ASTM E2217-12(2019)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Design and Construction of Aerospace Cleanrooms and Contamination Controlled Areas
Standard Practice for Design and Construction of Aerospace Cleanrooms and Contamination Controlled Areas
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice describes and defines factors to be taken into consideration when designing and fabricating a cleanroom or controlled area that is used for aerospace operations and fabrication. Following the suggestions herein should provide a facility that is more capable of meeting performance requirements and that will offer protection against contamination for objects fabricated and processed in such a facility.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide design and construction guidelines for contamination controlled facilities used in the assembly and integration of aerospace hardware. The guidelines herein are intended to ensure that the facilities, when used properly, will meet the cleanliness requirements of aerospace hardware and processes. The objective is to limit contamination due to the deposition of particulate and molecular contaminants on flight hardware surfaces.
1.2 One cleanliness classification of a facility is the airborne particle concentrations in accordance with ISO 14644-1 and 14644-2. Airborne particle concentrations in accordance with FED-STD-209E are included for reference. This simple classification is inadequate to describe a facility that will support the assembly and integration of spacecraft. The extended duration of hardware exposure during fabrication and testing, the sensitivity of the hardware to hydrocarbons and other molecular contaminants, and the changing requirements during assembly and integration must be considered in addition to the airborne particle concentrations.
1.3 The guidelines specified herein are intended to provide facilities that will effectively restrict contaminants from entering the facility, limit contamination generated by and within the facility, and continuously remove airborne contaminants generated during normal operations. Some items of support hardware, such as lifting equipment, stands, and shoe cleaners, are addressed since these items are often purchased and installed with the facility and may require accommodation in the design of the facility.
1.4 Active filtration of molecular contaminants (such as hydrocarbons, silicones, and other chemicals) is discussed. Such active filtration of molecular contaminants may be required for the processing of highly sensitive optical devices, especially infrared and cryogenic sensors. Control of microbiological contamination is not included although HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filtration will provide some control of airborne bacteria, spores, and other viable contaminants that are typically carried on particles of sizes 0.3 μm and larger. Control of radioactive contamination and accommodation of very hazardous materials such as propellants, strong acids or caustics, or carcinogens are not addressed.
1.5 No facility will compensate for excessive contamination generated inside the facility. In addition to an effective facility design, the user must also institute a routine maintenance program (see Practice E2042) for the facility, and personnel and operational disciplines that limit the transfer of contaminants through entry doors and contaminant generation inside the facility.
1.6 This practice only addresses guidelines for contamination control in facility design. It must be implemented in compliance with all mandatory government and regulatory building and safety codes. References to related cleanroom standards and U.S. building codes and standards may be found in IEST-RP-CC012.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7.1 The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and det...
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2217 − 12 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
Design and Construction of Aerospace Cleanrooms and
Contamination Controlled Areas
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2217; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope required for the processing of highly sensitive optical devices,
especially infrared and cryogenic sensors. Control of micro-
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide design and
biological contamination is not included although HEPA(High
construction guidelines for contamination controlled facilities
Efficiency Particulate Air) filtration will provide some control
used in the assembly and integration of aerospace hardware.
of airborne bacteria, spores, and other viable contaminants that
The guidelines herein are intended to ensure that the facilities,
are typically carried on particles of sizes 0.3 µm and larger.
when used properly, will meet the cleanliness requirements of
Control of radioactive contamination and accommodation of
aerospace hardware and processes. The objective is to limit
very hazardous materials such as propellants, strong acids or
contamination due to the deposition of particulate and molecu-
caustics, or carcinogens are not addressed.
lar contaminants on flight hardware surfaces.
1.5 No facility will compensate for excessive contamination
1.2 Onecleanlinessclassificationofafacilityistheairborne
generated inside the facility. In addition to an effective facility
particle concentrations in accordance with ISO 14644-1 and
design, the user must also institute a routine maintenance
14644-2. Airborne particle concentrations in accordance with
program (see Practice E2042) for the facility, and personnel
FED-STD-209E are included for reference. This simple clas-
and operational disciplines that limit the transfer of contami-
sification is inadequate to describe a facility that will support
nants through entry doors and contaminant generation inside
the assembly and integration of spacecraft. The extended
the facility.
duration of hardware exposure during fabrication and testing,
the sensitivity of the hardware to hydrocarbons and other
1.6 This practice only addresses guidelines for contamina-
molecular contaminants, and the changing requirements during
tion control in facility design. It must be implemented in
assembly and integration must be considered in addition to the
compliance with all mandatory government and regulatory
airborne particle concentrations.
building and safety codes. References to related cleanroom
standards and U.S. building codes and standards may be found
1.3 The guidelines specified herein are intended to provide
in IEST-RP-CC012.
facilities that will effectively restrict contaminants from enter-
ing the facility, limit contamination generated by and within
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
the facility, and continuously remove airborne contaminants
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
generated during normal operations. Some items of support
standard.
hardware, such as lifting equipment, stands, and shoe cleaners,
1.7.1 The values given in parentheses are provided for
are addressed since these items are often purchased and
information only and are not considered standard.
installed with the facility and may require accommodation in
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the design of the facility.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.4 Active filtration of molecular contaminants (such as
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
hydrocarbons, silicones, and other chemicals) is discussed.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Such active filtration of molecular contaminants may be
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on Space
Simulation andApplications of Space Technology and is the direct responsibility of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Subcommittee E21.05 on Contamination.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published January 2020. Originally
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E2217 – 12. DOI:
10.1520/E2217-12R19. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2217 − 12 (2019)
2. Referenced Documents IEST-STD-CC1246 Product Cleanliness Levels and Con-
2 tamination Control Program
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2.4 U.S Government Standards:
E595 Test Method for Total Mass Loss and Collected Vola-
FED-STD-209E Airborne Particulate Cleanliness Classes in
tile Condensable Materials from Outgassing in a Vacuum
Cleanrooms and Clean Zones
Environment
E1216 Practice for Sampling for Particulate Contamination
2.5 Other Publications:
by Tape Lift
Procedural Standards for Certified Testing of Cleanrooms,
E1234 Practice for Handling, Transporting, and Installing
National Environmental Balancing Bureau (NEBB)
Nonvolatile Residue (NVR) Sample Plates Used in Envi-
ronmentally Controlled Areas for Spacecraft 3. Terminology
E1235 Test Method for Gravimetric Determination of Non-
3.1 Definitions:
volatile Residue (NVR) in Environmentally Controlled
3.1.1 aerosol, n—a gaseous suspension of fine solid or
Areas for Spacecraft
liquid particles.
E1548 Practice for Preparation ofAerospace Contamination
3.1.2 airfilters:
Control Plans
3.1.2.1 HEPA (High Effıciency Particulate Air) filter, n—a
E2042 Practice for Cleaning and Maintaining Controlled
particulate air filter having a minimum particle collection
Areas and Clean Rooms
efficiency of 99.97 % of particles greater than 0.3 µm in
E2088 Practice for Selecting, Preparing, Exposing, andAna-
accordance with IEST-RP-CC001.
lyzing Witness Surfaces for Measuring Particle Deposi-
3.1.2.2 ULPA (Ultra Low Penetration Air) filter, n—a par-
tion in Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environ-
ticulate air filter having a minimum particle collection effi-
ments
ciencyof99.999 %ofparticlesofsizesequaltoandlargerthan
F24 Test Method for Measuring and Counting Particulate
0.12 µm.
Contamination on Surfaces
F25 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Airborne Particu-
3.1.2.3 prefilters, n—air filters that are installed upstream of
late Contamination in Cleanrooms and Other Dust-
the HEPA or ULPA filters.
Controlled Areas
3.1.2.4 Discussion—These usually consist of rough filters
F50 Practice for Continuous Sizing and Counting of Air-
and medium efficiency filters that remove larger particles than
borne Particles in Dust-Controlled Areas and Clean
are removed by the HEPA and ULPA filters; They are used to
Rooms Using Instruments Capable of Detecting Single
reduce the number of particles trapped on the high efficiency
Sub-Micrometre and Larger Particles
filters, thereby extending the lifetimes of the HEPAand ULPA
2.2 ISO Standards:
filters.
ISO 14644-1 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Envi-
3.1.3 airflow:
ronments Part 1: Classification of Air Cleanliness
3.1.3.1 unidirectional airflow, n—controlled airflow through
ISO 14644-2 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Envi-
the entire cross-section of a cleanroom or clean zone with a
ronments Part 2: Specifications for Testing and Monitor-
steady velocity and approximately equal streamlines.
ing to Prove Continued Compliance with ISO 14644-1
ISO 14644-3 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Envi-
3.1.3.2 Discussion—The airflow in a cleanroom may be
ronments Part 3: Test Methods either vertical down-flow or horizontal with air leaving the
ISO 14644-4 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Envi-
room either through nearly continuous floor or wall vents.
ronments Part 4: Design, Construction and Start-up Equipmentandpersonnelintheroomwillcauseairturbulence,
but the airflow is still considered unidirectional.
2.3 Institute of Environmental Science and Technology
3.1.3.3 nonunidirectional airflow, n—air distribution where
Standards:
the supply air entering the cleanroom or clean zone mixes with
IEST-RP-CC001 HEPA and ULPA Filters
the internal air by means of induction.
IEST-RP-CC006 Testing Cleanrooms
IEST-RP-CC007 Testing ULPA Filters
3.1.3.4 Discussion—Air typically enters through registers
IEST-RP-CC012 Considerations in Cleanroom Design
distributed around the room above the working area and exits
IEST-RP-CC022 Electrostatic Charge in Cleanrooms and
through registers at floor level.
Other Controlled Environments
3.1.3.5 mixed airflow, n—air distribution in a cleanroom or
IEST-RP-CC034 HEPA and ULPA Filter Leak Tests
clean zone in which the airflow is a mixture of both unidirec-
tional and nonunidirectional.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on This replaces MIL-STD-1246C which is inactive.
the ASTM website. This standard was cancelled 29 Nov. 2001 and is replaced by ISO 14644-1 and
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de ISO 14644-2. Copies of FED-STD-209E are available from the Institute of
la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org. Environmental Sciences and Technology, 940 East Northwest Highway, Mount
Available from Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology (IEST), Prospect, IL 60036, and from U.S. government sources.
Arlington Place One, 2340 S. Arlington Heights Rd., Suite 100, Arlington Heights, National Environmental Balancing Bureau, 8575 Grovemont Circle,
IL 60005-4516, http://www.iest.org. Gaithersburg, MD 20877-4121. http://www.nebb.org/contact/.
E2217 − 12 (2019)
3.1.3.6 Discussion—Different locations in a cleanroom can 3.1.11.1 Discussion—Usually, the charge flows through a
have different types of airflow. This is especially true in large spark between two bodies at different electrostatic potentials as
cleanrooms. A cleanroom design may include mixed airflow. they approach one another.
3.1.4 changing room, n—room where people using a clean-
3.1.12 electromagnetic interference (EMI), n—interference,
room change into, or out of, cleanroom apparel.
generally at radio frequencies, that is generated inside systems,
as contrasted to radio-frequency interference coming from
3.1.5 cleanroom,n—aspecializedenclosedroomemploying
control over the airborne particle concentrations, temperature, sources outside a system.
humidity, pressure, molecular contaminants, and operations.
3.1.13 facility (clean facility), n—the total real property
3.1.5.1 cleanroom (alternate), n—a room in which the
required to accomplish the cleanroom functions.
concentration of airborne particles, temperature, humidity,
3.1.13.1 Discussion—This includes all the buildings,
pressure, molecular contaminants, and operations are
cleanrooms, offices, laboratories, storage areas, HVAC
controlled, and which is constructed and used in a manner to
equipment, and other support areas for operations and person-
minimize the introduction, generation, and retention of con-
nel.
taminants inside the room.
3.1.14 gas phase adsorber cell, n—a modular container for
3.1.6 cleanroom occupancy states:
anadsorbenttotrapcontaminantgasesfromairandothergases
3.1.6.1 as-built, adj—condition where the installation is
used in processing.
complete with all services connected and functioning but with
no equipment, flight hardware and materials, or personnel
3.1.15 installation, n—cleanroom or one or more clean
present.
zones, together with all associated structures, air-treatment
systems, services, and utilities.
3.1.6.2 Discussion—For contractual purposes, the parties
involved should have an agreement that defines this state.
3.1.16 macroparticle, n—a particle with an equivalent di-
3.1.6.3 at-rest, adj—conditionwheretheinstallationiscom-
ameter greater than 5 µm.
plete with equipment installed and operating in a manner
3.1.16.1 Discussion—The M descriptor defines the mea-
agreed upon by the customer and supplier, but with no
sured or specified concentrations of macroparticles per cubic
personnel present.
meter of air. This is defined in ISO 14644-1.
3.1.6.4 operational, adj—condition where the installation is
3.1.17 monitoring, n—observations made by measurement
functioning in the specified manner, with the specified number
in accordance with a defined method and plan to provide
of personnel present and working in the agreed upon manner.
evidence of the performance of an installation.
3.1.7 clean zone, n—dedicated space in which the concen-
tration of airborne particles is controlled, which is constructed 3.1.18 nonvolatile residue (NVR), n—contaminant residue
and used in a manner to minimize the introduction, generation, without distinct dimensions. It typically consists of
and retention of particles inside the zone, and in which other hydrocarbons, silicones, and other higher molecular weight
relevant parameters, for example, temperature, humidity, species deposited through condensation, direct contact trans-
pressure, and molecular contaminants, are controlled as neces- mission (that is, fingerprints) or as residue remaining after
sary. evaporation of a liquid.
3.1.8 contaminant, n—any particulate, molecular, non-
3.1.19 outgassing, n—the evolution of gas from a material,
particulate, and biological entity that can adversely affect the
usually in a vacuum. Outgassing also occurs in a higher
product or process.
pressure environment.
3.1.9 contaminant deposition, n—particulate and molecular
3.1.19.1 Discussion—While outgassing is typically consid-
contaminants that form on surfaces resulting from processes
ered a vacuum phenomenon, some materials, such as polyvinyl
such as fallout, condensation, electrostatic attraction, and other
chloride, contain volatile components, such as plasticizers, that
mechanisms.
will diffuse from bulk materials and evaporate under standard
3.1.10 contamination controlled area, n—a specialized en-
temperatures and pressures. These volatile components
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.