ASTM D4243-23

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Average Viscometric Degree of Polymerization of New and Aged Electrical Papers and Boards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method applies to all papers made from unmodified cellulose, as used in transformer, cable, or capacitor manufacture. It applies to new or aged papers. For information, Appendix X1 shows an example of statistical distribution of  values for new papers intended for the insulation of transformers, together with information relative to cable and capacitor papers. Nevertheless, where evaluating the decomposition stage of aged papers, take care to use, as a reference, the  value of the new paper of the very same origin;  of new papers being a function, among other factors, of their specific gravity and of their manufacturing process.  
5.2 This test method can also be used for the determination of the intrinsic viscosity of solutions of chemically modified papers, provided that these dissolve completely in the selection solvent. Use this test method with caution when it is applied to papers with mineral fillers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a standard procedure for determining the average viscometric degree of polymerization (abbreviated ) of new or aged electrical papers. The determination is made by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of a solution of the paper in an appropriate solvent.  
1.2 The degree of polymerization (or the degree of condensation) of a particular cellulose molecule is the number of anhydro-β-glucose monomers, C6H10O5, in the cellulose molecule. Within a sample of paper, not all the cellulose molecules have the same degree of polymerization so that the mean value measured by viscometric methods is not necessarily the same as that which are obtained by other methods.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2023
• ICS: 29.035.10 - Paper and board insulating materials
• Technical Committee: D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
• Drafting Committee: D09.01 - Electrical Insulating Products

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4243 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Average Viscometric Degree of
Polymerization of New and Aged Electrical Papers and
1
Boards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
1.1 This test method describes a standard procedure for 2.2 Other Document:
determining the average viscometric degree of polymerization IEC 60450 Measurement of the Average Viscometric Degree
3
¯
of Polymerization of New and Aged Electrical Papers
(abbreviated DP ) of new or aged electrical papers. The
v
determination is made by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of a
3. Terminology
solution of the paper in an appropriate solvent.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.2 The degree of polymerization (or the degree of conden-
method, refer to Terminology D1711.
sation) of a particular cellulose molecule is the number of
anhydro-β-glucose monomers, C H O , in the cellulose mol-
6 10 5
ecule. Within a sample of paper, not all the cellulose molecules 4. Summary of Test Method
have the same degree of polymerization so that the mean value
4.1 This test method measures the specific viscosity of a
measured by viscometric methods is not necessarily the same
solution of the paper in cupriethylene–diamine. From this
as that which are obtained by other methods.
measurement the intrinsic viscosity of the solution is deduced,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the and from this the degree of polymerization is easily calculated.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 This test method follows very closely the procedures
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
specified in IEC 60450.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
See Section 9.
5.1 This test method applies to all papers made from
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
unmodified cellulose, as used in transformer, cable, or capaci-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tor manufacture. It applies to new or aged papers. For
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
information, Appendix X1 shows an example of statistical
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
¯
distribution of DP values for new papers intended for the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical v
insulation of transformers, together with information relative to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
cable and capacitor papers. Nevertheless, where evaluating the
2. Referenced Documents
decomposition stage of aged papers, take care to use, as a
2 ¯
reference, the DP value of the new paper of the very same
2.1 ASTM Standards:
v
¯
origin; DP of new papers being a function, among other
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
v
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos- factors, of their specific gravity and of their manufacturing
process.
ity)
5.2 This test method can also be used for the determination
1
of the intrinsic viscosity of solutions of chemically modified
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
papers, provided that these dissolve completely in the selection
Subcommittee D09.01 on Electrical Insulating Products.
solvent. Use this test method with caution when it is applied to
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally
papers with mineral fillers.
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4243 – 16. DOI:
10.1520/D4243-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4243 − 23
6. Interferences Cu NH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH OH (2)
@ ~ ! #~ !
2 2 2 2
2 2
6.1 Lignins, that ar
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4243 − 16 D4243 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Average Viscometric Degree of
Polymerization of New and Aged Electrical Papers and
1
Boards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes a standard procedure for determining the average viscometric degree of polymerization
¯
(abbreviated DP ) of new or aged electrical papers. The determination is made by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of a solution
v
of the paper in an appropriate solvent.
1.2 The degree of polymerization (or the degree of condensation) of a particular cellulose molecule is the number of
anhydro-β-glucose monomers, C H O , in the cellulose molecule. Within a sample of paper, not all the cellulose molecules have
6 10 5
the same degree of polymerization so that the mean value measured by viscometric methods is not necessarily the same as that
which are obtained by other methods.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and to safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. See Section 9.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
2.2 Other Document:
3
IEC 60450 Measurement of the Average Viscometric Degree of Polymerization of New and Aged Electrical Papers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1711.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.01 on Electrical Insulating Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016May 1, 2023. Published November 2016May 2023. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20092016 as
D4243 – 99 (2009).D4243 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D4243-16.10.1520/D4243-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4243 − 23
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method measures the specific viscosity of a solution of the paper in cupriethylene–diamine. From this measurement
the intrinsic viscosity of the solution is deduced, and from this the degree of polymerization is easily calculated.
4.2 This test method follows very closely the procedures specified in IEC 60450.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method applies to all papers made from unmodified cellulose, as used in transformer, cable, or capacitor manufacture.
¯
It applies to new or aged papers. For information, Appendix X1 shows an example of statistical distribution of DP values for new
v
papers intended for the insulation of transformers, together with information relative to cable and capacitor papers. Nevertheless,
¯
where evaluating the decomposition stage of aged papers, take care to use, as a reference, the DP value of the new paper of the
v
¯
very same origin; DP of new papers being a function, among other factors, of their specific gravity and of their manufacturing
v
process.
5.2 This test method can also be used for the determination of the intrinsic vis
...