice that constitutes “all appropriate inquiries”
of the property that include activities outside the definition of
into the previous ownership and uses of a property consistent
forestland or rural property should be addressed using meth-
with good commercial and customary standards and practices
odologies such as those provided in E1527, which may be
as defined at 42 U.S.C. §9601(35)(B). (See Appendix X1 for an
conducted and reported in conjunction with this practice, as
outline of CERCLA’s liability and defense provisions.) Con-
discussed in 4.5.3.
trolled substances are not included within the scope of this
standard. Persons conducting an environmental site assessment
1.1.2 Recognized Environmental Conditions—The goal of
as part of an EPA Brownfields Assessment and Characteriza-
the processes established by this practice is to identify recog-
tion Grant awarded under CERCLA 42 U.S.C. §9604(k)(2)(B)
nized environmental conditions. The term recognized environ-
must include controlled substances as defined in the Controlled
mental condition means (1) the presence of hazardous sub-
Substances Act (21 U.S.C. §802) within the scope of the
stances or petroleum products in, on, or at the subject property
assessment investigations to the extent directed in the terms
due to any release to the environment; (2) the likely presence
and conditions of the specific grant or cooperative agreement.
of hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or at the
Additionally, an evaluation of business environmental risk
subject property due to a release or likely release to the
(BER) associated with a parcel of commercial real estate may
environment; or (3) the presence of hazardous substances or
necessitate investigation beyond that identified in this practice
petroleum products in, on, or at the subject property under
(see 1.4 and Section 13).
conditions that pose a material threat of a future release to the
1.1.1 Standard Practice Selection—The methodology in-
environment. A de minimis condition is not a recognized
cluded in this practice is an effective and practical process for
environmental condition.
1.1.3 Related Standard Practices—This practice is closely
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environ- related to Standard Practice E1527. Standard Practice E1527 is
mental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct
an environmental site assessment for commercial real estate
responsibility of Subcommittee E50.02 on Real Estate Assessment and Manage-
(see 4.3).
ment.
Current edition approved N
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2247 − 16 E2247 − 23
Standard Practice for
Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental
1
Site Assessment Process for Forestland or Rural Property
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2247; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this practice is to provide an alternative method to ASTM E1527 for good commercial and
2
customary practicepractices in the United States of America for conducting a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment of forestland
or rural property with respect to the range of contaminants within the scope of the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and petroleum products. As such, this practice is intended to permit a user to satisfy
one of the requirements to qualify for the innocent landowner, contiguous propertycontiguous property owner, or bona fide
prospective purchaser limitations on CERCLA liability (hereinafter, the “landowner liability protections,” or “LLPs”): that is, the
practice that constitutes “all appropriate inquiries” into the previous ownership and uses of thea property consistent with good
commercial or customary practice” and customary standards and practices as defined at 42 U.S.C. §9601(35)(B). (See Appendix
X1 for an outline of CERCLA’s liability and defense provisions.) Controlled substances are not included within the scope of this
standard. Persons conducting an environmental site assessment as part of an EPA Brownfields Assessment and Characterization
Grant awarded under CERCLA 42 U.S.C. §9604(k)(2)(B) must include controlled substances as defined in the Controlled
Substances Act (21 U.S.C. §802) within the scope of the assessment investigations to the extent directed in the terms and conditions
of the specific grant or cooperative agreement. Additionally, an evaluation of business environmental risk (BER) associated with
a parcel of commercial real estate may necessitate investigation beyond that identified in this practice (see 1.4 and Section 13).
1.1.1 Standard Practice Selection—The methodology included in this practice is an effective and practical process for achieving
the objectives of a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment of forestland or rural property when some of the methodologies of
ASTM E1527 are deemed to be impractical or unnecessary due to the size or nature of the property. This practice is intended to
provide a more practical approach to assess rural and forestland properties that are generally uniform in use. A primary
consideration in applying this practice instead of E1527 is the nature and extent of the property being assessed, as the typical
environmental concerns, sources for interviews and records, and the methodology used to perform the site reconnaissance may
differ significantly. The property to be assessed using this standard practice need not be contiguous and may contain isolated areas
of non-forestland and non-rural property.Site reconnaissance of isolated areas of the property that include activities outside the
definition of forestland or rural property should be addressed using methodologies such as those provided in E1527-13,, which
may be conducted and reported in conjunction with this practice, as discussed in section 4.5.3.
1.1.2 Recognized Environmental Conditions—In defining a standard of good commercial and customary practice for conducting
an The environmental site assessment of a parcel of property, the goal of the processes established by this practice is to identify
recognized environmental conditions. The term recognized environmental conditionscondition means (1) the presence or likely
presence of any of hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or at athe subject property: (1)due to any release to the
environment; (2) under conditions indicativethe likely presence of hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or at the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee E50.02 on Real Estate Assessment and Management.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2023. Published January 2017December 2023. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20082016
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