ASTM E88-11
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in Cast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition
Standard Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in Cast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition (Note 1) of nonferrous metals and alloys, excluding aluminum, in cast form for remelting or mechanical working.
1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys.
Note 1—The selection of correct portions of material and the preparation of a representative sample from such portions are necessary prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the sample actually represents the average composition of the material from which it was selected.
1.2 When agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the heat sample and analysis may be accepted as representative of the composition of the metal. In such cases, each lot must be properly identified with the heats from which it was made.
1.3 This practice is intended to cover the general principles of sampling applicable to nonferrous metals in cast form and is not intended to supersede or replace existing specification requirements for sampling of a particular material.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E88 − 11
Standard Practice for
Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in Cast Form for
1
Determination of Chemical Composition
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E88; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
of chemical composition (Note 1) of nonferrous metals and
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
alloys, excluding aluminum, in cast form for remelting or
E255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for
mechanical working.
the Determination of Chemical Composition
1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—The selection of correct portions of material and the prepa-
ration of a representative sample from such portions are necessary
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the
Terminology E135.
sample actually represents the average composition of the material from
which it was selected.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 portion, n—the term “portion” is used in this practice
1.2 When agreed upon between the purchaser and the
to designate the selected ingots, slabs, etc., from which the
manufacturer, the heat sample and analysis may be accepted as
sample is prepared.
representative of the composition of the metal. In such cases,
3.2.2 sample, n—the term “sample” is used in this practice
each lot must be properly identified with the heats from which
to designate the final form of the material submitted for
it was made.
analysis (drillings, millings, etc.).Arepresentative sample may
1.3 This practice is intended to cover the general principles
best be defined as a small part containing the same components
of sampling applicable to nonferrous metals in cast form and is
in the same proportions as they occur in the relatively large
not intended to supersede or replace existing specification
mass of the original lot or lots of material.
requirements for sampling of a particular material.
4. Selection of Portion
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1 Aportionrepresentativeofthetotalshipmentorlotshall
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
be taken for sampling. This portion shall be so selected that a
only.
minimum wastage of material is incurred, consistent with the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
required accuracy in sampling.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 The number of ingots, slabs, etc., selected to constitute
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
this portion shall comply with the requirements of the ASTM
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
specifications covering that particular material.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Preparation of Sample
5.1 Machinable materials shall be sampled by drilling,
milling, or sawing. Materials that are too difficult to machine
may be ground or crushed.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical
Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee E01.05 on Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Sn, Be, theirAlloys, and Related Metals. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E88 – 91 (Reap- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
proved 2005). DOI: 10.1520/E0088-11. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E88−11
5.2 Machinable materials in form of bar, billet, ingot, slab, sample during contact. Lubricants should be completely re-
cake, etc., shall be sampled by drilling five holes approxi- moved as soon as possible after the sampling operation by the
1
mately 1.27 cm ( ⁄2 in.) in diameter at points equally spaced use of suitable solvents (such as ethyl ether, acetone, or
between the ends of the pieces along a diagonal line. The alcohol) and drying.
drilling shall be through the total thickn
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E88–91(Reapproved2005) Designation:E88–11
Standard Practice for
Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in Cast Form for
1
Determination of Chemical Composition
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E88; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition (Note 1) of nonferrous metals and alloys,
excluding aluminum, in cast form for remelting or mechanical working.
1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys.
NOTE 1—The selection of correct portions of material and the preparation of a representative sample from such portions are necessary prerequisites
to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the sample actually represents the average composition of the material from which it was selected.
1.2 When agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the heat sample and analysis may be accepted as
representative of the composition of the metal. In such cases, each lot must be properly identified with the heats from which it was
made.
1.3 This practice is intended to cover the general principles of sampling applicable to nonferrous metals in cast form and is not
intended to supersede or replace existing specification requirements for sampling of a particular material.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: ASTM Standards:
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for the Determination of Chemical Composition
3. Terminology
3.1
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology E135.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1
3.2.1 portion, n—the term “portion” is used in this practice to designate the selected ingots, slabs, etc., from which the sample
is prepared.
3.1.2
3.2.2 sample, n—the term “sample” is used in this practice to designate the final form of the material submitted for analysis
(drillings, millings, etc.).Arepresentative sample may best be defined as a small part containing the same components in the same
proportions as they occur in the relatively large mass of the original lot or lots of material.
4. Selection of Portion
4.1 A portion representative of the total shipment or lot shall be taken for sampling. This portion shall be so selected that a
minimum wastage of material is incurred, consistent with the required accuracy in sampling.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E01.05 on Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Sn, Be, their Alloys, and Related Metals.
Current edition approved Oct.May 1, 2005.2011. Published October 2005.June 2011. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 20012005 as
E88 – 91 (Reapproved 20015). DOI: 10.1520/E0088-91R05.10.1520/E0088-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E88–11
4.2 The number of ingots, slabs, etc., selected to constitute this portion shall comply with the requirements of the ASTM
specifications covering that particular material.
5. Preparation of Sample
5.1 Machinable materials shall be sampled by drilling, milling, or sawing. Materials that are too difficult to machine may be
ground or crushed.
5.2 Machinable materials in form of bar, billet, ingot, slab, cake, etc., shall be sampled by dri
...
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