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ASTM D3691/D3691M-19

(Specification)

Standard Performance Specification for Woven, Lace, and Knit Household Curtain and Drapery Fabrics

Standard Performance Specification for Woven, Lace, and Knit Household Curtain and Drapery Fabrics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Fabrics intended for this end-use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1.  (A) There is more than one standard test method that can be used to measure breaking strength, bursting strength, tear strength, and lightfastness. These test methods cannot be used interchangeably since there may be no overall correlation between them (see Note 2, Note 3, Note 4, Note 5, and Note 9).(B) Class in colorfastness and SA rating is based on a numerical scale of 5.0 for negligible color change, color transfer, or wrinkling to 1.0 for very severe color change, color transfer, or wrinkling. The numerical rating in Table 1 or higher is acceptable.(C) AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.(D) AATCC Gray Scale for Staining.(E) AATCC 9-Step Chromatic Transference Scale.(F) For durable-press fabrics only.(G) The development of a standard method has been referred to the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists.  
4.2 It should be recognized that fabric can be produced utilizing an almost infinite number of construction variables (e.g., type of fibers, percentage of fibers, yarn twist, yarn number, warp and pick count, chemical and mechanical finished). Additionally, fashion and aesthetics dictate that the ultimate consumer may find acceptable articles made from fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1.  
4.2.1 Hence, no single performance specification can possibly apply to all the various fabrics that could be utilized for this end-use.  
4.3 The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers the requirements for all knit, lace, foam back, stitch-bonded, conventional weights, and sheer woven fabrics to be used in the manufacture of curtains and draperies.  
1.2 This performance specification is applicable to all fabrics except those made of glass.  
1.3 For those properties where fabric direction is pertinent, these requirements apply to the length and width directions for woven fabric and to both the wale and course directions for knit fabric.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Jan-2019
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.63 - Home Furnishings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D2261-13(2017) - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
Effective Date
15-Jul-2017
Refers
ASTM D2261-13(2017)e1 - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
Effective Date
15-Jul-2017
Refers
ASTM D7023-06(2018) - Standard Terminology Relating to Home Furnishings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2018
Refers
ASTM D2724-07(2015) - Standard Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated Apparel Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Refers
ASTM D1336-07(2015) - Standard Test Method for Distortion of Yarn in Woven Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Refers
ASTM D1336-07(2019) - Standard Test Method for Distortion of Yarn in Woven Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019

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ASTM D3691/D3691M-19 - Standard Performance Specification for Woven, Lace, and Knit Household Curtain and Drapery FabricsASTM D3691/D3691M-19 - Standard Performance Specification for Woven, Lace, and Knit Household Curtain and Drapery Fabrics
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ASTM D3691/D3691M-19 - Standard Performance Specification for Woven, Lace, and Knit Household Curtain and Drapery Fabrics
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D3691/D3691M −19
Standard Performance Specification for
Woven, Lace, and Knit Household Curtain and Drapery
1
Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3691/D3691M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This performance specification covers the requirements
for all knit, lace, foam back, stitch-bonded, conventional D231 Methods of Testing Tolerances for Knit Goods; Re-
3
placed by D 3887 (Withdrawn 1980)
weights,andsheerwovenfabricstobeusedinthemanufacture
of curtains and draperies. D1336 Test Method for Distortion ofYarn in Woven Fabrics
D1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by
1.2 This performance specification is applicable to all fab-
Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) Apparatus
rics except those made of glass.
D2261 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the
1.3 For those properties where fabric direction is pertinent,
Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-
these requirements apply to the length and width directions for
Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
woven fabric and to both the wale and course directions for
D2724 Test Method for Bond Strength of Bonded, Fused,
knit fabric.
and Laminated Apparel Fabrics
D5034 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
D7023 Terminology Relating to Home Furnishings
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
4
2.2 AATCC Standards
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
TM8 Colorfastness to Crocking: Crockmeter Method
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
TM16.3 Colorfastness to Light: Xenon Arc
with the standard.
TM23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
TM61 Colorfastness to Laundering: Accelerated
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
TM116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical Crock-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
meter Method
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
TM124 Smoothness Appearance of Fabrics After Home
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Laundering
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
TM129 Colorfastness to Ozone in the Atmosphere Under
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
High Humidities
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
TM132 Colorfastness to Drycleaning
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
TM135 Dimensional Changes of Fabrics after Home Laun-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
dering
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on Home the ASTM website.
3
Furnishings. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2019. Published February 2019. Originally www.astm.org.
4
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3691 – 02(2008) Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
which was withdrawn January 2018 and reinstated in January 2019. DOI: 10.1520/ (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
D3691_D3691M-19. www.aatcc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3691/D3691M−19
TM172 Colorfastness to Powdered Non-Chlorine Bleach in Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile
4
Home Laundering Chemists and Colorists.
TM188 Colorfastness to Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach in
Home Laundering 4. Significance and Use
EP1 Gray Scale for Color Change
4.1 Fabrics intended for this end-use should meet all of the
EP2 Gray Scale for Staining
requirements listed in Table 1.
EP8 Chromatic Tr
...

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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.  
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ASTM D4157-13(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must accordingly be changed at frequent intervals or checked periodically against a standard. With disposable abradants, the abradant is used only once or changed after limited use. With permanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalent surfaces, it is assumed that the abradant will not change appreciably in a specific series of tests, but obviously similar abradants used in different laboratories will not likely change at the same rate due to differences in usage. Permanent abradants may also change due to pick up of finishing or other material from test fabrics and must accordingly be cleaned at frequent intervals. The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion may also be affected by the method of evaluation and may be influenced by the judgment of the operator.  
5.4 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a spe...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
Note 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods D3885, D3886, and AATCC 93.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off