ASTM A435/A435M-17
(Specification)Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates
Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard procedure and acceptance for straight-beam, pulse-echo, ultrasonic examination of rolled fully killed carbon and alloy steel plates. The equipment shall be of the pulse-echo straight beam type. Nondestructive examination of the material shall be conducted in an area free of operations that interfere with proper functioning of the equipment. The test shall be done by one of the following methods: direct contact, immersion, or liquid column coupling. Ultrasonic examination shall be made on either major surface of the plate. Grid scanning shall be continuous along perpendicular grid lines or shall be continuous along parallel paths, transverse to the major plate axis, or shall be continuous along parallel paths, parallel to the major plate axis, or smaller centers. Any discontinuity indication causing a total loss of back reflection which cannot be contained within a circle is unacceptable.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers the procedure and acceptance standards for straight-beam, pulse-echo, ultrasonic examination of rolled fully killed carbon and alloy steel plates, 1/2 in. [12.5 mm] and over in thickness. It was developed to assure delivery of steel plates free of gross internal discontinuities such as pipe, ruptures, or laminations and is to be used whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that the plates are to be subjected to ultrasonic examination.
1.2 Individuals performing examinations in accordance with this specification shall be qualified and certified in accordance with the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An equivalent standard is one which covers the qualification and certification of ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and which is acceptable to the purchaser.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A435/A435M −17
Standard Specification for
1
Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA435/A435M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
2
Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems
1.1 This specification covers the procedure and acceptance
without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
standards for straight-beam, pulse-echo, ultrasonic examina-
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
1
tion of rolled fully killed carbon and alloy steel plates, ⁄2 in.
E2491 Guide for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
[12.5 mm] and over in thickness. It was developed to assure
Phased-Array UltrasonicTesting Instruments and Systems
delivery of steel plates free of gross internal discontinuities
4
2.2 ASNT Documents:
such as pipe, ruptures, or laminations and is to be used
ASNT SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel
whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states
Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
that the plates are to be subjected to ultrasonic examination.
1.2 Individualsperformingexaminationsinaccordancewith
3. Terminology
this specification shall be qualified and certified in accordance
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to nonde-
with the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-
structive examinations used in this specification, refer to
TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An equivalent
Terminology E1316.
standard is one which covers the qualification and certification
of ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and which
4. Apparatus
is acceptable to the purchaser.
4.1 The manufacturer shall furnish suitable ultrasonic
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
equipment and qualified personnel necessary for performing
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
thetest.Theequipmentshallbeofthepulse-echostraightbeam
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
1
type. The transducer is normally 1 to 1 ⁄8 in. [25 to 30 mm] in
system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must
diameter or 1 in. [25 mm] square; however, any transducer
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
2 2
having a minimum active area of 0.7 in. [450 mm ] may be
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
used, including phased-array probes using an equivalent active
cation.
aperture. The test shall be performed by one of the following
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
methods: direct contact, immersion, or liquid column coupling.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2 Other search units may be used for evaluating and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
pinpointing indications.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.3 Vertical or horizontal linearity or both shall be checked
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
in accordance with Practice E317, Guide E2491, or another
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
procedure approved by the users of this specification. An
2. Referenced Documents
acceptable linearity performance may be agreed upon by the
3
manufacturer and purchaser.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Test Conditions
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
5.1 Conduct the examination in an area free of operations
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.11 on Steel Plates for Boilers and Pressure Vessels.
that interfere with proper functioning of the equipment.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originally
5.2 Clean and smooth the plate surface sufficiently to
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A435/
A435M – 90 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/A0435_A0435M-17.
maintain a reference back reflection from the opposite side of
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-
the plate at least 50 % of the full scale during scanning.
cations SA-435/SA-435M in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Documen
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A435/A435M − 90 (Reapproved 2012) A435/A435M − 17
Standard Specification for
1
Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A435/A435M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
2
1.1 This specification covers the procedure and acceptance standards for straight-beam, pulse-echo, ultrasonic examination of
1
rolled fully killed carbon and alloy steel plates, ⁄2 in. [12.5 mm] and over in thickness. It was developed to assure delivery of steel
plates free of gross internal discontinuities such as pipe, ruptures, or laminations and is to be used whenever the inquiry, contract,
order, or specification states that the plates are to be subjected to ultrasonic examination.
1.2 Individuals performing examinations in accordance with this specification shall be qualified and certified in accordance with
the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An equivalent standard is one which
covers the qualification and certification of ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and which is acceptable to the
purchaser.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units
are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems without the
Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2491 Guide for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Phased-Array Ultrasonic Testing Instruments and Systems
4
2.2 ASNT Documents:
ASNT SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
3. Apparatus
3.1 The manufacturer shall furnish suitable ultrasonic equipment and qualified personnel necessary for performing the test. The
1
equipment shall be of the pulse-echo straight beam type. The transducer is normally 1 to 1 ⁄8 in. [25 to 30 mm] in diameter or 1
2 2
in. [25 mm] square; however, any transducer having a minimum active area of 0.7 in. [450 mm ] may be used. The test shall be
performed by one of the following methods: direct contact, immersion, or liquid column coupling.
3.2 Other search units may be used for evaluating and pinpointing indications.
4. Test Conditions
4.1 Conduct the examination in an area free of operations that interfere with proper functioning of the equipment.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.11
on Steel Plates for Boilers and Pressure Vessels.
Current edition approved March 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2017. Published March 2012November 2017. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20072012
as A435/A435M – 90 (2007).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/A0435_A0435M-90R12.10.1520/A0435_A0435M-17.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifications SA-435/SA-435M in Section II of that Code. Available from American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://www.asme.org.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.https://
www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standar
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A435/A435M − 17
Standard Specification for
1
Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A435/A435M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
2 Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems
1.1 This specification covers the procedure and acceptance
without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
standards for straight-beam, pulse-echo, ultrasonic examina-
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
1
tion of rolled fully killed carbon and alloy steel plates, ⁄2 in.
E2491 Guide for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
[12.5 mm] and over in thickness. It was developed to assure
Phased-Array Ultrasonic Testing Instruments and Systems
delivery of steel plates free of gross internal discontinuities
4
2.2 ASNT Documents:
such as pipe, ruptures, or laminations and is to be used
ASNT SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel
whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states
Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
that the plates are to be subjected to ultrasonic examination.
1.2 Individuals performing examinations in accordance with
3. Terminology
this specification shall be qualified and certified in accordance
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to nonde-
with the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-
structive examinations used in this specification, refer to
TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An equivalent
Terminology E1316.
standard is one which covers the qualification and certification
of ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and which
4. Apparatus
is acceptable to the purchaser.
4.1 The manufacturer shall furnish suitable ultrasonic
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
equipment and qualified personnel necessary for performing
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
the test. The equipment shall be of the pulse-echo straight beam
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
1
type. The transducer is normally 1 to 1 ⁄8 in. [25 to 30 mm] in
system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must
diameter or 1 in. [25 mm] square; however, any transducer
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
2 2
having a minimum active area of 0.7 in. [450 mm ] may be
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
used, including phased-array probes using an equivalent active
cation.
aperture. The test shall be performed by one of the following
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
methods: direct contact, immersion, or liquid column coupling.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2 Other search units may be used for evaluating and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
pinpointing indications.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.3 Vertical or horizontal linearity or both shall be checked
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
in accordance with Practice E317, Guide E2491, or another
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
procedure approved by the users of this specification. An
2. Referenced Documents
acceptable linearity performance may be agreed upon by the
3
manufacturer and purchaser.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Test Conditions
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
5.1 Conduct the examination in an area free of operations
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.11 on Steel Plates for Boilers and Pressure Vessels.
that interfere with proper functioning of the equipment.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originally
5.2 Clean and smooth the plate surface sufficiently to
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A435/
A435M – 90 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/A0435_A0435M-17.
maintain a reference back reflection from the opposite side of
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-
the plate at least 50 % of the full scale during scanning.
cations SA-435/SA-435M in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box
the ASTM website. 28518,
...
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