ASTM D619-99(2004)

Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Fibre Used for Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2013)

ABSTRACT
These test methods details the standard procedures for testing certain properties of vulcanized fibre sheets, tubes, and rods of such grades as can be used for electrical insulation. Arc resistance, ash content, bond strength (ply adhesion), bursting strength, compressive strength, conditioning, density, dielectric strength, dimensional measurements, flammability, flexural strength, silica content, tearing strength, tensile strength, thickness (for sheets), resistance to impact, Rockwell hardness, volatile matter content, water absorption, and zinc chloride content are among the properties that these test methods shall be able to examine.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the procedures for testing vulcanized fibre sheets, tubes, and rods of such grades as can be used for electrical insulation.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:ProcedureSectionArc resistanceAshBond strength (ply adhesion)Bursting strengthCompressive strength, , ConditioningDensity, , Dielectric strength, Dimensional measurements, FlammabilityFlexural strength, SilicaTearing strengthTensile strength, , Thickness (sheets)Resistance to impactRockwell hardnessVolatile matterWater absorptionZinc chloride
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in and .
Note 1
The test methods described herein are similar technically to those described in IEC Publication 60667-2. Not all of the tests in this document are included in IEC 60667-2, and the procedures in the two publications are not completely identical; but it is expected that comparable results will be obtained from most of the procedures and comparative tests should be made if necessary before directly comparing results of tests using the different procedures.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods cover the procedures for testing vulcanized fibre sheets, tubes, and rods of such grades as can be used for electrical insulation.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials, this practice was withdrawn in January 2013 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-1999
• Withdrawal Date: 31-Dec-2012
• ICS: 29.035.10 - Paper and board insulating materials
• Technical Committee: D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
• Drafting Committee: D09.07 - Electrical Insulating Materials

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D619-99 - Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Fibre Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D710-19 - Standard Specification for Vulcanized Fibre Sheets, Rolls, Rods, and Tubes Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D229-19e1 - Standard Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D619 − 99(Reapproved 2004) An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Vulcanized Fibre Used for Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D619; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These test methods cover the procedures for testing 2.1 ASTM Standards:
vulcanized fibre sheets, tubes, and rods of such grades as can D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
be used for electrical insulation. DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
at Commercial Power Frequencies
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:
D202 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated
Procedure Section
Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
Arc resistance 23
D229 Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials
Ash 6
Bond strength (ply adhesion) 16
Used for Electrical Insulation
Bursting strength 14
D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum
Compressive strength 12, 25, 30
Conditioning 4 Impact Resistance of Plastics
Density 17, 26, 32
D348 Test Methods for Rigid Tubes Used for Electrical
Dielectric strength 18, 27
Insulation
Dimensional measurements 28, 33
Flammability 22 D349 Test Methods for Laminated Round Rods Used for
Flexural strength 13, 31
Electrical Insulation
Silica 7
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
Tearing strength 11
Tensile strength 10, 24, 29
lation
Thickness (sheets) 20
D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, DryArc
Resistance to impact 15
Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
Rockwell hardness 19
Volatile matter 8
D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
Water absorption 5
D668 TestMethodsofMeasuringDimensionsofRigidRods
Zinc chloride 9
and Tubes Used for Electrical Insulation
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D689 Test Method for Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper
as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for 3
(Withdrawn 2009)
information only.
D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Plastics
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Electrical Insulating Materials
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
statements are given in 7.3 and 22.1.
D828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and
PaperboardUsingConstant-Rate-of-ElongationApparatus
NOTE 1—The test methods described herein are similar technically to
(Withdrawn 2009)
those described in IEC Publication 60667-2. Not all of the tests in this
document are included in IEC 60667-2, and the procedures in the two D952 Test Method for Bond or Cohesive Strength of Sheet
publications are not completely identical; but it is expected that compa-
Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
rable results will be obtained from most of the procedures and compara-
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
tive tests should be made if necessary before directly comparing results of
D6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Mate-
tests using the different procedures.
rials for Testing
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 1999. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 1994 as D619 – 94. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D0619-99R04. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D619 − 99 (2004)
2.2 IEC Standard: 4. Conditioning
IEC 60667-2 Specification for Vulcanized Fibre for Electri-
4.1 Vulcanized fibre shall be conditioned for mechanical
cal Purposes–Part 2: Methods of Test
tests in accordance with Practice D6054, using ProcedureAfor
conditioning material 0.045 in. (1.14 mm) and under in
3. Terminology
thickness, and Procedure B for conditioning material over
3.1 Definitions: 0.045 in. in thickness. In case of dispute in tests of materials
over0.045in.inthickness,thematerialshallbeexposedfor48
3.1.1 vulcanized fibre, n—a material made from chemically
h at standard laboratory atmosphere prior to conditioning by
gelatinized cellulosic paper or board using zinc chloride as the
Procedure B.
gelatinizing agent.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The zinc chloride is subsequently re-
4.2 Vulcanized fibre shall be conditioned for electrical tests
moved by leaching. The resulting product, after being dried
in accordance with Practice D6054, using ProcedureA. In case
and finished by calendering, is a material of partially regener-
of dispute, a referee test shall be used in which the time of
ated cellulose in which the fibrous structure is retained in
exposure to standard laboratory atmosphere is increased to a
varying degrees depending on the grade of paper used and on
minimum period of 7 days for all thicknesses.
the processing conditions. Material up to about 25 mm in
NOTE 3—Conditioning of specimens may be undertaken (1) for the
thickness is produced by bonding multiple layers of paper (or
purpose of bringing the material into equilibrium with normal or average
board) after chemical treatment. Vulcanized fibre does not
roomconditionsof23°Cand50 %relativehumidity,( 2)simplytoobtain
contain vulcanized rubber or sulfur as the name might imply. reproducible results regardless of the previous history of exposure, or (3)
to subject the material to various conditions of temperature or humidity in
Thin vulcanized fibre has sometimes been termed “fish paper”.
order to predict its service behavior.
3.1.2 For definitions of other terms used in this standard
TheconditioningofProcedureBprescribedinPracticeD6054toobtain
reproducible results may give physical values somewhat higher or
refer to Terminology D1711.
somewhat lower than the values at equilibrium under normal conditions,
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
depending upon the test. This procedure for conditioning is used because
3.2.1 In referring to the cutting of specimens and the
of the relatively short time required. To bring the material to an
application of the load, the following definitions of terms
equilibriumconditioninacontrolledhumiditywouldrequirealongperiod
of time which might extend over many months, for example, for
apply:
thicknesses over 25 mm. The exact length of time would depend upon
3.2.2 crosswise (CW)—the direction of the sheet which is at
such factors as thickness, grade, and previous history of the specimens,
90° to the lengthwise direction, and which is normally the
and it would be too long for ordinary commercial test purposes. It is
weakest direction in flexure. For some materials, including the
probable that the time of exposure for some very thin sizes of material
conditionedinaccordancewithProcedureAmaybereduced,butsufficient
raw materials used for manufacture of materials considered
data on the various thicknesses are not yet available to permit a decision
herein, this direction may be designated as the cross-machine
to be made.
direction or the weft direction.
METHODS APPLICABLE TO SHEETS, TUBES, AND
3.2.3 edgewise loading—mechanical force applied in the
RODS
plane of the original sheet or plate.
3.2.4 flatwise loading—mechanical force applied normal to
5. Water Absorption
the surfaces of the original sheet or plate.
5.1 Significance and Use—This test method is a guide for
3.2.5 lengthwise (LW)—the direction of the sheet which is
the proportion of water absorbed in vulcanized fibre sheets,
strongest in flexure.
tubes, and rods and to the effects thereof on certain electrical
3.2.5.1 Discussion—For some materials, including the raw
and mechanical properties. It also is useful in determining the
materials used for the manufacture of materials considered
uniformity of quality in these materials.
herein, this direction may be designated as the machine
5.2 Procedure—Determine water absorption in accordance
direction or the warp direction.
with Test Method D570 on specimens dried in an oven for 1 h
3.3 Definitions:
at 105 to 110 °C prior to immersion in water.
3.3.1 In the case of thin material, the following definitions
of terms apply: 6. Ash
3.3.2 machine direction—the lengthwise direction in which
6.1 Significance and Use—This test method provides a
the paper is formed and travels on the paper machine, wire, or
procedure for determining the amount of ash of a dried
cylinder.
specimenwhichmaybeusefulindeterminingthecontinuityof
quality.
3.3.3 cross direction—the direction at right angles to the
machine direction.
6.2 Test Specimen—The test specimen shall consist of 2 to 5
g of vulcanized fibre in the form of finely divided particles,
NOTE2—Thesedefinitionsoftermsconformtothepracticeofthepaper
such as millings or filings.
industry.
6.3 Procedure—Dry the test specimen for2hat105to110
°C and weigh. Then ignite the specimen to constant weight in
a crucible and reweigh. Calculate the percentage of ash, based
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036. on the weight of the dried specimen.
D619 − 99 (2004)
6.4 Report—Report the following information: Data on volatile content may determine the suitability for a
6.4.1 Identification of the material, and particular application and may be useful in determining the
continuity of quality.
6.4.2 The percentage by weight of ash.
6.5 Precision and Bias:
8.2 Purpose—This test method is intended for the rapid
6.5.1 This test method has been used for many years, but no determination of the amount of moisture and other volatile
information has been presented to ASTM upon which to base
matter in vulcanized fibre of all grades and thicknesses.
a precision statement. No activity has been planned to develop
8.3 Test Specimens—Prepare the test specimen which con-
such information.
sists of the minimum number of pieces of fibre required to give
6.5.2 This test method has no bias because the value for
a total weight of at least 1 g, as follows:
percentage of ash is determined solely in terms of this test
8.3.1 Sheets—For sheets less than ⁄16 in. (1.59 mm) in
method itself.
thickness, the pieces for the test specimen shall be 75 by 25
mm by the thickness of the sheet; for sheets ⁄16 in. and over in
7. Silica
thickness, the pieces for the test specimen shall be 75 by 3 mm
7.1 Significance and Use—This test method is useful in
by the thickness of the sheet. The pieces shall be band-sawed
determiningthecontinuityofqualityofvulcanizedfibresheets,
or sheared from the sample so as to produce smooth edges free
tubes,androdsandinprovidingameansofevaluatingchanges
of cracks. The sawed faces shall be sanded or filed to remove
in the leaching medium and the efficiency of the leaching
any protruding sections that might be broken off during the
process.
test. The sample shall be sawed slowly so that the fibre is not
heated appreciably. The thickness of the specimens shall be
7.2 Test Specimen—The test specimen shall consist of
measured to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) in the direction
approximately3gof vulcanized fibre in the form of finely
perpendicular to the natural faces of the original sample.
divided particles, such as millings or filings.
8.3.2 Tubes—For tubes less than ⁄16 in. (1.59 mm) in wall
7.3 Procedure—(Warning— Both hydrochloric acid (HCl)
thickness, the pieces for the test specimen shall be 25-mm
and hydrofluoric acid (HF) are corrosive and toxic. Take care
lengths. For tubes ⁄16 in. and over in wall thickness, the pieces
to avoid spillage and contact with the skin. Evaporate solutions
for the test specimen shall be 3-mm lengths slowly cut with a
of these acids in a well-ventilated fume hood.) Dry the test
band saw.
specimen for1hat105to110°C.Transfer the dried specimen
8.3.3 Rods—For rods less than ⁄16 in. (4.76 mm) in diam-
to a crucible and slowly ignite it to constant weight. Wet the
eter,thepiecesforthetestspecimenshallconsistofcontinuous
ash with distilled water and transfer to a heat-resistant glass
lengths. For rods ⁄16 in. and over in diameter, the pieces for the
beaker. Add about 75 mL of HCl (sp gr 1.19) and cover the
test specimen shall be 3-mm lengths slowly cut with a band
beaker with a watchglass. Evaporate the contents of the beaker
saw.
todryness.Totheresidueslowlyadd10mLofHCl(spgr1.19)
8.4 Procedure—Test three specimens, each consisting of
followedby75mLofdistilledwater.Filterthemixturethrough
one or more pieces of fibre as required, individually. Weigh
ashless filter paper and wash with cold water, then with warm
eachspecimentothenearest1mg,andplaceitinamechanical
water,untilthefiltrateisfreeofchlorides.Ignitethefilterpaper
convection oven maintained at a temperature of 135 62°C
to constant weight in a weighed platinum crucible. Then add 4
and heated for the period prescribed in the following table.
mLof HF (48 to 60 %) and apply heat until all white fumes are
Specimens less than ⁄32 in. (0.80 mm) in thickness shall be
driven off. Cool and weigh the crucible. The difference
weighed (but not heated) in a weighing bottle.
between this weight and the previous one indicates silicon
present as silica. The results shall be expressed as a percentage
Size Heating
Period, h
of the weight of the dried specimen.
Sheets Under ⁄16 in. (1.59 mm), in thickness 2
⁄16 and over in thickness 4
7.4 Report—Report the following information:
Tubes Under ⁄16 in. in wall thickness 2
7.4.1 Identification of the material, and
⁄16 in. and over in wall thickness 4
7.4.2 The percentage by weight of silica. 3
Rods Under ⁄16 in. (4.76 mm) in diameter 2
⁄16 in. and over in diameter 4
7.5 Precision and Bias:
8.4.1 Remove the specimens from the oven, cool in a
7.5.1 This test method has been used for many years, but no
desiccator, and weigh to the n
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D619 − 99 (Reapproved 2004) D619 − 99 (Reapproved 2004)An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Vulcanized Fibre Used for Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D619; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the procedures for testing vulcanized fibre sheets, tubes, and rods of such grades as can be used
for electrical insulation.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:
Procedure Section
Arc resistance 23
Ash 6
Bond strength (ply adhesion) 16
Bursting strength 14
Compressive strength 12, 25, 30
Conditioning 4
Density 17, 26, 32
Dielectric strength 18, 27
Dimensional measurements 28, 33
Flammability 22
Flexural strength 13, 31
Silica 7
Tearing strength 11
Tensile strength 10, 24, 29
Thickness (sheets) 20
Resistance to impact 15
Rockwell hardness 19
Volatile matter 8
Water absorption 5
Zinc chloride 9
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.3 and 22.1.
NOTE 1—The test methods described herein are similar technically to those described in IEC Publication 60667-2. Not all of the tests in this document
are included in IEC 60667-2, and the procedures in the two publications are not completely identical; but it is expected that comparable results will be
obtained from most of the procedures and comparative tests should be made if necessary before directly comparing results of tests using the different
procedures.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at
Commercial Power Frequencies
D202 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
D229 Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical Insulation
D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics
D348 Test Methods for Rigid Tubes Used for Electrical Insulation
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 1999. Originally approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 1994 as D619 – 94. DOI:
10.1520/D0619-99R04.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D619 − 99 (2004)
D349 Test Methods for Laminated Round Rods Used for Electrical Insulation
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2013)
D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
D668 Test Methods of Measuring Dimensions of Rigid Rods and Tubes Used for Electrical Insulation
D689 Test Method for Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper (Withdrawn 2009)
D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
D785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and Paperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-Elongation Apparatus (Withdrawn
2009)
D952 Test Method for Bond or Cohesive Strength of Sheet Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
D6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Materials for Testing (Withdrawn 2012)
2.2 IEC Standard:
IEC 60667-2 Specification for Vulcanized Fibre for Electrical Purposes–Part 2: Methods of Test
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 vulcanized fibre, n—a material made from chemically gelatinized cellulosic paper or board using zinc chloride as the
gelatinizing agent.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The zinc chloride is subsequently removed by leaching. The resulting product, after being dried and finished by calendering, is a
material of partially regenerated cellulose in which the fibrous structure is retained in varying degrees depending on the grade of
paper used and on the processing conditions. Material up to about 25 mm in thickness is produced by bonding multiple layers of
paper (or board) after chemical treatment. Vulcanized fibre does not contain vulcanized rubber or sulfur as the name might imply.
Thin vulcanized fibre has sometimes been termed “fish paper”.
3.1.2 For definitions of other terms used in this standard refer to Terminology D1711.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 In referring to the cutting of specimens and the application of the load, the following definitions of terms apply:
3.2.2 crosswise (CW)—the direction of the sheet which is at 90° to the lengthwise direction, and which is normally the weakest
direction in flexure. For some materials, including the raw materials used for manufacture of materials considered herein, this
direction may be designated as the cross-machine direction or the weft direction.
3.2.3 edgewise loading—mechanical force applied in the plane of the original sheet or plate.
3.2.4 flatwise loading—mechanical force applied normal to the surfaces of the original sheet or plate.
3.2.5 lengthwise (LW)—the direction of the sheet which is strongest in flexure.
3.2.5.1 Discussion—
For some materials, including the raw materials used for the manufacture of materials considered herein, this direction may be
designated as the machine direction or the warp direction.
3.3 Definitions:
3.3.1 In the case of thin material, the following definitions of terms apply:
3.3.2 machine direction—the lengthwise direction in which the paper is formed and travels on the paper machine, wire, or
cylinder.
3.3.3 cross direction—the direction at right angles to the machine direction.
NOTE 2—These definitions of terms conform to the practice of the paper industry.
4. Conditioning
4.1 Vulcanized fibre shall be conditioned for mechanical tests in accordance with Practice D6054, using Procedure A for
conditioning material 0.045 in. (1.14 mm) and under in thickness, and Procedure B for conditioning material over 0.045 in. in
D619 − 99 (2004)
thickness. In case of dispute in tests of materials over 0.045 in. in thickness, the material shall be exposed for 48 h at standard
laboratory atmosphere prior to conditioning by Procedure B.
4.2 Vulcanized fibre shall be conditioned for electrical tests in accordance with Practice D6054, using Procedure A. In case of
dispute, a referee test shall be used in which the time of exposure to standard laboratory atmosphere is increased to a minimum
period of 7 days for all thicknesses.
NOTE 3—Conditioning of specimens may be undertaken (1) for the purpose of bringing the material into equilibrium with normal or average room
conditions of 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity, ( 2) simply to obtain reproducible results regardless of the previous history of exposure, or (3) to subject
the material to various conditions of temperature or humidity in order to predict its service behavior.
The conditioning of Procedure B prescribed in Practice D6054 to obtain reproducible results may give physical values somewhat higher or somewhat
lower than the values at equilibrium under normal conditions, depending upon the test. This procedure for conditioning is used because of the relatively
short time required. To bring the material to an equilibrium condition in a controlled humidity would require a long period of time which might extend
over many months, for example, for thicknesses over 25 mm. The exact length of time would depend upon such factors as thickness, grade, and previous
history of the specimens, and it would be too long for ordinary commercial test purposes. It is probable that the time of exposure for some very thin sizes
of material conditioned in accordance with Procedure A may be reduced, but sufficient data on the various thicknesses are not yet available to permit a
decision to be made.
METHODS APPLICABLE TO SHEETS, TUBES, AND RODS
5. Water Absorption
5.1 Significance and Use—This test method is a guide for the proportion of water absorbed in vulcanized fibre sheets, tubes,
and rods and to the effects thereof on certain electrical and mechanical properties. It also is useful in determining the uniformity
of quality in these materials.
5.2 Procedure—Determine water absorption in accordance with Test Method D570 on specimens dried in an oven for 1 h at 105
to 110 °C prior to immersion in water.
6. Ash
6.1 Significance and Use—This test method provides a procedure for determining the amount of ash of a dried specimen which
may be useful in determining the continuity of quality.
6.2 Test Specimen—The test specimen shall consist of 2 to 5 g of vulcanized fibre in the form of finely divided particles, such
as millings or filings.
6.3 Procedure—Dry the test specimen for 2 h at 105 to 110 °C and weigh. Then ignite the specimen to constant weight in a
crucible and reweigh. Calculate the percentage of ash, based on the weight of the dried specimen.
6.4 Report—Report the following information:
6.4.1 Identification of the material, and
6.4.2 The percentage by weight of ash.
6.5 Precision and Bias:
6.5.1 This test method has been used for many years, but no information has been presented to ASTM upon which to base a
precision statement. No activity has been planned to develop such information.
6.5.2 This test method has no bias because the value for percentage of ash is determined solely in terms of this test method itself.
7. Silica
7.1 Significance and Use—This test method is useful in determining the continuity of quality of vulcanized fibre sheets, tubes,
and rods and in providing a means of evaluating changes in the leaching medium and the efficiency of the leaching process.
7.2 Test Specimen—The test specimen shall consist of approximately 3 g of vulcanized fibre in the form of finely divided
particles, such as millings or filings.
7.3 Procedure—(Warning— Both hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) are corrosive and toxic. Take care to
avoid spillage and contact with the skin. Evaporate solutions of these acids in a well-ventilated fume hood.) Dry the test specimen
for 1 h at 105 to 110 °C. Transfer the dried specimen to a crucible and slowly ignite it to constant weight. Wet the ash with distilled
water and transfer to a heat-resistant glass beaker. Add about 75 mL of HCl (sp gr 1.19) and cover the beaker with a watchglass.
Evaporate the contents of the beaker to dryness. To the residue slowly add 10 mL of HCl (sp gr 1.19) followed by 75 mL of distilled
water. Filter the mixture through ashless filter paper and wash with cold water, then with warm water, until the filtrate is free of
chlorides. Ignite the filter paper to constant weight in a weighed platinum crucible. Then add 4 mL of HF (48 to 60 %) and apply
heat until all white fumes are driven off. Cool and weigh the crucible. The difference between this weight and the previous one
indicates silicon present as silica. The results shall be expressed as a percentage of the weight of the dried specimen.
7.4 Report—Report the following information:
7.4.1 Identification of the material, and
7.4.2 The percentage by weight of silica.
D619 − 99 (2004)
7.5 Precision and Bias:
7.5.1 This test method has been used for many years, but no information has been presented to ASTM upon which to base a
precision statement. No activity has been planned to develop such information.
7.5.2 This test method has no bias because the value for percentage of silica is determined solely in terms of this test method
itself.
8. Volatile Matter
8.1 Significance and Use—The presence of high levels of volatile matter may be detrimental to the use of vulcanized fibre
sheets, tubes, and rods in some electrical applications. Data on volatile content may determine the suitability for a particular
application and may be useful in determining the continuity of quality.
8.2 Purpose—This test method is intended for the rapid determination of the amount of moisture and other volatile matter in
vulcanized fibre of all grades and thicknesses.
8.3 Test Specimens—Prepare the test specimen which consists of the minimum number of pieces of fibre required to give a total
weight of at least 1 g, as follows:
8.3.1 Sheets—For sheets less than ⁄16 in. (1.59 mm) in thickness, the pieces for the test specimen shall be 75 by 25 mm by the
thickness of the sheet; for sheets ⁄16 in. and over in thickness, the pieces for the test specimen shall be 75 by 3 mm by the thickness
of the sheet. The pieces shall be band-sawed or sheared from the sample so as to produce smooth edges free of cracks. The sawed
faces shall be sanded or filed to remove any protruding sections that might be broken off during the test. The sample shall be sawed
slowly so that the fibre is not heated appreciably. The thickness of the specimens shall be measured to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025
mm) in the direction perpendicular to the natural faces of the original sample.
8.3.2 Tubes—For tubes less than ⁄16 in. (1.59 mm) in wall thickness, the pieces for the test specimen shall be 25-mm lengths.
For tubes ⁄16 in. and over in wall thickness, the pieces for the test specimen
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