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ASTM A752-93(1998)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy Steel

Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy Steel

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers general requirements for alloy steel rods and uncoated coarse round alloy wire in coils that are not required to meet hardenability band limits.  
1.2 In case of conflict, the requirements in the purchase order, on the drawing, in the individual specification, and in this general specification shall prevail in the sequence named.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-1998
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.03 - Steel Rod and Wire
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM A752-93(2003) - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy Steel
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Referred By
ASTM A534-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Carburizing Steels for Anti-Friction Bearings
Effective Date
10-Sep-1998

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ASTM A752-93(1998) - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy SteelASTM A752-93(1998) - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy Steel
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ASTM A752-93(1998) - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy Steel
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8 pages
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 752 – 93 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Specification for
General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round
Wire, Alloy Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 752; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers general requirements for alloy 3.1 Description of Terms Specific to This Standard:
steel rods and uncoated coarse round alloy wire in coils that are 3.1.1 alloy steel— steel is considered to be alloy steel when
not required to meet hardenability band limits. the maximum of the range given for the content of alloying
1.2 In case of conflict, the requirements in the purchase elements exceeds one or more of the following limits: manga-
order, on the drawing, in the individual specification, and in nese 1.65 %, silicon 0.60 %, copper 0.60 %; or in which a
this general specification shall prevail in the sequence named. definite range or a definite minimum quantity of any of the
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded following elements is specified or required within the limits of
as the standard. the recognized field of constructional alloy steels: aluminum,
chromium up to 3.99 %, cobalt, columbium, molybdenum,
2. Referenced Documents
nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any other
2.1 ASTM Standards:
alloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing Note that aluminum, columbium, and vanadium may also be
of Steel Products
used for grain refinement purposes.
A 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading 3.1.1.1 Boron treatment of alloy steels, which are fine grain,
Methods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment
may be specified to improve hardenability.
A 919 Terminology Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals 3.1.1.2 Other elements, such as lead, selenium, tellurium, or
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
bismuth, may be specified to improve machinability.
Determine Conformance with Specifications 3.1.2 coarse round wire—from 0.035 to 0.999 in. (0.89 to
E 30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast
25.4 mm) in diameter, inclusive, wire produced from hot-rolled
Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron wire rods or hot-rolled coiled bars by one or more cold
E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
reductions primarily for the purpose of obtaining a desired size
2.2 AIAG Standard: with dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and mechanical
AIAGB-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Applica-
properties. By varying the amount of cold reduction and other
tion Standard wire mill practices, including thermal treatment, a wide diver-
sity of mechanical properties and finishes are made available.
3.1.2.1 Coarse round wire is designated by common frac-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
tions or decimal parts of an inch, or millimetres.
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.1.3 wire rods—rods that are hot rolled from billets into an
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
Current edition approved July 15, 1993. Published September 1993. Originally approximate round cross section and into coils of one continu-
published as A 752 – 77. Last previous edition A 752 – 91.
ous length. Rods are not comparable to hot-rolled bars in
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
accuracy of cross section or surface finish and as a semi-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
finished product are primarily for the manufacture of wire.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
7 47
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
3.1.3.1 Rod sizes from ⁄32 to ⁄64 in. (5.6 to 18.7 mm) in
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
diameter, inclusive, are designated by fractions or decimal
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
8 parts of an inch as shown in Table 1.
Available from the Automotive Industry Action Group, 26200 Lahser, Suite
200, Southfield, MI 48034.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 752 – 93 (1998)
TABLE 1 Sizes of Alloy Steel Wire Rods
Inch Decimal Metric Inch Decimal Metric
Fraction Equivalent, Equivalent, Fraction Equivalent, Equivalent,
in. mm in. mm
7 31
⁄32 0.219 5.6 ⁄64 0.484 12.3
15 1
⁄64 0.234 6.0 ⁄2 0.500 12.7
1 33
⁄4 0.250 6.4 ⁄64 0.516 13.1
17 17
⁄64 0.266 6.7 ⁄32 0.531 13.5
9 35
⁄32 0.281 7.1 ⁄64 0.547 13.9
19 9
⁄64 0.297 7.5 ⁄16 0.562 14.3
5 37
⁄16 0.312 7.9 ⁄64 0.578 14.7
21 19
⁄64 0.328 8.3 ⁄32 0.594 15.1
11 39
⁄32 0.344 8.7 ⁄64 0.609 15.5
23 5
⁄64 0.359 9.1 ⁄8 0.625 15.9
3 41
⁄8 0.375 9.5 ⁄64 0.641 16.3
25 21
⁄64 0.391 9.9 ⁄32 0.656 16.7
13 43
⁄32 0.406 10.3 ⁄64 0.672 17.1
27 11
⁄64 0.422 10.7 ⁄16 0.688 17.5
7 45
⁄16 0.438 11.1 ⁄64 0.703 17.9
29 23
⁄64 0.453 11.5 ⁄32 0.719 18.3
15 47
⁄32 0.469 11.9 ⁄64 0.734 18.7
4. Ordering Information 4.2 Orders for coarse round wire under this specification
shall include the following information:
4.1 Orders for hot-rolled wire rods under this specification
4.2.1 Quantity (pounds or kilograms),
should include the following information:
4.2.2 Name of material (alloy steel wire),
4.1.1 Quantity (pounds or kilograms),
4.2.3 Diameter (see 3.1.3.1),
4.1.2 Name of material (wire rods),
4.2.4 Chemical composition (Table 2 or Table 3),
4.1.3 Diameter (Table 1),
4.2.5 Thermal treatment, if required,
4.1.4 Chemical composition grade number (Table 2),
4.2.6 Packaging,
4.1.5 Thermal treatment, if required,
4.2.7 ASTM designation A 752 and date of issue, and
4.1.6 Packaging, and
4.2.8 Special requirements, if any.
4.1.7 ASTM designation and date of issue.
NOTE 2—A typical ordering description is as follows: 40 000 lb, Alloy
Steel Wire, 0.312 in. diameter, Grade 8620, annealed at finish size, in
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 80 000 lb
500-lb Catch Weight Coils on Tubular Carriers to ASTM A 752-XX.
Hot-Rolled Alloy Steel Wire Rods, ⁄4 in., Grade 4135 in 2 000-lb
maximum coils to ASTM A 752-XX.
TABLE 2 Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits for Cast or Heat Analysis
NOTE 1—Grades shown in this table with prefix letter E are normally only made by the basic electric furnace process. All others are normally
manufactured by the basic open hearth or basic oxygen processes but may be manufactured by a basic electric furnace process. If the electric furnace
process is specified or required for grades other than those designated above, the limits for phosphorus and sulfur are respectively 0.025 % max.
NOTE 2—Small quantities of certain elements, which are not specified or required, are present in alloy steels. These elements are considered as
incidental and may be present to the following maximum amounts: copper, 0.35 %, nickel, 0.25 %, chromium, 0.20 %, molybdenum, 0.06 %.
NOTE 3—Where minimum and maximum sulfur content is shown it is indicative of resulfurized steel.
NOTE 4—The chemical ranges and limits shown in Table 2 are produced to check, product, or verification analysis tolerances shown in Table 4.
NOTE 5—Standard alloy steels can be produced with a lead range of 0.15 to 0.35 %. Such steels are identified by inserting the letter “L’’ between the
second and third numerals of the Grade number, for example, 41L40. Lead is reported only as a range of 0.15 to 0.35 % since it is added to the mold
as the steel is poured.
Chemical Composition, Ranges and Limits, %
UNS Desig-
Phos-
Grade No.
Sulfur, Molyb-
nation
Carbon Manganese phorus, Silicon Nickel Chromium
max denum
max
STANDARD ALLOY STEELS
G13300 1330 0.28 to 0.33 1.60 to 1.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . . . . . . .
G13350 1335 0.33 to 0.38 1.60 to 1.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . . . . . . .
G13400 1340 0.38 to 0.43 1.60 to 1.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . . . . . . .
G13450 1345 0.43 to 0.48 1.60 to 1.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . . . . . . .
G40120 4012 0.09 to 0.14 0.75 to 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . . . . 0.15 to 0.25
G40230 4023 0.20 to 0.25 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . . . . 0.20 to 0.30
G40240 4024 0.20 to 0.25 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.035 to 0.15 to 0.30 . . . . . . 0.20 to 0.30
0.050
G40270 4027 0.25 to 0.30 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . . . . 0.20 to 0.30
G40280 4028 0.25 to 0.30 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.035 to 0.15 to 0.30 . . . . . . 0.20 to 0.30
0.050
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 752 – 93 (1998)
TABLE 2 Continued
Chemical Composition, Ranges and Limits, %
UNS Desig-
Phos-
Grade No.
Sulfur, Molyb-
nation
Carbon Manganese phorus, Silicon Nickel Chromium
max denum
max
G40370 4037 0.35 to 0.40 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . . . . 0.20 to 0.30
G40470 4047 0.45 to 0.50 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . . . . 0.20 to 0.30
G41180 4118 0.18 to 0.23 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.40 to 0.60 0.08 to 0.15
G41300 4130 0.28 to 0.33 0.40 to 0.60 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25
G41370 4137 0.35 to 0.40 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25
G41400 4140 0.38 to 0.43 0.75 to 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25
G41420 4142 0.40 to 0.45 0.75 to 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25
G41450 4145 0.43 to 0.48 0.75 to 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25
G41470 4147 0.45 to 0.50 0.75 to 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25
G41500 4150 0.48 to 0.53 0.75 to 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25
G41610 4161 0.56 to 0.64 0.75 to 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.70 to 0.90 0.25 to 0.35
G43200 4320 0.17 to 0.22 0.45 to 0.65 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 1.65 to 2.00 0.40 to 0.60 0.20 to 0.30
G43400 4340 0.38 to 0.43 0.60 to 0.80 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 1.65 to 2.00 0.70 to 0.90 0.20 to 0.30
G43406 E4340 0.38 to 0.43 0.65 to 0.85 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.30 1.65 to 2.00 0.70 to 0.90 0.20 to 0.30
G44190 4419 0.18 to 0.23 0.45 to 0.65 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . . . . 0.45 to 0.60
G46150 4615 0.13 to 0.18 0.45 to 0.65 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 1.65 to 2.00 . . . 0.20 to 0.30
G46200 4620 0.17 to 0.22 0.45 to 0.65 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 1.65 to 2.00 . . . 0.20 to 0.30
G46210 4621 0.18 to 0.23 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 1.65 to 2.00 . . . 0.20 to 0.30
G46260 4626 0.24 to 0.29 0.45 to 0.65 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.70 to 1.00 . . . 0.15 to 0.25
G47180 4718 0.16 to 0.21 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.90 to 1.20 0.35 to 0.55 0.30 to 0.40
G47200 4720 0.17 to 0.22 0.50 to 0.70 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.90 to 1.20 0.35 to 0.55 0.15 to 0.25
G48150 4815 0.13 to 0.18 0.40 to 0.60 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 3.25 to 3.75 . . . 0.20 to 0.30
G48170 4817 0.15 to 0.20 0.40 to 0.60 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 3.25 to 3.75 . . . 0.20 to 0.30
G48200 4820 0.18 to 0.23 0.50 to 0.70 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 3.25 to 3.75 . . . 0.20 to 0.30
G50150 5015 0.12 to 0.17 0.30 to 0.50 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.30 to 0.50 . . .
G51200 5120 0.17 to 0.22 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.70 to 0.90 . . .
G51300 5130 0.28 to 0.33 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.80 to 1.10 . . .
G51320 5132 0.30 to 0.35 0.60 to 0.80 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.75 to 1.00 . . .
G51350 5135 0.33 to 0.38 0.60 to 0.80 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.80 to 1.05 . . .
G51400 5140 0.38 to 0.43 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.70 to 0.90 . . .
G51450 5145 0.43 to 0.48 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.70 to 0.90 . . .
G51470 5147 0.46 to 0.51 0.70 to 0.95 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.85 to 1.15 . . .
G51500 5150 0.48 to 0.53 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.70 to 0.90 . . .
G51550 5155 0.51 to 0.59 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.70 to 0.90 . . .
G51600 5160 0.56 to 0.64 0.75 to 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.70 to 0.90 . . .
. . . E51100 0.98 to 1.10 0.25 to 0.45 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.90 to 1.15 . . .
. . . E52100 0.98 to 1.10 0.25 to 0.45 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 1.30 to 1.60 . . .
Chemical Composition, Ranges and Limits, %
UNS Desig-
Grade No. Phosphorus,
nation Carbon Manganese Sulfur, max Silicon Nickel Chromium Other Elements
max
Vanadium
G61180 6118 0.16 to 0.21 0.50 to 0.70 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.50 to 0.70 0.10 to 0.15
G61500 6150 0.48 to 0.53 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 min
Molyb-
denum
STANDARD ALLOY STEELS
G86150 8615 0.13 to 0.18 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.40 to 0.70 0.40 to 0.60 0.15 to 0.25
G86170 8617 0.15 to 0.20 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.40 to 0.70 0.40 to 0.60 0.15 to 0.25
G86200 8620 0.18 to 0.23 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.40 to 0.70 0.40 to 0.60 0.15 to 0.25
G86220 8622 0.20 to 0.25 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.40 to 0.70 0.40 to 0.60 0.15 to 0.25
G86250 8625 0.23 to 0.28 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.40 to 0.70 0.40 to 0.60 0.15 to 0.25
G86270 8627 0.25 to 0.30 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.40 to 0.70 0.40 to 0.60 0.15 to 0.25
G86300 8630 0.28 to 0.33 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.40 to 0.70 0.40 to 0.60 0.15 to 0.25
G86370 8637 0.35 to 0.40 0.75 to 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.40 to 0.70 0.40 to 0.60 0.15 to 0.25
G86400 8640 0.38 to 0.43 0.75 to 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.40 to 0.70 0.40 to 0.60 0.15 to 0.25
G86420 8642 0.40 to 0.45 0.75 to 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.40 to 0.70 0.40 to 0.60 0.15 to 0.25
G86450 8645 0.43 to 0.48 0.75 to 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.40 to 0.70 0.40 to 0.60 0.15 to 0.25
G86550 8655 0.51 to 0.59 0.75 to 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.40 to 0.70 0.40 to 0.60 0.15 to 0.25
G87200 8720 0.18 to 0.23 0.70 to 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.40 to 0.70 0.40 to 0.60 0.20 to 0.30
G87400 8740 0.38 to 0.43 0.75 to 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.40 to 0.70 0.40 to 0.60 0.20 to 0.30
G88220 8822 0.20 to 0.25 0.75 to 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15 to 0.30 0.40 to 0.70 0.40 to 0.60 0.30 to 0.40
G92540 9254 0.51 to 0.59 0.60 to 0.80 0.035 0.040 1.20 to 1.60 . . . 0.60 to 0.80 . . .
G92550 9255 0.51 to 0.59 0.70 to 0.95 0.035 0.040 1.80 to 2.20 . . . . . . . . .
G92600 9260 0.56 to 0.64 0.75 to 1.00
...

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5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1,  k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-O.N. determinations.  
5.2.2 Research O.N., in conjunction with Motor O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the Road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the U.S., and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.2.3 Research O.N. is also used either alone or in conjunction with other factors to define the Road O.N. capabilities of spark-ignition engine fuels for vehicles operating in areas of the world other than the United States.  
5.3 Research O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
5.4 Research O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.  
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Gu...

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ASTM
ASTM D8165-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Used in Hypoid Final-Drive Axles Operated under Low-Speed and High-Torque Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2170/D2170M-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The kinematic viscosity characterizes flow behavior. The method is used to determine the consistency of liquid asphalt as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply. The specifications are usually at temperatures of 60 and 135 °C.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts, road oils, and distillation residues of liquid asphalts all at 60 °C [140 °F] and of liquid asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] (see table notes, 11.1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 mm2/s [cSt].  
1.2 Results of this test method can be used to calculate viscosity when the density of the test material at the test temperature is known or can be determined. See Annex A1 for the method of calculation.  
Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures and at lower kinematic viscosities, but the precision is based on determinations on liquid asphalts and road oils at 60 °C [140 °F] and on asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] only in the viscosity range from 30 to 6000 mm2/s [cSt].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The viscosity determined from this method is under the assumption that asphalt binders behave as Newtonian fluids under the conditions of this test. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined by this method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes. The defined precision limits in 11.1 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior ...

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ASTM E1894-24(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selecting Dosimetry Systems for Application in Pulsed X-Ray Sources

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Flash X-ray facilities provide intense bremsstrahlung radiation environments, usually in a single sub-microsecond pulse, which often fluctuates in amplitude, shape, and spectrum from shot to shot. Therefore, appropriate dosimetry must be fielded on every exposure to characterize the environment, see ICRU Report 34. These intense bremsstrahlung sources have a variety of applications which include the following:
(1) Studies of the effects of X-rays and gamma rays on materials.
(2) Studies of the effects of radiation on electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, and capacitors.
(3) Computer code validation studies.  
4.2 This guide is written to assist the experimenter in selecting the needed dosimetry systems for use at pulsed X-ray facilities. This guide also provides a brief summary on how to use each of the dosimetry systems. Other guides (see Section 2) provide more detailed information on selected dosimetry systems in radiation environments and should be consulted after an initial decision is made on the appropriate dosimetry system to use. There are many key parameters which describe a flash X-ray source, such as dose, dose rate, spectrum, pulse width, etc., such that typically no single dosimetry system can measure all the parameters simultaneously. However, it is frequently the case that not all key parameters must be measured in a given experiment.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides assistance in selecting and using dosimetry systems in flash X-ray experiments. Both dose and dose rate techniques are described.  
1.2 Operating characteristics of flash X-ray sources are given, with emphasis on the spectrum of the photon output.  
1.3 Assistance is provided to relate the measured dose to the response of a device under test (DUT). The device is assumed to be a semiconductor electronic part or system.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D187-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Burning Quality of Kerosene

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Since the information provided by this test method is largely qualitative in nature, specific limits covering the following characteristics are required in referring to this test method in specifications for kerosene:  
5.1.1 Duration of the test: 16 h is understood, if not otherwise specified;  
5.1.2 Permissible change in flame shape and dimensions during the test;  
5.1.3 Description of the acceptable appearance of the chimney deposit.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of the burning properties of kerosene to be used for illuminating purposes. (Warning—Combustible. Vapor harmful.)
Note 1: The corresponding Energy Institute (IP) test method is IP 10 which features a quantitative evaluation of the wick-char-forming tendencies of the kerosene, whereas Test Method D187 features a qualitative performance evaluation of the kerosene. Both test methods subject the kerosene to somewhat more severe operating conditions than would be experienced in typical designated applications.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements appear throughout the test method.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6134/D6134M-07(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Vulcanized Rubber Sheets Used in Waterproofing Systems

ABSTRACT
This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure. The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose. Types used to identify the principal polymer component of the sheet include: type I - ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, and type II - butyl. The sheet shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and other compounding ingredients. The thickness, tensile strength, elongation, tensile set, tear resistance, brittleness temperature, and linear dimensional change shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water absorption, factory seam strength, water vapour permeance, hardness durometer, resistance to soil burial, resistance to heat aging, and resistance to puncture shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4586/D4586M-07(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos-Free

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the testing and requirements for two types and two classes of asbestos-free asphalt roof cement consisting of an asphalt base, volatile petroleum solvents, and mineral and/or other stabilizers, mixed to a smooth, uniform consistency suitable for trowel application to roofing and flashing. Type I is made from asphalts characterized as self-healing, adhesive, and ductile, while Type II is made from asphalt characterized by high softening point and relatively low ductility. Class I is used for application to essentially dry surfaces, while Class II is used for application to damp, wet, or underwater surfaces. The roof cements shall comply with composition limits for water, nonvolatile matter, mineral and/or other stabilizers, and bitumen (asphalt). They shall also meet physical requirements such as uniformity, workability, and pliability and behavior at given temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asbestos-free asphalt roof cement suitable for trowel application to roofings and flashings.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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