ASTM D2395-02

Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the specific gravity of wood and wood-based materials to generally desired degrees of accuracy and for specimens of different sizes, shapes, and moisture content conditions. The method title is indicative of the procedures used or the specific area of use.SectionMethod A-Volume by Measurement6Method B-Volume by Water Immersion9Method C-Flotation Tube12Method D-Forstner Bit15Method E-Increment Core18Method F-Chips21
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-2002
• ICS: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
• ICS: 79.060.01 - Wood-based panels in general
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.01 - Fundamental Test Methods and Properties

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D2395-06 - Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D3501-05a(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Wood-Based Structural Panels in Compression
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3500-20 - Standard Test Methods for Wood Structural Panels in Tension
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D143-22 - Standard Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7147-21 - Standard Specification for Testing and Establishing Allowable Loads of Joist Hangers
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6643-01(2023) - Standard Test Method for Testing Wood-Base Panel Corner Impact Resistance
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3043-17 - Standard Test Methods for Structural Panels in Flexure
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D1761-20 - Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Wood and Wood-Based Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D1666-22 - Standard Test Methods for Conducting Machining Tests of Wood and Wood-Base Panel Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5764-23a - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strength of Wood and Wood-Based Products
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D1185-98a(2017) - Standard Test Methods for Pallets and Related Structures Employed in Materials Handling and Shipping
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7966/D7966M-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Creep of Adhesives in Static Shear by Compression Loading (Wood-to-Wood)
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7031-11(2019) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical and Physical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composite Products
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D198-22a - Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D2719-19 - Standard Test Methods for Wood Structural Panels in Shear Through-the-Thickness
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2395 – 02
Standard Test Methods for
1
Specific Gravity of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2395; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The specific gravity is the weight of any given volume of a substance divided by the weight of an
equal volume of water. As both the weight and volume of wood vary with the amount of moisture
contained in the wood, specific gravity as applied to wood is an indefinite quantity unless the
conditions under which it is determined are clearly specified.The specific gravity of wood is generally
based on the weight when oven-dry, but the volume may be that in the oven-dry, partially dry, or green
condition. The amount of moisture retained at any equilibrium condition is proportional to the dry
weight of the specimen, and for this reason moisture content is normally expressed as a percent of the
oven-dry weight of the wood.
1. Scope D 4444 Test methods for Use and Calibration of Hand-Held
2
Moisture Meters
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
specificgravityofwoodandwood-basedmaterialstogenerally
3. Summary of Test Methods
desired degrees of accuracy and for specimens of different
3.1 The accuracy of the specific gravity value obtained on a
sizes, shapes, and moisture content conditions. The method
representative specimen will depend upon the accuracy of the
title is indicative of the procedures used or the specific area of
measurements made. If the specimens are carefully prepared
use.
and regular in shape, the volume determined by MethodAcan
Section
be quite exact. The volume of irregularly shaped specimens
MethodA—VolumebyMeasurement 6
MethodB—VolumebyWaterImmersion 9
can best be determined by immersion in water and if due care
MethodC—FlotationTube 12
is taken to prevent absorption of water, Method B will give
MethodD—ForstnerBit 15
results of great precision. Method C is an approximate method
MethodE—IncrementCore 18
MethodF—Chips 21
but a procedure that can be very useful, particularly as part of
a production procedure. Methods D and E are especially
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
adapted to gravity measurements of living trees or of in-place
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
elements and the accuracy of the result is dependent upon the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
care used in obtaining the specimen. Method F is a specific
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
procedure for wood chips.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 Conversion of Values—It may often be desirable to
2. Referenced Documents
convert the specific gravity obtained at one moisture content to
that at some other moisture content condition. This may be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
approximated by the use of the chart in Fig. 1. The values of
D 9 Terminology Relating to Wood
specific gravity based on oven-dry volume or volume at the
D 4442 TestMethodsforDirectMoistureContentMeasure-
2
current moisture content, less than the fiber saturation value,
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
are read on the left-hand scale. The specific gravity values
based on green volume are plotted on the diagonal lines. All
1
values are based on oven-dry weight.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental
3.2.1 To illustrate the use of the chart, assume the specific
Test Methods and Properties.
gravity on an oven-dry weight and green volume basis is 0.55
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published May 2002. Originally
e2
and it is desired to find the specific gravity for a 12 % moisture
published as D 2395 – 65 T. Last previous edition D 2395 – 93 (1997) .
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10. content condition. Enter the chart at the 12 % moisture content
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D2395–02
FIG. 1 Relation of Specific Gravity and Moisture Content
and move vertically to the point where this line intersects the intersection with the 15 % moisture content line and then
0.55 specific gravity value (between diagonals 0.54 an
...