ASTM D1929-16

Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-1996 are identical in all technical details.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2016
• ICS: 13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.30 - Thermal Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1929-14 - Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Replaced By: ASTM D1929-19 - Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E3020-22 - Standard Practice for Ignition Sources
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D7031-11(2019) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical and Physical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composite Products
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Referred By: ASTM E136-22 - Standard Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 °C
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D7032-21 - Standard Specification for Establishing Performance Ratings for Wood-Plastic Composite and Plastic Lumber Deck Boards, Stair Treads, Guards, and Handrails
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D4000-23 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Referred By: ASTM E2886/E2886M-20 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Ability of Exterior Vents to Resist the Entry of Embers and Direct Flame Impingement
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Referred By: ASTM F3214-23 - Standard Practice for Characterization of Fire Properties of Seating, Upholstery, and Padding Materials for Vehicles Associated with Amusement Rides and Devices
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Referred By: ASTM E2634-18(2022) - Standard Specification for Flat Wall Insulating Concrete Form (ICF) Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Referred By: ASTM F1870-22 - Standard Guide for Selection of Fire Test Methods for the Assessment of Upholstered Furnishings in Detention and Correctional Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D3841-21 - Standard Specification for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Plastic Panels
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D5319-22 - Standard Specification for Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polyester Wall and Ceiling Panels
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D635-22 - Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1929 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1929; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This fire test response test method covers a laboratory
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontane-
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
ous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.
4
2.2 International Standards:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ISO871-1996 Plastics—DeterminationofIgnitionTempera-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
ture Using a Hot-Air Furnace
standard.
ISO 5725 Precision of Test Methods—Determination of
Repeatability and Reproducibility for StandardTest Meth-
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or
ods by Interlaboratory Tests
vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be
IEC 584-2 Thermocouples—Part 2: Tolerances
hazardous to personnel.
3. Terminology
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to fire, seeTerminology
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
E176.
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
3.2.1 flash ignition temperature (FIT)—the minimum tem-
actual fire conditions.
perature at which, under specified test conditions, sufficient
flammable gases are emitted to ignite momentarily upon
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
application of a small external pilot flame.
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
3.2.2 glowing combustion—combustion of a material in the
conducting these tests.
solid phase without flame but with emission of light from the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
combustion zone, caused by slow decomposition and carbon-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ization at various points in the specimen, without general
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ignition occurring.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.3 spontaneous ignition temperature or self-ignition tem-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
perature (SIT)—the minimum temperature at which the self-
tionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
heating properties of the specimen lead to ignition or ignition
occurs of itself, under specified test conditions, in the absence
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO 871-1996 are identical in all
of any additional flame ignition source.
technical details.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Proper- considerable value in comparing the relative ignition charac-
ties.30.03).
teristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally
lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1929 – 14.
DOI:10.1520/D1929-16.
In 1996, this test method was totally revised to be technically equal to ISO
3
871-1996, and a specific air velocity is specified, which eliminates the need for For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approximations. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The following reference may be of interest in connection with this test method: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Stetchkin, N. P., “A Method and Apparatus for Determining the Ignition Charac- the ASTM website.
4
teristics of Plastics,” Journal of Research, National Institute of Standards and Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Technology, Vol 43, No. 6, December 1949 (RP 2052), p. 591. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D1929 − 16
material under th
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1929 − 14 D1929 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1929; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This fire test response test method covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous
ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous
to personnel.
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO 871-1996 are identical in all technical details.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
4
2.2 International Standards:
ISO 871-1996 Plastics—Determination of Ignition Temperature Using a Hot-Air Furnace
ISO 5725 Precision of Test Methods—Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility for Standard Test Methods by
Interlaboratory Tests
IEC 584-2 Thermocouples—Part 2: Tolerances
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to fire, see Terminology E176.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 flash ignition temperature (FIT)—the minimum temperature at which, under specified test conditions, sufficient flammable
gases are emitted to ignite momentarily upon application of a small external pilot flame.
3.2.2 glowing combustion—combustion of a material in the solid phase without flame but with emission of light from the
combustion zone, caused by slow decomposition and carbonization at various points in the specimen, without general ignition
occurring.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.30.03).
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014April 1, 2016. Published December 2014April 2016. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
D1929 – 13a.D1929 – 14. DOI:10.1520/D1929-14.DOI:10.1520/D1929-16.
In 1996, this test method was totally revised to be technically equal to ISO 871-1996, and a specific air velocity is specified, which eliminates the need for approximations.
2
The following reference may be of interest in connection with this test method: Stetchkin, N. P., “A Method and Apparatus for Determining the Ignition Characteristics
of Plastics,” Journal of Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Vol 43, No. 6, December 1949 (RP 2052), p. 591.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1929 − 16
3.2.3 spontaneous ignition temperature or self-ignition temperature (SIT)—the minimum temperature at which the self-heating
properties of the specimen lead to ignition or ignition occurs of itself, under specified test conditions, in the ab
...