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ASTM F1835-97(2023)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Cable Splicing Installations

Standard Guide for Cable Splicing Installations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Splicing of cables in the shipbuilding industry, both in Navy and commercial undertakings, has been concentrated in repair, conversion, or overhaul programs. However, many commercial industries, including aerospace and nuclear power, have standards defining cable splicing methods and materials that establish the quality of the splice to prevent loss of power or signal, ensure circuit continuity, and avoid potential catastrophic failures. This guide presents cable splicing techniques and hardware for application to commercial and Navy shipbuilding to support the concept of modular ship construction.  
4.2 This guide resulted from a study that evaluated the various methods of cable splicing, current technologies, prior studies and recommendations, performance testing, and the expertise of manufacturers and shipbuilders in actual cabling splicing techniques and procedures.  
4.3 The use of this guide by a shipbuilder will establish cabling splicing systems that are: simple and safe to install; waterproof; corrosion- and impact-resistant; industry accepted with multiple suppliers available; low-cost methods; and suitable for marine, Navy, and IEC cables.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides direction and recommends cable splicing materials and methods that would satisfy the requirements of extensive cable splicing in modular ship construction and offers sufficient information and data to assist the shipbuilder in evaluating this option of cable splicing for future ship construction.  
1.2 This guide deals with cable splicing at a generic level and details a method that will satisfy the vast majority of cable splicing applications.  
1.3 This guide covers acceptable methods of cable splicing used in shipboard cable systems and provides information on current applicable technologies and additional information that the shipbuilder may use in decision making for the cost effectiveness of splicing in electrical cable installations.  
1.4 This guide is limited to applications of 2000 V or less, but most of the materials and methods discussed are adaptable to higher voltages, such as 5-kV systems. The cables of this guide relate to all marine cables, domestic and foreign, commercial or U.S. Navy.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2023
ICS
29.120.20 - Connecting devices
Technical Committee
F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
Drafting Committee
F25.10 - Electrical
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1835-97(2018) - Standard Guide for Cable Splicing Installations
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023

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ASTM F1835-97(2023) - Standard Guide for Cable Splicing Installations
English language
11 pages
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1835 − 97 (Reapproved 2023) An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
1
Cable Splicing Installations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1835; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This guide provides direction and recommends cable 2.1 ASTM Standards:
splicing materials and methods that would satisfy the require- B8 Specification for Concentric-Lay-Stranded Copper
Conductors, Hard, Medium-Hard, or Soft
ments of extensive cable splicing in modular ship construction
and offers sufficient information and data to assist the ship- D2671 Test Methods for Heat-Shrinkable Tubing for Elec-
trical Use
builder in evaluating this option of cable splicing for future
3
ship construction. 2.2 IEEE Standards:
IEEE 45 Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations
1.2 This guide deals with cable splicing at a generic level
on Shipboard
and details a method that will satisfy the vast majority of cable
4
2.3 UL Standards:
splicing applications.
UL STD 224 Extruded Insulating Tubing
1.3 This guide covers acceptable methods of cable splicing
UL STD 486A Wire Connectors and Soldering Lugs for Use
used in shipboard cable systems and provides information on
with Copper Conductors
current applicable technologies and additional information that
2.4 IEC Standards:
5
the shipbuilder may use in decision making for the cost
IEC 228 Conductors of Insulated Cables
6
effectiveness of splicing in electrical cable installations.
2.5 Federal Regulations:
Title 46 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Shipping
1.4 This guide is limited to applications of 2000 V or less,
2.6 Military Specifications:
but most of the materials and methods discussed are adaptable
MIL-T-16366 Terminals, Electric Lug and Conductor
to higher voltages, such as 5-kV systems. The cables of this
Splices, Crimp-Style
guide relate to all marine cables, domestic and foreign,
MIL-T-7928 Terminals, Lug, Splices, Conductors, Crimp-
commercial or U.S. Navy.
Style, Copper
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3. Terminology
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tion only and are not considered standard.
3.1.1 adhesive, n—a wide range of materials used exten-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sively for bonding and sealing; coating added to the inner wall
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of heat-shrinkable tubing to seal the enclosed area against
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
moisture. Adhesive is for pressure retention and load-bearing
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
applications (see also sealant).
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.2 barrel, n—the portion of a terminal that is crimped;
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
designed to receive the conductor, it is called the wire barrel.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the ASTM website.
3
Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),
445 Hoes Ln., Piscataway, NJ 08854-4141, http://www.ieee.org.
4
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.
5
Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.10 on Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue de
Electrical. Varembé, 1st floor, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, https://
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally www.iec.ch.
6
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F1835 – 97 (2018). Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
DOI: 10.1520/F1835-97R23. Philadelph
...

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5.1 This test method establishes the requirements for a standardized method of evaluating the performance of crimped-type electrical connections having solid or stranded conductors.  
5.2 In order to achieve a successful crimped connection, the crimping tool must deform the material of the crimp barrel or barrel tab(s) around the conductor. As a consequence, the conductor surfaces are placed under compression by the crimp terminal and areas of contact are established between the conductor and the crimp barrel. These areas provide the desired electrical connection. A reliable crimped connection is one that is capable of maintaining the contact between the conductor and crimp barrel so that a stable electrical connection is maintained when it is exposed to the conditions it was designed to endure during its useful life.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method establishes the requirements for a standardized method of evaluating the quality of crimped-type electrical connections to solid or stranded conductors. This test method applies to 16-gauge and smaller diameter copper wire, coated or uncoated.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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4.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide end-product manufacturers and other users with technical information and methods recommended towards the achievement of successful application of crimped wire terminals.  
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1.3 The methods discussed in this guide apply only to the wire termination, which is the electrical contact interface between the conductor(s) and the terminal. Other aspects important to terminal evaluation, such as the properties and performance of electrical insulation, the effectiveness of strain relief features, and the quality of contact between the terminal and other electrical circuit elements, are not included.  
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1.1 The test method covers the principles of determining the mechanical torque rate of spiral coils of thermostat metal.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As stated in Terminology B542, contact resistance is comprised of a constriction resistance and a film resistance. When present, the latter of these is usually much greater in value and dominates the contact resistance. For a given contact spot, when the film resistance is zero or negligible the contact resistance for that spot is nearly the same as the constriction resistance and therefore, as a practical matter, has a minimum value which represents a clean metal-to-metal contact spot. As real contact surfaces exhibit varying degrees of roughness, real contacts are necessarily composed of many contact spots which are electrically parallel. In practical cases the clean metal-to-metal contact spots will carry most of the current and the total contact resistance is primarily dependent on the size and number of metallic contact spots present (see Note 1). In addition, acceptably low values of contact resistance are often obtained with true areas of contact being significantly less than the apparent contact area. This is the result of having a large number of small contact spots spread out over a relatively large apparent contact area.
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1.1 These test methods cover equipment and techniques for measuring the resistance of static electrical connections such as wire terminations or splices, friction connectors, soldered joints, and wrapped-wire connections.  
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4.1 Preservation of a conducting surface on electrical contact is vital to the continued functioning of such contacts. Contamination of the surface with insulating layers formed by corrosion processes is one potential hazard. Laboratory testing of contacts in MFG tests is used to assess the effectiveness of design features and materials.  
4.2 MFG tests are used in development studies of processes and materials for contacts. For example, coupon specimens may be exposed to MFG tests to evaluate new contact materials, layers of new coating materials on a supporting substrate, reduced coating thicknesses, or protective surface treatments.  
4.3 MFG tests are also employed to test the durability of a finished product with respect to atmospheric corrosion. For example, finished connectors may be exposed to a MFG test and their performances compared against each other or against a set of fixed requirements. Relays or switch contacts may be exposed in the operated and non-operated conditions to compare performance.  
4.4 MFG tests are useful for determining the effectiveness of connector housings and shrouds as barriers to ingress of atmospheric corrodants to the contact surfaces. These tests can also be used to assess the screening of the metal-to-metal contact areas of mated connectors.  
4.5 MFG tests are employed as qualification tests to determine connector failure rates in application environments for which correlation between test and application has previously been established.  
4.6 This guide provides test conditions which are to be applied in conjunction with Practice B827 which defines the required test operation and certification procedures, tolerances, and reporting requirements. Where the test specifier requires certifications or tolerances different than those provided in Practice B827, the required certifications or tolerances shall be part of the test specification. Differences from the specifications in Practice B827 shall be reported in the test re...
SCOPE
1.1 The techniques described in this guide pertain to mixed flowing gas (MFG) tests containing species that are applied to evaluate devices containing electrical contacts such as slip rings, separable connectors, electromechanical relays or switch contacts. These techniques may be relevant to other devices, but it is the responsibility of the user to determine suitability prior to testing.  
1.2 The MFG tests described in this guide are designed to accelerate corrosive degradation processes. These accelerations are designed such that the degradation occurs in a much shorter time period than that expected for such processes in the intended application environment of the device being tested. Application environments can vary continuously from benign to aggressively corrosive. Connectors and contacts within closed electronic cabinets may be affected by an environment of different severity than the environment on the outside of such cabinets. In general, indoor environments are different than outdoor environments. The MFG tests described herein, being discrete embodiments of specific corrosive conditions, cannot be representative of all possible application environments. It is the responsibility of the test specifier to assure the pertinence of a given test condition to the specifier's application condition.  
1.3 The MFG tests described herein are not designed to duplicate the actual intended application environment of the device under test. An extended bibliography that provides information which is useful to test specifiers to assist them in selecting appropriate test methods is included in this guide. The bibliography covers the scope from application condition characterization, single and multiple gas effects, and material and product effects to key application and test variables as well as discussions of atmospheric corrosion processes.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other uni...

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Standard Test Method for Resistance to Environmental Degradation of Electrical Pressure Connections Involving Aluminum and Intended for Residential Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The principal underlying the test is the sensitivity of the electrical contact interface to temperature and humidity cycling that electrical pressure connection systems experience as a result of usage and installation environment. The temperature cycling may cause micromotion at the mating electrical contact surfaces which can expose fresh metal to the local ambient atmosphere. The humidity exposure is known to facilitate corrosion on freshly exposed metal surfaces. Thus, for those connection systems that do not maintain stable metal-to-metal contact surfaces under the condition of thermal cycling and humidity exposure, repeated sequences of these exposures lead to degradation of the contacting surface indicated by potential drop increase.  
5.2 The test is of short duration relative to the expected life of connections in residential usage. Stability of connection resistance implies resistance to deterioration due to environmental conditions encountered in residential service. Increasing connection resistance as a result of the test exposure indicates deterioration of electrical contact interfaces. Assurance of long term reliability and safety of connection types that deteriorate requires further evaluation for specific specified environments and applications.  
5.3 Use—It is recommended that this test method be used in one of two ways. First, it may be used to evaluate and report the performance of a particular connection system. For such use, it is appropriate to report the results in a summary (or tabular) format such as shown in Section 17, together with the statement “The results shown in the summary (or table) were obtained for (insert description of connection) when tested in accordance with Test Method B812. Second, it may be used as the basis for specification of acceptability of product. For this use, the minimum test time and the maximum allowable increase in potential drop must be established by the specifier. Specification of connection systems in...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers all residential pressure connection systems. Detailed examples of application to specific types of connection systems, set-screw neutral bus connectors and twist-on wire-splicing connectors, are provided in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2.  
1.2 The purpose of this test method is to evaluate the performance of residential electrical pressure connection systems under conditions of cyclic temperature change (within rating) and high humidity.  
1.3 The limitations of the test method are as follows:  
1.3.1 This test method shall not be considered to confirm a specific lifetime in application environments.  
1.3.2 The applicability of this test method is limited to pressure connection systems rated at or below 600 V d-c or a-c RMS.  
1.3.3 This test method is limited to temperature and water vapor exposure in addition to electrical current as required to measure connection resistance.  
1.3.4 This test method does not evaluate degradation which may occur in residential applications due to exposure of the electrical connection system to additional environmental constituents such as (but not limited to) the following examples:
1.3.4.1 Household chemicals (liquid or gaseous) such as ammonia, bleach, or other cleaning agents.
1.3.4.2 Chemicals as may occur due to normal hobby or professional activities such as photography, painting, sculpture, or similar activities.
1.3.4.3 Environments encountered during construction or remodeling such as direct exposure to rain, uncured wet concrete, welding or soldering fluxes and other agents.  
1.3.5 This test method is limited to evaluation of pressure connection systems.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product...

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4.1 This testing method provides accurate biobased/biogenic carbon content results to materials whose carbon source was directly in equilibrium with CO2 in the atmosphere at the time of cessation of respiration or metabolism, such as the harvesting of a crop or grass living its natural life in a field. Special considerations are needed to apply the testing method to materials originating from within artificial environments. Application of these testing methods to materials derived from CO2 uptake within artificial environments is beyond the present scope of this standard.  
4.2 Method B utilizes AMS along with Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) techniques to quantify the biobased content of a given product. Instrumental error can be within 0.1-0.5 % (1 relative standard deviation (RSD)), but controlled studies identify an inter-laboratory total uncertainty up to ±3 % (absolute). This error is exclusive of indeterminate sources of error in the origin of the biobased content (see Section 22 on precision and bias).  
4.3 Method C uses LSC techniques to quantify the biobased content of a product using sample carbon that has been converted to benzene. This test method determines the biobased content of a sample with a maximum total error of ±3 % (absolute), as does Method B.  
4.4 The test methods described here directly discriminate between product carbon resulting from contemporary carbon input and that derived from fossil-based input. A measurement of a product’s 14C/12C or 14C/13C content is determined relative to a carbon based modern reference material accepted by the radiocarbon dating community such as NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 4990C, (referred to as OXII or HOxII). It is compositionally related directly to the original oxalic acid radiocarbon standard SRM 4990B (referred to as OXI or HOxI), and is denoted in terms of fM, that is, the sample’s fraction of modern carbon. (See Terminology, Section 3.)  
4.5 Reference standards, available to all...
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1.1 This standard is a test method that teaches how to experimentally measure biobased carbon content of solids, liquids, and gaseous samples using radiocarbon analysis. These test methods do not address environmental impact, product performance and functionality, determination of geographical origin, or assignment of required amounts of biobased carbon necessary for compliance with federal laws.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable to any product containing carbon-based components that can be combusted in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. The overall analytical method is also applicable to gaseous samples, including flue gases from electrical utility boilers and waste incinerators.  
1.3 These test methods make no attempt to teach the basic principles of the instrumentation used although minimum requirements for instrument selection are referenced in the References section. However, the preparation of samples for the above test methods is described. No details of instrument operation are included here. These are best obtained from the manufacturer of the specific instrument in use.  
1.4 Limitation—This standard is applicable to laboratories working without exposure to artificial carbon-14 (14C). Artificial 14C is routinely used in biomedical studies by both liquid scintillation counter (LSC) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) laboratories and can exist within the laboratory at levels 1,000 times or more than 100 % biobased materials and 100,000 times more than 1% biobased materials. Once in the laboratory, artificial 14C can become undetectably ubiquitous on door knobs, pens, desk tops, and other surfaces but which may randomly contaminate an unknown sample producing inaccurately high biobased results. Despite vigorous attempts to clean up contaminating artificial 14C from a laboratory, isolation has proven to be the only successful method of avoidance. Completely separate chemical ...

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    19 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off