ASTM D1761-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Wood and Wood-Based Materials
Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Wood and Wood-Based Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The resistance of a species of wood or a wood-based product to withdrawal of nails, staples, or screws is a measure of its ability to hold or be held to an adjoining object by means of such fasteners. Factors that affect this withdrawal resistance include the physical and mechanical properties of the wood; the size, shape, and surface condition of the fasteners; the speed of withdrawal; physical changes to wood or fasteners between time of driving and time of withdrawal; orientation of the fastener relative to the fiber axis; and the occurrence and nature of pre-bored lead holes.
5.2 By using consistent sizes and types of nails, staples, and screws, withdrawal resistance of a wood species or wood product can be determined, and such values for two or more wood species or wood products can be compared. Similarly, comparative performances of different sizes or types of nails, staples, or screws can be determined by using a standard procedure with a particular wood or wood-based product, which eliminates the wood or the wood-based product as a variable. Since differences in test methods can have considerable influence on results, it is important that a standard procedure be specified and adhered to if test values are to be related to other test results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods provide a basic procedure for evaluating the withdrawal and lateral resistance of fasteners installed in wood and wood-based materials. Spikes are included as nails in this standard.
1.2 The tests also provide a basis for determining comparable performance of different types and sizes of fasteners installed in wood and wood-based materials.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1761 − 20
Standard Test Methods for
1
Mechanical Fasteners in Wood and Wood-Based Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1761; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The use of wood and wood-based materials in many structural and other applications often involves
the use of mechanical fasteners, such as nails, screws, bolts, lag screws, and timber connectors. Data
on the resistance and performance of such fasteners are frequently needed for design and for
comparative purposes. Presented are methods of conducting tests for nail, staple, and screw (except
machine screws) withdrawal resistance and lateral load transmission by nail, staple, screw, bolt, and
timber connector.The use of standard methods for these tests is recommended as a means of obtaining
comparable data and of eliminating variables in test results because of variations in testing methods.
The tests appear in the following order:
Sections
Nail, staple, or screw withdrawal test 4 to 13
Nail, staple, or screw lateral resistance test 14 to 21
Bolted or timber connector joint test 22 to 30
Keywords 31
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 These test methods provide a basic procedure for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
evaluating the withdrawal and lateral resistance of fasteners
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
installed in wood and wood-based materials. Spikes are in-
cluded as nails in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 The tests also provide a basis for determining compa-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
rable performance of different types and sizes of fasteners
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-
installed in wood and wood-based materials.
ucts
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D2395 TestMethodsforDensityandSpecificGravity(Rela-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
tive Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
and are not considered standard.
D2915 Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Struc-
tural Wood and Wood-Based Products
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
ment of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
F547 Terminology of Nails for Use with Wood and Wood-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Base Materials
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
F1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Staples
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.05 on Wood Assem-
2
blies. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 15, 2020. Published July 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1761 – 12. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1761-20. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1761 − 20
2.2 Other Standards: movable head and has an accuracy of 61 % when calibrated in
3
ASME B18.6.1 Wood Screws (Inch Series) accordance with Practices E4.
Federal Specification FF-W-92 for Washers, Metal, Flat
6.2 Grips—A gripping device shaped to fit the base of the
4
(Plain)
fastener head and of such a design as to allow accurate
specimen positioning and true axial loading, is required. A
3. Terminology
clamping assembly that will hold the specimen to one platen of
3.1 Definitions:
the machine is also required. A suitable test mechanism for
3.1.1 For general definitions of te
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1761 − 12 D1761 − 20
Standard Test Methods for
1
Mechanical Fasteners in Wood and Wood-Based Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1761; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The use of wood and wood-basewood-based materials in many structural and other applications
often involves the use of mechanical fasteners, such as nails, screws, bolts, lag screws, and timber
connectors. Data on the strengthresistance and performance of such fasteners are frequently needed for
design and for comparative purposes. Tests of mechanical fasteners (except nail withdrawal) have
been generally regarded as special tests and have not been included in the standard methods already
established for evaluating the properties of wood. Many such special tests have been extensively used
over a considerable period but have not previously been established as standards. Presented herewith
Presented are methods of conducting tests for nail, staple, and screw (except machine screws)
withdrawal resistance; resistance and lateral load transmission by nail, staple, screw, bolt, and timber
connector; and load transmission by nail plates. connector. The use of standard methods for these tests
is recommended as a means of obtaining comparable data and of eliminating variables in test results
because of variations in testing methods.
The tests appear in the following order:
Sections
Nail, Staple, or Screw Withdrawal Test 1 to 12
Nail, staple, or screw withdrawal test 4 to 13
Lateral Nail, 13 to 20
Staple, or Screw
Resistance Test
Nail, staple, or screw lateral resistance test 14 to 21
Testing Bolted and Timber Connector Joints 21 to 30
Bolted or timber connector joint test 22 to 30
Keywords 31
NAIL, STAPLE, OR SCREW WITHDRAWAL TEST
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods provide a basic procedure for evaluating the withdrawal and lateral resistance of wood and wood-base
materials to direct withdrawal of nails, staples, and screws. fasteners installed in wood and wood-based materials. Spikes are
included as nails in this standard.
1.2 The tests also provide a basis for determining comparable performance of different types and sizes of nails, staples, and
screws in direct withdrawal from wood and wood-basefasteners installed in wood and wood-based materials.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.05 on Wood Assemblies.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012April 15, 2020. Published November 2012July 2020. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 as
D1761 – 06.D1761 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/D1761-12.10.1520/D1761-20.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1761 − 20
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Products
D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
D2395 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
D2915 Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Structural Wood and Wood-Based Products
D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verificati
...
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