ASTM B208-96(2003)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Preparing Tension Test Specimens for Copper Alloy Sand, Permanent Mold, Centrifugal, and Continuous Castings
Standard Practice for Preparing Tension Test Specimens for Copper Alloy Sand, Permanent Mold, Centrifugal, and Continuous Castings
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes procedures for preparing test coupons and specimens (machined and unmachined) for tension tests of copper alloys for sand, permanent mold, centrifugal and continuous castings.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard. SI values given in parentheses are for information only.
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Endorsed by
Designation: B 208 – 96 (Reapproved 2003) American Foundrymen’s Society
Standard Practice for
Preparing Tension Test Specimens for Copper Alloy Sand,
Permanent Mold, Centrifugal, and Continuous Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 208; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 4.1.1 High-Shrinkage Sand-Cast Alloys— The test speci-
men coupons for copper casting alloys exhibiting high shrink-
1.1 This practice establishes procedures for preparing test
age during freezing and cooling shall be cast to the form and
coupons and specimens (machined and unmachined) for ten-
dimensions shown in Fig. 1 (A or B) or 2 (A or B). If specimens
sion tests of copper alloys for sand, permanent mold, centrifu-
having threaded ends are to be used in the tension tests, the
gal and continuous castings.
length of the keel blocks in Fig. 1A may be reduced to 6 ⁄4 in.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard.
(159 mm). See Appendix X1. for SI equivalents.
SI values given in parentheses are for information only.
4.1.2 Low-Shrinkage Sand-Cast Alloys— The test specimen
2. Terminology
coupons for copper casting alloys exhibiting low shrinkage
during freezing and cooling shall be cast to the form and
2.1 Definitions of terms relating to copper alloys can be
dimensions shown in Fig. 2 (A or B), Fig. 3, or Fig. 4 or as may
found in Terminology B 846.
be prescribed in the casting specifications.
3. Significance and Use
4.2 Centrifugal Castings—Unless otherwise specified by
the purchaser, the manufacturer shall pour the test bars in the
3.1 The mechanical properties determined from test bars for
same type of mold as the castings themselves. That is, test bars
sand, permanent mold, and centrifugal castings poured in
for sand mold castings shall be poured in sand molds, and test
accordance with this practice represent the properties of the
bars for chill mold castings shall be poured in chill molds.
metal going into castings poured from the same heat. These
4.2.1 The centrifugally cast test specimen coupons shall be
mechanical properties may not be the same as the properties of
cast to the form and dimensions of Fig. 5.
the corresponding castings because of the solidification effects
4.3 Continuous Castings—Test bars shall be taken from the
of varying size, section, and design.
continuous cast product. Test bars may be taken before
3.2 Test bars for continuous castings are taken from the
mechanical straightening.
castings and therefore represent the properties of the castings.
4.3.1 Test bar coupons shall be taken in a longitudinal
4. Test Coupons
direction from the continuous cast product at the mid-wall of
hollow castings or at one-half the distance between the center
4.1 Sand Castings—The test bar coupons shall be made by
and the side of solid castings as illustrated in Fig. 6.
the same manufacturing process as the castings they represent
4.3.2 For irregular shapes, the location of the test bar
wherever possible. If the castings are cast entirely in green
coupon shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturer and
sand, partial cores shall be permitted for the test bars but in no
purchaser.
case shall chills be permitted. Unless otherwise agreed upon
4.3.3 Transverse test specimens are allowed for continuous
between the manufacturer and purchaser, test bars may be
cast product having a cross section thickness, diameter, or wall
poured in cores on a production line. The use of filters in the
of 4 in. or more. The cross sections are the diameter of a round
gating system is permitted.
solid, the distance across flats of a solid hexagon, the thickness
of a rectangle, and the wall thickness of a tube.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper and
4.4 Permanent Mold Castings—The test bar coupons shall
Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.05 on Castings
be made in the permanent die for test bars shown in Fig. 7. The
and Ingots for Remelting.
runner, gate, and risers shall be coated with an insulating spray.
Current edition approved Apr. 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as B 208 – 96. The test bar cavity shall be coated with a graphite spray. Test
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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B 208 – 96 (2003)
(a) Bottom Gating
(b) Bottom Gating (Lower Weight Version)
NOTE 1—Where this type of test bar design is used, bottom gating is recommended for alloys such as aluminum bronze, where turbulence and oxidation
are factors.
FIG. 1 Double Keel Block Test Bar
bar casting shall be poured in the tilted position and rotated to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3. They shall be of the form and
the vertical position during pouring. dimensions shown in Fig. 8 for the 0.500-in. standard test bar
specimen.
5. Test Specimens
5.1.1 In the case of test specimens prepared from the
5.1 Sand Cast—Tension test specimens shall be machined coupons in Fig. 4, the manufacturer shall have the option of
from the coupons described in 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 and shown in testing the specimens without machining the gage length. If the
B 208 – 96 (2003)
FIG. 2a Double Horizontal Full-Web Type Test Bars
FIG. 2 b Triple Full-Web Type Test Bar
specimens are machined, the gage length, parallel sections, and 5.3 Continuous Cast—Tension test specimens shall be ma-
fillets shall be machined to the dimensions shown in Fig. 8. chined from the continuous cast product as described in 4.3.1
5.2 Centrifugally Cast—Tension test specimens shall be
and shown in Fig. 6. They shall be of the form and dimensions
machined from the coupons described in 4.2.1 and shown in
as shown in Fig. 8.
Fig. 5. They shall be of the form and dimensions shown in Fig.
8.
B 208 – 96 (2003)
(a) Gating Design for Double Ver
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