ASTM C32-09

Standard Specification for Sewer and Manhole Brick (Made From Clay or Shale)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers brick intended for use in drainage structures for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water, and related structures such as manholes and catch basins. The bricks are classified as sewer bricks (Grades SS and SM) and manhole bricks (Grades MS and MM). Sewer brick shall have plain or smooth surfaces on both ends and on the face side. Manhole brick shall have plain, slightly, or moderately textured surfaces. The brick shall be sampled and tested in accordance with applicable requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use in (1) drainage structures for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water, and (2) related structures such as manholes and catch basins.
1.1.1 Sewer Brick:  
1.1.1.1 Grade SS—Brick intended for use in structures requiring low absorption and resistance to the action of sewage carrying large quantities of abrasive material at velocities exceeding 8 ft (2.4 m)/s.
1.1.1.2 Grade SM—Brick intended for use in structures requiring resistance to the action of sewage carrying abrasive materials at velocities less than 8 ft (2.4 m)/s.
1.1.2 Manhole Brick:  
1.1.2.1 Grade MS—Brick intended for use in manholes and catch basins not requiring high degrees of abrasive resistance but where a high and uniform degree of resistance to frost action and disintegration is needed when the brick may be frozen when permeated with water.
1.1.2.2 Grade MM—Brick intended for use in manholes not requiring high degrees of abrasive resistance but where a moderate and nonuniform degree of resistance to frost action and disintegration is needed when the brick may be permeated with water.
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Section 3) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.3 Brick covered by this standard are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond  in Terminology C 1232.)
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2009
• ICS: 91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
• Technical Committee: C15 - Manufactured Masonry Units
• Drafting Committee: C15.02 - Brick and Structural Clay Tile

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C32-05 - Standard Specification for Sewer and Manhole Brick (Made From Clay or Shale)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM C32-11 - Standard Specification for Sewer and Manhole Brick (Made From Clay or Shale)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011
• Referred By: ASTM C1232-21a - Standard Terminology for Masonry
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
American Association State
Designation: C32 – 09 Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: M91-78
Standard Specification for
1
Sewer and Manhole Brick (Made From Clay or Shale)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C32; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* bility requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired
bond in Terminology C1232.)
1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use in (1)
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
drainage structures for the conveyance of sewage, industrial
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
wastes, and storm water, and (2) related structures such as
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
manholes and catch basins.
and are not considered standard.
1.1.1 Sewer Brick:
1.1.1.1 Grade SS—Brick intended for use in structures
2. Referenced Documents
requiring low absorption and resistance to the action of sewage
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
carrying large quantities of abrasive material at velocities
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
exceeding 8 ft (2.4 m)/s.
Structural Clay Tile
1.1.1.2 Grade SM—Brick intended for use in structures
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
requiring resistance to the action of sewage carrying abrasive
materials at velocities less than 8 ft (2.4 m)/s.
3. Physical Properties
1.1.2 Manhole Brick:
3.1 Brick for sewer or drainage structures shall conform to
1.1.2.1 Grade MS—Brick intended for use in manholes and
the physical properties for the specified Grades SS or SM as
catch basins not requiring high degrees of abrasive resistance
established in Table 1.
but where a high and uniform degree of resistance to frost
3.2 Brick for manholes, catch basins, and other related
action and disintegration is needed when the brick may be
structures shall conform to the physical properties for the
frozen when permeated with water.
specified Grades MS or MM as established in Table 1.
1.1.2.2 Grade MM—Brick intended for use in manholes not
3.3 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, brick of
requiring high degrees of abrasive resistance but where a
Grade SS shall be accepted instead of Grade SM; also Grade
moderate and nonuniform degree of resistance to frost action
MS shall be accepted instead of Grade MM.
and disintegration is needed when the brick may be permeated
3.4 Unless otherwise specified in the invitation for bids,
with water.
brick shall be either solid or cored at the option of the seller.
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the
The net cross-sectional area of cored brick in any plane parallel
time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick
to the surface containing the cores shall be at least 75 % of the
extracted from masonry structures for determining confor-
gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane. No part
mance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Sec-
3
of any hole shall be less than ⁄4 in. (19 mm) from any edge
tion 3) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
of the brick.
1.3 Brick covered by this standard are manufactured from
clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and
4. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing).
4.1 The size of the brick shall be specified by the purchaser,
The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between
selecting any of the standard sizes of building brick.
the particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-
4.2 For any lot of sewer brick furnished under this specifi-
cation, not more than 2 % of the brick shall vary from the
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C32 – 05. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0032-09. the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
American Association State
Designation:C32–05 Designation: C 32 – 09 Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: M91-78
Standard Specification for
1
Sewer and Manhole Brick (Made From Clay or Shale)
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC 32;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use in (1) drainage structures for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes,
and storm water, and (2) related structures such as manholes and catch basins.
1.1.1 Sewer Brick:
1.1.1.1 Grade SS—Brick intended for use in structures requiring low absorption and resistance to the action of sewage carrying
large quantities of abrasive material at velocities exceeding 8 ft (2.4 m)/s.
1.1.1.2 Grade SM—Brick intended for use in structures requiring resistance to the action of sewage carrying abrasive materials
at velocities less than 8 ft (2.4 m)/s.
1.1.2 Manhole Brick:
1.1.2.1 Grade MS—Brick intended for use in manholes and catch basins not requiring high degrees of abrasive resistance but
where a high and uniform degree of resistance to frost action and disintegration is needed when the brick may be frozen when
permeated with water.
1.1.2.2 Grade MM—Brick intended for use in manholes not requiring high degrees of abrasive resistance but where a moderate
and nonuniform degree of resistance to frost action and disintegration is needed when the brick may be permeated with water.
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted
from masonry structures for determining conformance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Section 3) of this
standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.3 Brick covered by this standard are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected
to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate
constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in Terminology
C43in Terminology C 1232.)
1.4The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units given
in parentheses may be approximate.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
C43Terminology of Structural Clay Products ASTM Standards:
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
Structural Clay Tile
C 1232 Terminology of Masonry
3. Physical Properties
3.1 Brick for sewer or drainage structures shall conform to the physical properties for the specified Grades SS or SM as
established in Table 1.
3.2 Brick for manholes, catch basins, and other related structures shall conform to the physical properties for the specified
Grades MS or MM as established in Table 1.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brick
and Structural Clay Tile.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2005. Published January 2006. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C32–04.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 32 – 05.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C32–09
TABLE 1 Physical Properties
Minimum Compressive Strength, Maximum Water Absorption
Average Gross Area, psi (MPa) by
...