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ASTM D4332-01(2006)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing

Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Many materials from which containers and packages are made, especially cellulosic materials, undergo changes in physical properties as the temperature and the relative humidity (RH) to which they are exposed are varied. Therefore, the package should be placed and kept in a specified atmosphere for a length of time such that subsequent measurements of physical properties will be meaningful and reproducible.
The conditions described in this practice are either historically accepted standard conditions or special laboratory conditions chosen to represent particular phases of the distribution environment. These special conditions do not necessarily duplicate actual field conditions, but tend to simulate them and have effects on packages and materials which may be related to their field performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides for standard and special conditioning and testing atmospheres that may be used to simulate particular field conditions that a container, package, or packaging component may encounter during its life or testing cycle.
1.2 This practice describes procedures for conditioning these containers, packages, or packaging components so that they may reach equilibrium with the atmosphere to which they may be exposed.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2006
ICS
55.020 - Packaging and distribution of goods in general
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4332-01e2 - Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D4332-13 - Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
Effective Date
15-Mar-2013
Referred By
ASTM D999-08(2015) - Standard Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6787/D6787M-02(2023) - Standard Specification for Repositionable Note Pad
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5277-22 - Standard Test Method for Performing Programmed Horizontal Impacts Using an Inclined Impact Tester
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6055-96(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D3580-22 - Standard Test Methods for Vibration (Vertical Linear Motion) Test of Products
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6653/D6653M-13(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Effects of High Altitude on Packaging Systems by Vacuum Method
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D3813/D3813M-98(2020) - Standard Test Method for Curling, Twisting, and Tubing on Unwind of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM E1133-86(2022) - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Packaged Laboratory Apparatus for United States Government Procurements
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D3652/D3652M-01(2020) - Standard Test Method for Thickness of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM F3159-15(2022) - Standard Safety Specification for Liquid Laundry Packets
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D3950-17 - Standard Specification for Strapping, Nonmetallic (and Joining Methods)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D4003-98(2019)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5750/D5750M-95(2020) - Standard Guide for Width and Length of Pressure-Sensitive Tape
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006

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ASTM D4332-01(2006) - Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for TestingASTM D4332-01(2006) - Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
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ASTM D4332-01(2006) - Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4332 − 01(Reapproved 2006)
Standard Practice for
Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging
Components for Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4332; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ISO Standard:
2233 Packaging—Complete, Filled Transport Packages:
1.1 This practice provides for standard and special condi-
Conditioning for Testing
tioning and testing atmospheres that may be used to simulate
2.3 Forest Products Laboratory:
particular field conditions that a container, package, or pack-
Moisture Content vs. Relative Humidity Chart Content vs.
agingcomponentmayencounterduringitslifeortestingcycle.
Relative Humidity Chart
1.2 This practice describes procedures for conditioning
these containers, packages, or packaging components so that 3. Terminology
they may reach equilibrium with the atmosphere to which they
3.1 Termsanddefinitionsusedinthispracticemaybefound
may be exposed.
in Terminology D996, Terminology E41, or Specification
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E171.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Many materials from which containers and packages are
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
made, especially cellulosic materials, undergo changes in
physicalpropertiesasthetemperatureandtherelativehumidity
2. Referenced Documents
(RH) to which they are exposed are varied. Therefore, the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
package should be placed and kept in a specified atmosphere
D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products
for a length of time such that subsequent measurements of
for Testing (Withdrawn 2010)
physical properties will be meaningful and reproducible.
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
4.2 The conditions described in this practice are either
ments
historically accepted standard conditions or special laboratory
E41 Terminology Relating To Conditioning
conditions chosen to represent particular phases of the distri-
E171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier
bution environment. These special conditions do not necessar-
Packaging
ily duplicate actual field conditions, but tend to simulate them
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
and have effects on packages and materials which may be
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
related to their field performance.
peratures)
5. Atmospheric Conditions
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D10 on Packaging
5.1 Preconditioning Atmosphere—20 to 40°C (68 to 104°F)
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD10.21onShippingContainersand
and 10 to 35 % relative humidity.
Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally
5.2 StandardConditioningAtmosphere—23 61°C(73.4 6
´2
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4332 – 01 . DOI:
2°F) and 50 6 2 % relative humidity.
10.1520/D4332-01R06.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
3 5
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison,
www.astm.org. WI 53726.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4332 − 01 (2006)
NOTE 1—Average values must fall within these limits. Short-term TABLE 2 Preferred Atmospheres Listed in ISO 2233
fluctuations and measurement limitations may cause individual measure-
Condition Temperature, °C (F) Relative Humidity, %
ments to vary up to 62°C (63.6°F) and 65 % relative humidity without
B −35±3(−31±6) not specified
significant impairment of test precision.
E 20±2(68±4) 65
NOTE 2—The standard conditioning in the United States is different
H 27±2(81±4) 65
than in many other countries that use the ISO 2233 preferred conditions
J 30±2(86±4) 90
(G) of 20°C (68°F) and 65 % relative humidity.
K 40±3(104±6) uncontrolled
M 55±2(131±4) 30
5.3 SpecialAtmospheres—Thespecialstandardatmospheric
conditionsshowninTable1maybeselectedwhenappropriate.
NOTE 3—Temperature and humidity tolerances of 61°C (61.8°F) and
62 % relative humidity are desirable but not always attainable.
NOTE 4—In the absence of a specific requirement for a particular
cated from other materials that are affected by changes in
atmospheric condition, use the conditioning atmosphere given in 5.2.
humiditiesgreaterthan40 %)mayrequirepreconditioning(see
NOTE 5—Conditioning at the desert condition (Table 1) at a constant
temperature of 60°C (140°F) may have effects on some materials that do Method D685).
not relate to effects of cyclical field conditions.
7.2 Containers or p
...

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This guide identifies the key information required to ensure that selected packaging will pass the United Nations (UN) packaging certification at the level that is appropriate for its intended use. This guide covers test procedures for transportation of hazardous material packagings for net masses except those used for infectious substances, radioactive materials, cylinders, and other receptacles for gases and does not replace domestic or international requlatory requirements for hazardous material packagings. The UN performance tests are based on the degree of hazard posed by the proposed materials to be packaged which are also assigned to a specific packing group. Only packaging designs that meet the UN performance standards are to be marked with a UN mark. Tests include drop test, leakproofness test, stack test, vibration test, pressure differential test, hydrostatic pressure test, and cobb water absorption test.
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4.1 Many materials from which containers and packages are made, especially cellulosic materials, undergo changes in physical properties as the temperature and the relative humidity (RH) to which they are exposed are varied. Therefore, the package should be placed and kept in a specified atmosphere for a length of time such that subsequent measurements of physical properties will be meaningful and reproducible.  
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4.1 Shipping containers are exposed to complex dynamic stresses in the distribution environment. Approximating the actual damage, or lack of damage, experienced in real life may require subjecting the container and its contents to random vibration tests. In this way, many product and container resonances are simultaneously excited.  
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4.5 Vibration exposure affects the shipping container, its interior packing, means of closure, and contents. This test allows analysis of the interaction between these components. Design modification to one or all of these components may be used to achieve optimum performance in the shipping environment.  
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1.1 This test method covers the random vibration testing of filled shipping units. Such tests may be used to assess the performance of a container with its interior packing and means of closure in terms of its ruggedness and the protection that it provides the contents when subjected to random vibration inputs.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance in the development and use of vibration data in the testing of shipping containers.
Note 1: Sources of supplementary information are listed in the Reference section (1-11).2  
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ASTM D5445-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Pictorial Markings for Handling of Goods

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4.1 Packages are often marked with handling instructions in the language of the country of origin. While this may safeguard the consignment to some extent, it is of little value for goods consigned to, or through, countries using different languages, and of no value at all if people unloading the packages are illiterate. Pictorial symbols offer the most likely means of conveying the consignor’s intention and their adoption will, therefore, undoubtedly reduce loss and damage through incorrect handling. The use of pictorial symbols does not provide any guarantee of satisfactory handling; proper protective packaging is therefore of primary importance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a set of symbols to be used for marking of packages or containers to indicate special handling and storage requirements.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D4003-98(2019)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods provide a measure of a shipping container's ability to protect a product from failure due to horizontal impacts. These measures are based on controlled levels of shock input and may be used for arriving at the optimum design of a container or system to protect a product against a specified level of shipping environment hazard.  
4.2 These test methods provide a measure of a packaged product's ability to withstand the various levels of shipping environment hazards. These measures may be used to prescribe a mode of shipping and handling that will not induce damage to the packaged product or to define the required levels of protection that must be provided by its packaging.  
4.3 Test Method A is intended to simulate the rail car coupling environment. Refer to Methods D5277 for simulating the standard draft gear portion of that environment.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are intended to determine the ability of a package or product to withstand laboratory simulated horizontal impact forces.  
1.2 The horizontal impacts used in these test methods are programmed shock inputs that represent the hazards as they occur in the shipping and handling environments. The environmental hazards may include rail switching impacts, lift truck marshalling impacts, and so forth. The following test methods apply:  
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1.3 The test levels may be varied to represent the mode on shipping and handling used for the item under test.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6344-04(2017)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the ability of packaging to resist the force of concentrated impacts from outside sources, such as those encountered in various modes of transportation and handling. These impacts may be inflicted by adjacent freight jostling against the package in a carrier vehicle, by accidental bumps against other freight when loaded or unloaded from vehicles, by packages bumping against one another during sorting on conveyors or chutes, or many other circumstances.  
4.2 This test method is intended to determine the ability of packaging to protect contents from such impacts, and to evaluate if there is sufficient clearance or support or both between the package wall and its contents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures and equipment for testing complete filled transport packages for resistance against concentrated low-level impacts typical of those encountered in the distribution environment. The test is most appropriate for packages such as thin fluted/lighter grade corrugated boxes or stretch-wrapped packaging.  
1.2 The test result is a pass/fail determination, based on acceptance criteria previously established, and a record of the energy dissipated by the complete filled transport package during a low level concentrated impact.
Note 1: This test method discusses the conduct of the test from a prescribed height that either meets or does not meet specific acceptance criteria. It may be possible to conduct this type of testing using modified procedures that provide a numerical response. These might include an incremental test where the drop height (or mass) is increased until a specific failure occurs or an up-and-down or staircase procedure used to find the average height to failure.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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