ASTM E1820-01

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures and guidelines for the determination of fracture toughness of metallic materials using the following parameters: K, J, and CTOD. Toughness can be measured in the R-curve format or as a point value. The fracture toughness determined in accordance with this test method is for the opening mode (Mode I) of loading.
1.2 The recommended specimens are single-edge bend, [SE(B)], compact, [C(T)], and disk-shaped compact, [DC(T)]. All specimens contain notches that are sharpened with fatigue cracks.
1.2.1 Specimen dimensional (size) requirements vary according to the fracture toughness analysis applied. The guidelines are established through consideration of material toughness, material flow strength, and the individual qualification requirements of the toughness value per values sought.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1--Other standard methods for the determination of fracture toughness using the parameters K, J, and CTOD are contained in Test Methods E399, E813, E1152, E1290, and E1737. This test method was developed to provide a common method for determining all applicable toughness parameters from a single test.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2001
• ICS: 77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E08 - Fatigue and Fracture
• Drafting Committee: E08.07 - Fracture Mechanics

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1820-99a - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Replaced By: ASTM E1820-05 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E2899-19e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Initiation Toughness in Surface Cracks Under Tension and Bending
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E647-23a - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E2215-19 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Surveillance Capsules from Light-Water Moderated Nuclear Power Reactor Vessels
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F3056-14(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N06625) with Powder Bed Fusion
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E1457-19e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Creep Crack Growth Times in Metals
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F3055-14a(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N07718) with Powder Bed Fusion
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E1823-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E509/E509M-21 - Standard Guide for In-Service Annealing of Light-Water Moderated Nuclear Reactor Vessels
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F3122-14(2022) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical Properties of Metal Materials Made via Additive Manufacturing Processes
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E399-23 - Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A788/A788M-23 - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E2818-11(2019) - Standard Practice for Determination of Quasistatic Fracture Toughness of Welds
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E185-21 - Standard Practice for Design of Surveillance Programs for Light-Water Moderated Nuclear Power Reactor Vessels
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 1820 – 01
Standard Test Method for
1
Measurement of Fracture Toughness
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1820; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E399 Test Method for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of
2
Metallic Materials
1.1 This test method covers procedures and guidelines for
E813 Test Method for J , A Measure of Fracture Tough-
Ic
the determination of fracture toughness of metallic materials
2
ness
using the following parameters: K, J, and CTOD (d). Tough-
2
E1152 Test Method for Determining J-R Curves
nesscanbemeasuredintheR-curveformatorasapointvalue.
E1290 Test Method for Crack-Tip Opening Displacement
The fracture toughness determined in accordance with this test
2
(CTOD) Fracture Toughness Measurement
method is for the opening mode (Mode I) of loading.
E1737 TestMethodforJ-IntegralCharacterizationofFrac-
1.2 The recommended specimens are single-edge bend,
2
ture Toughness
[SE(B)], compact, [C(T)], and disk-shaped compact, [DC(T)].
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture
All specimens contain notches that are sharpened with fatigue
2
Testing
cracks.
E1921 Test Method for Determination of Reference Tem-
1.2.1 Specimen dimensional (size) requirements vary ac-
2
perature, T , for Ferric Steels in Transition Range
o
cording to the fracture toughness analysis applied. The guide-
E1942 Guide for Evaluating Data Acquisition Systems
lines are established through consideration of material tough-
2
Used in Cyclic Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics Testing
ness, material flow strength, and the individual qualification
requirements of the toughness value per values sought.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Terminology E1823 is applicable to this test method.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.2 Definitions:
only.
−1
3.2.1 compliance [LF ], n— the ratio of displacement
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
increment to load increment.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 crack displacement [L], n—the separation vector be-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tween two points (on the surfaces of a deformed crack) that
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
were coincident on the surfaces of an ideal crack in the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
undeformed condition.
NOTE 1—Other standard methods for the determination of fracture
3.2.2.1 Discussion—In this practice, displacement, v, is the
toughness using the parameters K, J, and CTOD are contained in Test
total displacement measured by clip gages or other devices
MethodsE399,E813,E1152,E1290,andE1737.Thistestmethodwas
spanning the crack faces.
developed to provide a common method for determining all applicable
3.2.3 crack extension, Da [L], n—an increase in crack size.
toughness parameters from a single test.
−1 −2
3.2.4 crack-extension force, G [FL or FLL ], n—the
2. Referenced Documents
elastic energy per unit of new separation area that is made
availableatthefrontofanidealcrackinanelasticsolidduring
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
a virtual increment of forward crack extension.
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
2
3.2.5 crack size, a [L], n—a lineal measure of a principal
E8 TestMethodsforTensionTestingofMetallicMaterials
planar dimension of a crack. This measure is commonly used
E21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests
2
in the calculation of quantities descriptive of the stress and
of Metallic Materials
displacement fields, and is often also termed crack length or
depth.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue
3.2.5.1 Discussion—In practice, the value of a is obtained
and Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.08 on Elastic-
from procedures for measurement of physical crack size, a ,
p
Plastic Fracture Mechanics Technology.
original crack size, a , and effective crack size, a , as appro-
Current edition approved June 10, 2001. Published August 2001. Originally o e
published as E1820-96. Last previous edition E1820-99a. priate to the situation being considered.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E1820–01
3.2.6 crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD), d [L], crack surface to the other, used to characterize the local
n—the crack displacement due to e
...