ASTM E991-21
(Practice)Standard Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Specimens Using the One-Monochromator Method
Standard Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Specimens Using the One-Monochromator Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The most general method for obtaining CIE tristimulus values or, through their transformation, other coordinates for describing the colors of fluorescent objects is by the use of spectrometric data obtained under defined and controlled conditions of illumination and viewing. This practice describes the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed for measuring the total spectral radiance factors of fluorescent specimens illuminated by simulated daylight approximating CIE D65 and calculating total tristimulus values and total chromaticity coordinates for either the CIE 1931 or 1964 observers.
5.2 The precise colorimetry of fluorescent specimens requires the spectral distribution of the instrument light source illuminating the specimen closely duplicate the colorimetric illuminant used for the calculation of tristimulus values, which is CIE D65 in this practice. The fundamental basis for this requirement follows from the defining property of a fluorescent specimen: instantaneous light emission resulting from electronic excitation by absorption of radiant energy (η) where the wavelengths of emission (λ) are as a rule longer than the excitation wavelengths (1).7 For a fluorescent specimen, the total spectral radiance factors used to calculate tristimulus values are the sum of two components – an ordinary reflectance factor, β(λ)S, and a fluorescence factor, β(η,λ)F : β(λ) = β(λ)S + β(η,λ)F. Ordinary spectral reflectance factors are solely a function of the specimen's reflected radiance efficiency at the viewing wavelength (λ) and independent of the spectral distribution of the illumination. The values of the spectral fluorescent radiance factors at the viewing wavelength (λ) vary directly with the absolute spectral distribution of illumination within the excitation range (η), and consequently so will the total spectral radiance factors and derived colorimetric values. One-monochromator colorimetric spectrometers use...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to the instrumental color measurement of fluorescent specimens excited by near ultraviolet and visible radiation that results in fluorescent emission within the visible range. It is not intended for other types of photoluminescent materials such as phosphorescent, chemiluminescent, or electroluminescent, nor is this practice intended for the measurement of the fluorescent properties for chemical analysis.
1.2 This practice describes the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed for the color measurement of fluorescent specimens when illuminated by simulated daylight approximating CIE Standard Illuminant D65 (CIE D65).
1.3 This practice is limited in scope to colorimetric spectrometers providing continuous broadband polychromatic illumination of the specimen and employing only a viewing monochromator for analyzing the radiation leaving the specimen.
1.4 This practice can be used for calculating total tristimulus values and total chromaticity coordinates for fluorescent colors in the CIE Color System for either the CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric Observer or the CIE 1964 Supplementary Standard Colorimetric Observer.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E991 − 21
Standard Practice for
Color Measurement of Fluorescent Specimens Using the
1
One-Monochromator Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E991; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thefundamentalprocedureforevaluatingthecolorofafluorescentobjectistoobtainspectrometric
data for specified illuminating and viewing conditions, and then use this data to compute tristimulus
values based on an International Commission on Illumination (CIE) standard observer and a CIE
standard illuminant. For a fluorescent object-color specimen, the spectral radiance factors used to
calculate tristimulus values are made up of two components — an ordinary reflectance factor and a
fluorescence factor (β = β + β ).The magnitude of the fluorescent radiance factors, and consequently
S F
the measured total radiance factors and derived color values, vary directly with the spectral
distribution of the instrument source illuminating the specimen. Consequently, the colorimetry of
fluorescent object-color specimens requires greater control of the measurement parameters in order to
obtainprecisespectrometricandcolorimetricdata.Inordertoobtainrepeatableandreproduciblecolor
values for fluorescent objects it is necessary that the illumination at the specimen surface closely
duplicate the standard illuminant used in the color calculations. The considerations involved and the
procedures used to obtain spectrometric data and compute colorimetric values for fluorescent
specimens using a one-monochromator spectrometer are contained in this practice.
1. Scope 1.4 Thispracticecanbeusedforcalculatingtotaltristimulus
values and total chromaticity coordinates for fluorescent colors
1.1 This practice applies to the instrumental color measure-
in the CIE Color System for either the CIE 1931 Standard
ment of fluorescent specimens excited by near ultraviolet and
Colorimetric Observer or the CIE 1964 Supplementary Stan-
visible radiation that results in fluorescent emission within the
dard Colorimetric Observer.
visible range. It is not intended for other types of photolumi-
nescent materials such as phosphorescent, chemiluminescent,
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
or electroluminescent, nor is this practice intended for the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measurement of the fluorescent properties for chemical analy-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sis.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 This practice describes the instrumental measurement
requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
needed for the color measurement of fluorescent specimens dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
when illuminated by simulated daylight approximating CIE ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Standard Illuminant D65 (CIE D65).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.3 This practice is limited in scope to colorimetric spec-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
trometers providing continuous broadband polychromatic illu-
mination of the specimen and employing only a viewing
2. Referenced Documents
monochromator for analyzing the radiation leaving the speci-
2
men.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and
Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.05 on Fluores-
2
cence. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2021. Published June 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E991 – 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0991-21. the ASTM website.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
1
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E991 − 21
D985 Test Method for Brightness of Pulp, Paper, and Paper- 3. Terminology
board (Directional Reflectance at 457 nm) (Withdrawn
3.1 Definitions—The definitions contained in Guide E179,
3
2
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E991 − 16 E991 − 21
Standard Practice for
Color Measurement of Fluorescent Specimens Using the
1
One-Monochromator Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E991; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The fundamental procedure for evaluating the color of a fluorescent object is to obtain spectrometric
data for specified illuminating and viewing conditions, and then use this data to compute tristimulus
values based on an International Commission on Illumination (CIE) standard observer and a CIE
standard illuminant. For a fluorescent object-color specimen, the spectral radiance factors used to
calculate tristimulus values are made up of two components — an ordinary reflectance factor and a
fluorescence factor (β = β + β ). The magnitude of the fluorescent radiance factors, and consequently
S F
the measured total radiance factors and derived color values, vary directly with the spectral
distribution of the instrument source illuminating the specimen. Consequently, the colorimetry of
fluorescent object-color specimens requires greater control of the measurement parameters in order to
obtain precise spectrometric and colorimetric data. In order to obtain repeatable and reproducible color
values for fluorescent objects it is necessary that the illumination at the specimen surface closely
duplicate the standard illuminant used in the color calculations. The considerations involved and the
procedures used to obtain spectrometric data and compute colorimetric values for fluorescent
specimens using a one-monochromator spectrometer are contained in this practice.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice applies to the instrumental color measurement of fluorescent specimens excited by near ultraviolet and visible
radiation that results in fluorescent emission within the visible range. It is not intended for other types of photoluminescent
materials such as phosphorescent, chemiluminescent, or electroluminescent, nor is this practice intended for the measurement of
the fluorescent properties for chemical analysis.
1.2 This practice describes the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed for
the color measurement of fluorescent specimens when illuminated by simulated daylight approximating CIE Standard Illuminant
D65 (CIE D65).
1.3 This practice is limited in scope to colorimetric spectrometers providing continuous broadband polychromatic illumination of
the specimen and employing only a viewing monochromator for analyzing the radiation leaving the specimen.
1.4 This practice can be used for calculating total tristimulus values and total chromaticity coordinates for fluorescent colors in
the CIE Color System for either the CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric Observer or the CIE 1964 Supplementary Standard
Colorimetric Observer.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.05 on Fluorescence.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016June 1, 2021. Published November 2016June 2021. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
E991 – 11.E991 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/E0991-16.10.1520/E0991-21.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E991 − 21
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D985 Test Method for Brightness of Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard (Directional Reflectance at 457 nm) (Withdrawn 2010)
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measure
...
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