ASTM D7274-06
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Mineral Stabilizer Content of Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)
Standard Test Method for Mineral Stabilizer Content of Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)
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1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the determination of mineral stabilizer content in prefabricated bituminous geomembranes (BGM) by calcination.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
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Designation:D7274–06
Standard Test Method for
Mineral Stabilizer Content of Prefabricated Bituminous
Geomembranes (BGM)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7274; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope amount of mineral stabilizer. The amount of mineral stabilizer
used in a bituminous geomembrane has an effect on several
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the determi-
physical properties, including but not limited to cold tempera-
nation of mineral stabilizer content in prefabricated bituminous
ture, flexibility, and asphalt penetration (see Guide D 6455 for
geomembranes (BGM) by calcination.
a list of BGM properites).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
5. Apparatus
only.
5.1 Porcelain Crucible,30cm capacity, or equivalent.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.2 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to within
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
6 0.001 g.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.3 Bunsen Burner.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.4 Muffle Furnace, capable of maintaining a temperature of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
600 6 25°C (1110 6 45°F).
2. Referenced Documents
6. Hazards
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.1 Calcination of BGM involves the use of open flame and
D 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
will produce black smoke. This procedure should be carried
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
out under a fume hood, away from any flammable material.
D 6455 Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Prefab-
ricated Bituminous Geomembranes (PBGM)
7. Sampling and Conditioning
3. Terminology 7.1 Sampling shall be conducted according to Practice
D 4354.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
7.2 Remove any surface material from the sample at the
3.1.1 prefabricated bituminous geomembrane (BGM), n—a
location where the test specimen will be taken. This operation
material fabricated in a plant and consisting principally of
will be easier when location is chosen on the side of the BGM
non-woven polyester textile, impregnated by a blend of oxi-
with film surfacing or on the film-covered lap. In that case, the
dized or polymer-modified bitumen incorporating filler.
BGM may be cooled to about –30°C for 2 hours and the film
3.1.2 mineral stabilizer, n—a fine, water-insoluble inor-
may be peeled off.
ganic material, used in admixture with solid or semisolid
7.3 Using a hot spatula or knife, sample 5 6 1 g of bitumen
bituminous materials.
from the BGM, taking care of not scraping down to the
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
reinforcing geotextile.
refer to Terminology D 4439.
7.4 Condition samples for a minimum of4hat23 6 3°C
4. Significance and Use (73.4 6 5.4°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity before testing.
4.1 Bituminous geomembranes, wheth
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1.2.2 Method B—Testing multiple geogrid ribs in tension (kN/m or lbf/ft).
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5.2 This practice recommends an air pressure test within the channel created between dual-seamed tracks whereby the presence of unbonded sections or channels, voids, nonhomogenities, discontinuities, foreign objects, and the like, in the seamed region can be identified.
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Note 1: Differences may exist between ultrasonic measurements and measurements made using other methods due to differences in test conditions such as pressure applied and probe dimensions. An example is ultrasonic and mechanical thickness measurements.
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1.1 This practice provides a summary of equipment and procedures for ultrasonic testing of geomembranes using the pulse echo method.
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1.3 Measurements of one or more ultrasonic wave transmission characteristics are made based on the requirements of the specific testing program.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.
5.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of specific on-site soils and geotextiles at the design stage of a project, or to provide qualitative data that may help identify causes of failure (for example, clogging, particle loss). It is not appropriate for acceptance testing of geotextiles. It is also improper to utilize the results from this test for job specifications or manufacturers' certifications.
5.3 This test method is intended for site-specific investigation therefore is not an index property of the geotextile, and thus is not intended to be requested of the manufacturer or supplier of the geotextile.
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1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:
1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.
1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.
1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate method prior to conducting the test. This task may require comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to the detection limits of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT) test apparatus being used.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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5.2 This test method is applicable to all currently available textured geomembranes that are deployed as manufactured geomembrane sheets.
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