ASTM G143-03(2013)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Web/Roller Friction Characteristics
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Web/Roller Friction Characteristics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to simulate the slip of a flexible web on a roller in a machine or tribosystem that conveys web materials. Flexible webs such as plastic sheeting, paper, elastomers, metal foils, and cloth are often transported in manufacturing processes by combinations of driving and idler rollers. The friction characteristics of the web/roller interface often affects the web transport process. If the web/roller friction is too low, the web can slip on the rollers and be damaged or damage the roller. High friction on the other hand, can lead to steering problems and overloading of driving motors.
5.2 This test method can be used to rank rollers for their ability to resist slip versus a particular web material (high friction). Conversely this test method can assess web materials or web surface coatings such as waxes and lubricants. In this latter case, the goal may be a low-friction product made from a web (film, magnetic media, paper, and so forth).
5.3 If a tribosystem involves transport of a flexible web on a roller, this is an appropriate test to use to measure the friction characteristics of the roller/web couple.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the simulation of a roller/web transport tribosystem and the measurement of the static and kinetic coefficient of friction of the web/roller couple when sliding occurs between the two. The objective of this test method is to provide users with web/roller friction information that can be used for process control, design calculations, and for any other function where web/roller friction needs to be known.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: G143 − 03 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
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Measurement of Web/Roller Friction Characteristics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope G115 Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coeffi-
cients
1.1 This test method covers the simulation of a roller/web
G117 Guide for Calculating and Reporting Measures of
transport tribosystem and the measurement of the static and
Precision Using Data from Interlaboratory Wear or Ero-
kinetic coefficient of friction of the web/roller couple when
sion Tests
sliding occurs between the two. The objective of this test
G163 Guide for Digital Data Acquisition in Wear and
method is to provide users with web/roller friction information
Friction Measurements
that can be used for process control, design calculations, and
for any other function where web/roller friction needs to be
3. Terminology
known.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.1 blocking, n—unintentional adhesion between plastic
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
films or between a film and another surface. D883
standard.
3.1.2 coeffıcient of friction, µ, n—in tribology—the dimen-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sionlessratioofthefrictionforce(F)betweentwobodiestothe
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
normal force (N) pressing these bodies together. G40
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.3 friction force, n—the resisting force tangential to the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
interface between two bodies when, under the action of
external force, one body moves or tends to move relative to the
2. Referenced Documents
other. G40
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 kinetic coeffıcient of friction, n—the coefficient of
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
friction under conditions of macroscopic relative motion be-
D1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of
tween two bodies. G40
Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
3.1.5 stick-slip, n—a cyclic fluctuation in the magnitudes of
D3108 Test Method for Coefficient of Friction,Yarn to Solid
friction force and relative velocity between two elements in
Material
sliding contact, usually associated with a relaxation oscillation
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
dependent on elasticity in the tribosystem and on a decrease of
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
the coefficient of friction with onset of sliding or with increase
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
of sliding velocity. G40
Lot or Process
3.1.5.1 Discussion—Classical or true stick-slip, in which
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
each cycle consists of a stage of actual stick followed by a
ASTM Test Methods
stage of overshoot slip, requires that the kinetic coefficient is
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
lower than the static coefficient.Amodified form of relaxation
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
oscillation, with near-harmonic fluctuation in motion, can
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
occur when the kinetic coefficient of friction decreases gradu-
ally with increasing velocity within a certain velocity range.A
1 third type of stick-slip can be due to spatial periodicity of the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear
and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.50 on Friction.
friction coefficient along the path of contact. Random varia-
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2013. Published November 2013. Originally
tions in friction force measurement do not constitute stick-slip.
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as G143–03(2009). DOI:
10.1520/G0143-03R13.
3.1.6 triboelement, n—one of two or more solid bodies
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
which comprise a sliding, rolling, or abrasive contact, or a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
body subjected to impingement or cavitation. G40
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 3.1.6.1 Discussion—Contacting triboelements may be in
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