ASTM C704-99
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room Temperature
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room Temperature
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative abrasion resistance of refractory brick at room temperature. This test method can also be applied to castable refractories (see Metric Dimensions C861 and Practice C865) and plastic refractories (see Practice C1054).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 704 – 99
Standard Test Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room
Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope tance of various refractory samples under standard conditions
at room temperature.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative
4.2 The abrasion resistance of a refractory material provides
abrasion resistance of refractory brick at room temperature.
an indication of its suitability for service in abrasion or erosive
This test method can also be applied to castable refractories
environments.
(see Metric Dimensions C 861 and Practice C 865) and plastic
4.3 The results obtained by this test method could be
refractories (see Practice C 1054).
different than those obtained in service because of the different
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
conditions encountered.
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information only.
5. Apparatus
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Abrasion Tester, used for measuring the abrasion resis-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tance of refractory specimens, consisting of the following (Fig.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1 and Fig. 2):
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1.1 Blast Gun , modified for this equipment as shown in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Fig. 3.
2. Referenced Documents 5.1.2 Nozzle—A piece of glass tubing is used to replace the
steel nozzle supplied with the sand-blast gun to permit control
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of nozzle size through nozzle replacement after each determi-
C 134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements,
1 1
nation. Flint-glass tubing, 115 mm (4 ⁄2in.) long, 7 mm ( ⁄4in.)
and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating
in outside diameter, with a nominal 1.1 mm ( ⁄16in.) wall, is
Firebrick
used. This piece of glass tubing is held in place by a 70 mm
C 179 Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of
(2 ⁄4 in.) long piece of stainless steel tubing. The I.D. (inside
Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
diameter) of this tubing, which should be flared at one end to
C 861 Practice for Determining Metric Dimensions of Stan-
sit snugly inside a 9.53 mm ( ⁄8in.) tubing nut, should be 7.15
dard Series Refractory Brick and Shapes
mm ( ⁄32in.). The O.D. (outside diameter) should be 9.53 mm
C 862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Speci-
( ⁄8 in.). This sleeve is glued in place along with a rubber
mens by Casting
grommet of proper size, inside the 9.53 mm ( ⁄8 in.) tubing nut,
C 865 Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
and is used primarily to hold the glass tubing perpendicular to
C 1054 Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic
the test sample, assuring a proper vacuum within the gun. The
and Ramming Mix Specimens
end of the glass tube, through which the abrading media enters
3. Summary of Test Method
the nozzle in the venturi chamber, is placed at a distance of 2
mm (0.08 in.) from the air-generator nozzle. This is done by
3.1 This test method measures the volume of material in
placing the glass tubing on a brass rod, 4.5 mm (0.175 in.) in
cubic centimetres abraded from a flat surface at a right angle to
diameter with a shoulder 7.9 mm ( ⁄16 in.) in diameter, 117 mm
a nozzle through which 1000 g of size-graded silicon carbide
(4.68 in.) from the tip. This will allow the operator to push the
grain is blasted by air at 448 kPa (65 psi).
glass tubing up through the rubber grommet until the rod
4. Significance and Use
touches the nozzle, assuringa2mm (0.08 in.) gap between the
nozzle and the glass tubing.
4.1 This test method measures the relative abrasion resis-
5.1.3 Venturi—The air-generator nozzle should have an
inlet inside diameter of from 2.84 to 2.92 mm (0.112 to 0.115
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-8 on
in.) and an outlet inside diameter of from 2.36 to 2.44 mm
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Tests and Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1999. Published November 1999. Originally
published as C 704 – 72. Last previous edition C 704 – 94. The sand blast gun shown in Fig. 3, available from Leitch and Company, 971
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01. Howard St., San Francisco, CA, has been found suitable for use in this test method.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 704
NOTE 1—Identified by number in this figure are: (1) cabinet pressure manometer, (2) dust collector vent, (3) test pressure gage, (4) grit feed tunnel,
and (5) vacuum gage.
FIG. 1 Abrasion Tester
(0.093 to 0.096 in.). The surface of the air-generator nozzle 5.1.4 Air Supply—The air line pressure shall be maintained
within the venturi chamber of the gun is protected from the at the desired pressure at the gun through the use of a standard
abrading media with a 9.4 mm ( ⁄8 in.) long piece of vinyl suppressed range air gage indicating 6.9 kPa (61 psi) mounted
3 1
tubing 4.7 mm ( ⁄16 in.) inside diameter with a 1.5 mm ( ⁄16 in.) as close to the gun as possible. Only clean dry air should be
wall thickness. The inside diameter of the venturi chamber used.
should not exceed 10 mm ( ⁄8 in.) and should be checked 5.1.5 Abrading Media—No. 36 grit silicon carbide having a
periodically for wear. screen analysis as shown in Table 1.
C 704
NOTE 1—Identified by number in this figure are: (1) sand blast gun, (2) air pressure regulator, (3) glass tube and metal stabilizing sleeve, (4) test sample,
and (5) adjustable platform.
FIG. 2 Abrasion Tester
5.1.6 Feeding Mechanism—Two acceptable mechanisms 5.1.7 Test Chamber, consisting of a tightly sealed closure
for feeding the abrading media are shown in Fig. 4. The feed with a door to permit ready access for mounting and removing
funnel must contain a suitable orifice to obtain a flow time of
the test specimens. A 13-mm ( ⁄2-in.) hole shall be cut in the top
4506 15 s while delivering 1000 g of abrading media into the
of the test chamber to permit the vertical mounting of the blast
gun supply funnel. Metal, glass, or plastic orifices can be used
gun such that the downward stream of abrading media will
to regulate the flow. There must be an air gap between the
travel 203 mm (8 in.) from the glass nozzle tip to the test
orifice and the gun supply funnel to allow secondary air to
enter with the abrading media.
C 704
NOTE 1—Identified by number in this figure are: (1) glass tube adjustment rod, (2) metal stabilizing sleeve, (3) glass tube with grommet, and (4) sand
blast gun.
FIG. 3 Modified Blast Gun Breakdown
TABLE 1 Screen Analysis for Abrading Media
mm ( ⁄4-in.) inside diameter pet cock shall be mounted in the
top of the chamber to permit manometer connection.
ASTM Standard Sieve No. Opening, μm Retained, %
5.2 Balance, capable of weighing the sample to an accuracy
20 850 trace
of 60.1 g, used for weighing the abrading media and test
30 600 206 2
specimens. Typically a 2000 g to 3000 g capacity balance is
50 300 806 3
required.
70 212 2 max
Pass No. 70 trace
6. Test Specimens
6.1 Test specimens shall be cut from refractory brick or
specimen. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show the design of an acceptable
shapes, or molded from monolithic refractory materials and
chamber.
measure from 100 by 100 by 25 mm (4 by 4 by 1 in.) to 114
1 1 1
5.1.7.1 Dust Collector—A standard dust-collecting cloth
by 114by65or76mm(4 ⁄2 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 or 3 in.). Only the
bag of adequate capacity may be used on the 52 mm (2 ⁄16-in.)
most abrasion resistant materials can be 25 mm (1 in.) thick
exhaust port of the chamber. This port is equipped with a
since the test is invalid if a hole is eroded completely through
butterfly valve to regulate the pressure in the chamber du
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