ASTM D2937-00e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Drive-Cylinder Method
Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Drive-Cylinder Method
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of in-place density of soil by the drive-cylinder method. The test method involves obtaining a relatively undisturbed soil sample by driving a thin-walled cylinder and the subsequent activities for the determination of in-place density. When sampling or in-place density is required at depth, Test Method D1587 should be used.
1.2 This test method is not appropriate for sampling organic soils which can compress upon sampling, very hard natural soils and heavily compacted soils which cannot be easily penetrated by the drive sampler, soils of low plasticity which will not be readily retained in the cylinder, or soils which contain appreciable amounts of gravel (particles coarser than 4.75 mm (3/16 in.)). The presence of particles coarser than 4.75 mm (3/16in.) may introduce significant errors in density measurements by causing voids along the wall of the cylinder during driving, and when coarse materials have to be dislodged by the trimming of the sample obtained by the cylinder.
1.3 This test method is limited to the procedures necessary for obtaining specimens suitable for determining the in-place density and water content of certain soils. The procedures and precautions necessary for selecting locations and obtaining undisturbed samples suitable for laboratory testing or otherwise determining engineering properties is beyond the scope of this test method.
1.4 It is common practice in the engineering profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and a unit of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units, that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. This test method has been written using the gravitational system of units when dealing with the inch-pound system. In this system the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight). However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm), or the recording of density in lbm/ft 3 should not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
1.5 The standard values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:D2937–00
Standard Test Method for
1
Density of Soil in Place by the Drive-Cylinder Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2937; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Figure 1 was editorially corrected in July 2002.
3
1. Scope * pounds of mass (lbm), or the recording of density in lbm/ft
should not be regarded as nonconformance with this test
1.1 This test method covers the determination of in-place
method.
density of soil by the drive-cylinder method. The test method
1.5 The standard values stated in SI units are to be regarded
involves obtaining a relatively undisturbed soil sample by
as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for
driving a thin-walled cylinder and the subsequent activities for
information purposes only.
the determination of in-place density. When sampling or
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in-place density is required at depth, Test Method D 1587
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
should be used.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 This test method is not appropriate for sampling organic
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
soils which can compress upon sampling, very hard natural
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
soils and heavily compacted soils which cannot be easily
penetrated by the drive sampler, soils of low plasticity which
2. Referenced Documents
will not be readily retained in the cylinder, or soils which
2.1 ASTM Standards:
contain appreciable amounts of gravel (particles coarser than
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
3
4.75 mm ( ⁄16 in.)). The presence of particles coarser than 4.75
2
3 Fluids
mm ( ⁄16in.) may introduce significant errors in density mea-
D 698 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Character-
surements by causing voids along the wall of the cylinder
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,000 ft-lbf/ft (600
duringdriving,andwhencoarsematerialshavetobedislodged
2
kN-m/m))
by the trimming of the sample obtained by the cylinder.
D 1557 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Character-
1.3 This test method is limited to the procedures necessary
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2700
for obtaining specimens suitable for determining the in-place
2
kN-m/m))
density and water content of certain soils. The procedures and
2
D 1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils
precautions necessary for selecting locations and obtaining
D 2216 TestMethodforLaboratoryDeterminationofWater
undisturbed samples suitable for laboratory testing or other-
2
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock
wisedeterminingengineeringpropertiesisbeyondthescopeof
D 2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
this test method.
2
for Engineering Practices (Visual-Manual Procedure)
1.4 It is common practice in the engineering profession to
D 3740 Practice for the Evaluation ofAgencies Engaged in
concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm)
the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
and a unit of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate
2
Engineering Design and Construction
systems of units, that is, the absolute system and the gravita-
D 4643 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture)
tionalsystem.Itisscientificallyundesirabletocombinetheuse
2
Content of Soil by the Microwave Oven Method
of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single
D 4753 Specification for Evaluating Selecting, and Speci-
standard. This test method has been written using the gravita-
fying Balances and Scales for Use in Soil, Rock, and
tional system of units when dealing with the inch-pound
2
Construction Materials Testing
system. In this system the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force
D 4944 Test Method for Field Determination of Water
(weight). However, the use of balances or scales recording
(Moisture) Content of Soil by the Calcium Carbide Gas
3
Pressure Tester Method
D 4959 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture)
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and
Construction Control Tests.
2
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published August 2000. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
3
published as D 2937 – 71. Last previous edition D 2937 – 94. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.