ASTM C977-03

Standard Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization

ABSTRACT
This specification pertains to quicklime and hydrated lime, either high calcium, dolomitic, or magnesium lime, for use in stabilization of soils. Quicklime and hydrated lime for soil stabilization shall conform to the required chemical composition for calcium, magnesium oxides, carbon dioxide, and free moisture. The physical properties of hydrated lime, quicklime, and residue of quicklime shall not exceed the specified limits. Chemical analysis of quicklime and hydrated lime shall be conducted. The particle size of hydrated lime shall be determined in accordance with the sieve analysis of hydrated lime in the referenced standard test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to quicklime and hydrated lime, either high calcium, dolomitic, or magnesian lime, for use in stabilization of soils (See Note 2).
Note 1—Quicklime and hydrated lime act upon clay soils and may render such soils suitable for highway construction and for other load-bearing applications. In most cases, lime causes finely divided clay particles to agglomerate into coarser particles which improves load-bearing properties and subsequently the lime-treated soil hardens by chemical reaction.
Note 2—No attempt is made to present requirements for by-product lime, commercial lime slurry, etc. Specification requirements for these materials could be better determined on a local basis.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-May-2003
• ICS: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
• Technical Committee: C07 - Lime and Limestone
• Drafting Committee: C07.02 - Specifications and Guidelines

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C977-02 - Standard Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5102/D5102M-22 - Standard Test Methods for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Compacted Soil-Lime Mixtures
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E1266-20 - Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C911-19 - Standard Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone for Selected Chemical and Industrial Uses
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6276-19 - Standard Test Method for Using pH to Estimate the Soil-Lime Proportion Requirement for Soil Stabilization
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C977 – 03
Standard Specification for
1
Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D6276 TestMethodforUsingpHtoEstimatetheSoil-Lime
Proportion Requirement for Soil Stabilization
1.1 This specification pertains to quicklime and hydrated
lime,eitherhighcalcium,dolomitic,ormagnesianlime,foruse
3. Chemical Composition
in stabilization of soils (See Note 2).
3.1 Unless otherwise specified, for definitions of terms used
NOTE 1—Quicklime and hydrated lime act upon clay soils and may
in this specification, refer to Terminology C51.
render such soils suitable for highway construction and for other load-
3.2 Quicklime and hydrated lime for soil stabilization shall
bearing applications. In most cases, lime causes finely divided clay
conform to the following chemical composition:
particles to agglomerate into coarser particles which improves load-
Calcium and Magnesium Oxides (on a non-volatile basis, 90.0
bearing properties and subsequently the lime-treated soil hardens by
minimum %)
chemical reaction.
Carbon Dioxide (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 5.0
NOTE 2—No attempt is made to present requirements for by-product
Free Moisture (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 2.0
lime, commercial lime slurry, etc. Specification requirements for these
materials could be better determined on a local basis.
4. Physical Properties
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Hydrated Lime, shall have not more than 3 % retained
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
on a No. 30 (590-µm) sieve and not more than 25 % retained
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
on a No. 200 (75-µm) sieve.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 Quicklime:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2.1 Particle Size of Quicklime—Quicklime shall all pass a
1.0-in. (24.4-mm) sieve.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2.2 Quicklime for soil stabilization shall have a tempera-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ture rise of a minimum of 30°C in 20 min as measured by Test
C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,
Methods C110.
Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
4.2.3 Residue of Quicklime—Quicklime for soil stabiliza-
C50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging,
tionshallhavenotmorethan10 %residueasmeasuredbyTest
and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
Methods C110.
C51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used
5. Field Applications
by the Industry)
C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,
5.1 When quicklimes are used, ensure that thorough mixing
Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
of the lime and soil is accomplished and all lime pebbles have
been hydrated with additional water and distributed uniformly
throughout the soil. There shall be no lime pebbles present
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This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Lime before the compaction operation starts. Check by turning soil
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.02 on Specifications and
with a spade at representative intervals and inspect for visible
Guidelines.
lime pebbles. Care should be exercised on initial dry applica-
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally
tions to minimize environmental dusting.
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C977 – 02. DOI:
10.1520/C0977-03.
5.2 For hydrated limes, additional water shall be added to
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the lime-soil mixture to facilitate mixing and uniform distri-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
bution of the hydrated lime in the soil layer. There shall be no
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. lime clumps present before the compaction operation starts.
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C977 – 03
Check by turning soil with a spade at representative intervals 6.3 The appendix of this specification contains a non-
and inspect for visible lime clumps. Care should be exercised mandatory test to approximate the lime-soil proportion for
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on initial dry applications to minimize environmental dusting. stabilization. A more detailed version of
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