ASTM D4716-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
Standard Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flow rate per unit width within the manufactured plane of geosynthetics under varying normal compressive stresses and a constant head. The test is intended primarily as an index test but can be used also as a performance test when the hydraulic gradients and specimen contact surfaces are selected by the user to model anticipated field conditions.
1.2 This test method is limited to geosynthetics that allow continuous in-plane flow paths to occur parallel to the intended direction of flow.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 4716 – 07
Standard Test Method for
Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and
Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a
1
Constant Head
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4716; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining 3.1 Definitions:
the flow rate per unit width within the manufactured plane of 3.1.1 geocomposite, n—a product fabricated from any com-
geosyntheticsundervaryingnormalcompressivestressesanda bination of geosynthetics with geotechnical materials or other
constant head. The test is intended primarily as an index test synthetics which is used in a geotechnical application.
but can be used also as a performance test when the hydraulic (D 4439)
gradients and specimen contact surfaces are selected by the 3.1.2 geonet, n—a geosynthetic consisting of integrally
user to model anticipated field conditions. connected parallel sets of ribs overlying similar sets at various
1.2 This test method is limited to geosynthetics that allow angles for planar drainage of liquids or gases. (D 4439)
continuousin-planeflowpathstooccurparalleltotheintended 3.1.3 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
direction of flow. polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the technical engineering related material as an integral part of a
standard. The values stated in parentheses are provided for man-made project, structure, or system. (D 4439)
information only. 3.1.4 geotechnics, n—the application of scientific methods
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the and engineering principals to the acquisition, interpretation,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the and use of knowledge of material of the earth’s crust to the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- solution of engineering problems.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.1.4.1 Discussion—Geotechnicsembracesthefieldsofsoil
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. mechanics, rock mechanics, and many of the engineering
aspects of geology, geophysics, hydrology, and related sci-
2. Referenced Documents
ences. (D 4439)
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.5 geotextile, n—a permeable geosynthetic comprised
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing solely of textiles. (D 4439)
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
3.1.6 gravity flow, n—flow in a direction parallel to the
D4491 Test Methods forWater Permeability of Geotextiles planeofageosyntheticdrivenpredominantlybyadifferencein
by Permittivity
elevation between the inlet and outflow points of a specimen.
D5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Ground 3.1.6.1 Discussion—The pressure at the outflow is consid-
Water Monitoring Wells
ered to be atmospheric. (D 4439)
D6574 Test Method for Determining the (In-Plane) Hy- 3.1.7 head (static), n—theheightaboveastandarddatumof
draulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic by Radial Flow
the surface of a column of water (or other liquid) that can be
supported by a static pressure at a given point. The static head
is the sum of the elevation head and the pressure head.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
(D 5092)
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-
3.1.8 hydraulic gradient, i, n—the loss of hydraulic head
ability and Filtration.
per unit distance of flow, dh/dL. (D 4439)
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
2 −1
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4716–04.
3.1.9 hydraulic transmissivity, u (L T ), n—for a geosyn-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
thetic, the volumetric flow rate per unit width of specimen per
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
unit gradient in a direction parallel to the plane of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. specimen.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D4716–07
3.1.9.1 Discussion—“transmissivity” is technically appli- plier should first confirm that the tests were conducted using
cable only to saturated, laminar hydraulic flow conditions (see comparable test parameters including specimen conditioning,
Appendix X1). (D 4439) normal s
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4716–04 Designation: D 4716 – 07
Test Method for
Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and
Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a
1
Constant Head
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4716; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flow rate per unit width within the manufactured plane of
geosynthetics under varying normal compressive stresses and a constant head. The test is intended primarily as an index test but
canbeusedalsoasaperformancetestwhenthehydraulicgradientsandspecimencontactsurfacesareselectedbytheusertomodel
anticipated field conditions.
1.2 This test method is limited to geosynthetics that allow continuous in-plane flow paths to occur parallel to the intended
direction of flow.
1.3 ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesstatedinparenthesesareprovidedforinformation
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4491 Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity
D5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Ground Water Monitoring Wells
D6574 Test Method for Determining the (In-Plane) Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic by Radial Flow
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geocomposite, n—a product fabricated from any combination of geosynthetics with geotechnical materials or other
synthetics which is used in a geotechnical application. (D4439) (D 4439)
3.1.2 geonet, n—a geosynthetic consisting of integrally connected parallel sets of ribs overlying similar sets at various angles
for planar drainage of liquids or gases. (D4439) (D 4439)
3.1.3 geosynthetic, n—aplanarproductmanufacturedfrompolymericmaterialusedwithsoil,rock,earth,orothergeotechnical
engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system. (D4439) (D 4439)
3.1.4 geotechnics, n—the application of scientific methods and engineering principals to the acquisition, interpretation, and use
of knowledge of material of the earth’s crust to the solution of engineering problems.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Geotechnics embraces the fields of soil mechanics, rock mechanics, and many of the engineering aspects
of geology, geophysics, hydrology, and related sciences. (D4439) (D 4439)
3.1.5 geotextile, n—a permeable geosynthetic comprised solely of textiles. (D4439) (D 4439)
3.1.6 gravityflow,n—flowinadirectionparalleltotheplaneofageosyntheticdrivenpredominantlybyadifferenceinelevation
between the inlet and outflow points of a specimen.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—The pressure at the outflow is considered to be atmospheric. (D4439) (D 4439)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Hydraulic Properties.
Permeability and Filtration.
Current edition approved July 1, 2004.Dec. 15, 2007. PublishedAugust 2004.January 2008. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20032004 as
D4716–034.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4716–07
3.1.7 head (static), n—the height above a standard datum of the surface of a column of water (or other liquid) that can be
supported by a static pressure at a given point. The static head is the sum of the elevation head and the pressure head.
(D5092) (D 5092)
3.1.8 hydraulic gradient, i, n—the loss of hydraulic head per unit distance of flow, dh/dL. (D4439) (D 4439)
2 −1
3.1.9 hydraulic transmissivity, u (L T ), n—for a geosynthetic, the volumetric flow rate per unit width of specimen per unit
gradie
...
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