ASTM D2457-13

Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss of Plastic Films and Solid Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Specular gloss is used primarily as a measure of the shiny appearance of films and surfaces. Precise comparisons of gloss values are meaningful only when they refer to the same measurement procedure and same general type of material. In particular, gloss values for transparent films should not be compared with those for opaque films, and vice versa. Gloss is a complex attribute of a surface which cannot be completely measured by any single number.  
4.2 Specular gloss usually varies with surface smoothness and flatness. It is sometimes used for comparative measurements of these surface properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures for the measurement of gloss of plastic films and solid plastics, both opaque and transparent. It contains four separate gloss angles (Note 1):  
1.1.1 60-deg, recommended for intermediate-gloss films,  
1.1.2 20-deg, recommended for high-gloss films,  
1.1.3 45-deg, recommended for intermediate and low-gloss films,  
1.1.4 85-deg, recommended for intermediate and low gloss films, and  
1.1.5 75-deg, recommended for plastic siding and soffit.Note 1—The 85-deg, 75-deg, 60-deg, and 20-deg apparatus and method of measurement duplicate those in Test Method D523 and D3679; those for the 45° procedure are similarly taken from Test Method C346.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2013
• ICS: 83.140.10 - Films and sheets
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.40 - Optical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2457 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Specular Gloss of Plastic Films and Solid Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2457; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°)
Geometry
1.1 This test method describes procedures for the measure-
ment of gloss of plastic films and solid plastics, both opaque
3. Terminology
and transparent. It contains four separate gloss angles (Note 1):
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.1.1 60-deg, recommended for intermediate-gloss films,
method, see Terminology E284.
1.1.2 20-deg, recommended for high-gloss films,
1.1.3 45-deg, recommended for intermediate and low-gloss
4. Significance and Use
films,
1.1.4 85-deg, recommended for intermediate and low gloss
4.1 Specular gloss is used primarily as a measure of the
films, and
shiny appearance of films and surfaces. Precise comparisons of
1.1.5 75-deg, recommended for plastic siding and soffit.
gloss values are meaningful only when they refer to the same
measurement procedure and same general type of material. In
NOTE 1—The 85-deg, 75-deg, 60-deg, and 20-deg apparatus and
particular, gloss values for transparent films should not be
method of measurement duplicate those inTest Method D523 and D3679;
those for the 45° procedure are similarly taken from Test Method C346. compared with those for opaque films, and vice versa. Gloss is
a complex attribute of a surface which cannot be completely
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
measured by any single number.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Specular gloss usually varies with surface smoothness
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and flatness. It is sometimes used for comparative measure-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ments of these surface properties.
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
5. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Instrumental Components—Each apparatus (Note 3)
2
shall consist of an incandescent light source furnishing an
2.1 ASTM Standards:
incident beam, means for locating the surface of the specimen,
C346 Test Method for 45-deg Specular Gloss of Ceramic
and a receptor located to receive the required pyramid of rays
Materials
reflected by the specimen. The receptor shall be a photosensi-
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
tive device responding to visible radiation.
D3679 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Siding
NOTE 3—The 75-, 60-, and 20-deg procedures require apparatus
E284 Terminology of Appearance identical to that specified in Test Method D523. The 45° procedure
requires apparatus like that specified in Test Method C346.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.2 Geometric Conditions—The axis of the incident beam
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
shallbeatoneofthespecifiedanglesfromtheperpendicularto
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
the specimen surface. The axis of the receptor shall be at the
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
mirror reflection of the axis of the incident beam. With a flat
piece of polished black glass or other front-surface mirror in
specimen position, an image of the source shall be formed at
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
the center of the receptor field stop (receptor window). The
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.40 on Optical Properties.
length of the illuminated area of the specimen shall be equal to
Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published April 2013. Originally
ε1
not more than one third of the distance from the center of this
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2457 – 08 . DOI:
10.1520/D2457-13.
area to the receptor field stop. The angular dimensions and
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tolerances of the geometry of the source and receptor shall be
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
as indicated in Table 1.The angular dimensions of the receptor
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. field stop are measured from the center of the test surface. The
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2457 − 13 D2457 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Specular Gloss of Plastic Films and Solid Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2457; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describes procedures for the measurement of gloss of plastic films and solid plastics, both opaque and
transparent. It contains four separate gloss angles (Note 1):
1.1.1 60-deg, recommended for intermediate-gloss films,
1.1.2 20-deg, recommended for high-gloss films,
1.1.3 45-deg, recommended for intermediate and low-gloss films,
1.1.4 85-deg, recommended for intermediate and low gloss films, and
1.1.5 75-deg, recommended for plastic siding and soffit.
NOTE 1—The 85-deg, 75-deg, 60-deg, and 20-deg apparatus and method of measurement duplicate those in Test Method D523 and D3679; those for
the 45° procedure are similarly taken from Test Method C346.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C346 Test Method for 45-deg Specular Gloss of Ceramic Materials
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D3679 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Siding
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°) Geometry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, see Terminology E284.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Specular gloss is used primarily as a measure of the shiny appearance of films and surfaces. Precise comparisons of gloss
values are meaningful only when they refer to the same measurement procedure and same general type of material. In particular,
gloss values for transparent films should not be compared with those for opaque films, and vice versa. Gloss is a complex attribute
of a surface which cannot be completely measured by any single number.
4.2 Specular gloss usually varies with surface smoothness and flatness. It is sometimes used for comparative measurements of
these surface properties.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.40 on Optical Properties.
ε1
Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published April 2013. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2457 – 08 . DOI:
10.1520/D2457-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2457 − 13
TABLE 1 Angular Dimensions and Tolerances of Geometry of Source and Receptor Field Stops
Source Field Stop Receptor Field Stop
In Plane of Measurement, Perpendicular to Plane of Perpendicular to Plane of
Geometry, deg Incidence Angle, deg In Plane of Measurement, deg
deg Measurement, deg Measurement, deg
75 75 ± 0.1 3.0 max
60 60 ± 0.1 0.75 ± 0.25 3.0 max 4.4 ± 0.1 11.7 ± 0.2
20 20 ± 0.1 0.75 ± 0.25 3.0 max 1.80 ± 0.05 3.6 ± 0.1
45 45 ± 0.1 1.4 ± 0.4 3.0 ± 1.0 8.0 ± 0.1 10.0 ± 0.2
5. Apparatus
5.1 Instrumental Components—Each apparatus (Note 3) shall consist of an incandescent light source furnishing an incident
beam, means for locating the surface of the specimen, and a receptor located to receive the required pyramid of rays reflected by
the specimen. The receptor shall be a photosensitive device responding to visible radiation.
NOTE 3—The 75-, 60-, and 20-deg procedures require apparatus identical to that specified in Test Method D523. The
...