ASTM E1085-16

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that a product meets specifications. This test method provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to ensure product quality and to minimize production delays. The analytical performance data may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular X-ray spectrometer has changed.  
5.2 Calcium is sometimes added to steel to affect inclusion shape to enhance certain mechanical properties of steel. This test method is useful for determining the residual calcium in the steel after such treatment.  
5.2.1 Because calcium occurs primarily in inclusions, the precision of this test method is a function of the distribution of the calcium-bearing inclusions in the steel. The variation of determinations on freshly prepared surfaces will give some indication of the distribution of these inclusions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of low-alloy steels for the following elements:    
Element  
Mass Fraction
Range, %  
Calcium  
0.001 to 0.007  
Chromium  
0.04 to 2.5  
Cobalt  
0.03 to 0.2  
Copper  
0.03 to 0.6  
Manganese  
0.04 to 2.5  
Molybdenum  
0.005 to 1.5  
Nickel  
0.04 to 3.0  
Niobium  
0.002 to 0.1  
Phosphorus  
0.010 to 0.08  
Silicon  
0.06 to 1.5  
Sulfur  
0.009 to 0.1  
Vanadium  
0.012 to 0.6
Note 1: Unless exceptions are noted, mass fraction ranges can be extended and additional elements can be included by the use of suitable reference materials and measurement conditions. Deviations from the published scope must be validated by experimental means. See Guide E2857 for information on validation options.  
1.2 The values stated in the International System of Units (SI) are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to other units that are provided for information only, because they may used in older software and laboratory procedures.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2016
• ICS: 77.040.30 - Chemical analysis of metals
• Technical Committee: E01 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
• Drafting Committee: E01.01 - Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1085 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels by Wavelength Dispersive
1
X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1085; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the wavelength dispersive 2.1 ASTM Standards:
X-ray fluorescence analysis of low-alloy steels for the follow- E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
ing elements: Determine Conformance with Specifications
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
Element Mass Fraction
Range, %
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
Calcium 0.001 to 0.007
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Chromium 0.04 to 2.5
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
Cobalt 0.03 to 0.2
Copper 0.03 to 0.6
E1361 Guide for Correction of Interelement Effects in
Manganese 0.04 to 2.5
X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis
Molybdenum 0.005 to 1.5
E1621 Guide for ElementalAnalysis by Wavelength Disper-
Nickel 0.04 to 3.0
Niobium 0.002 to 0.1
sive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Phosphorus 0.010 to 0.08
E2857 Guide for Validating Analytical Methods
Silicon 0.06 to 1.5
Sulfur 0.009 to 0.1
3. Terminology
Vanadium 0.012 to 0.6
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to
NOTE 1—Unless exceptions are noted, mass fraction ranges can be
extended and additional elements can be included by the use of suitable Terminology E135.
reference materials and measurement conditions. Deviations from the
published scope must be validated by experimental means. See Guide 4. Summary of Test Method
E2857 for information on validation options.
4.1 The test specimen is finished to a clean uniform surface
1.2 The values stated in the International System of Units
and then irradiated with a primary X-ray beam of high energy.
(SI) are to be regarded as standard. The values given in
The secondary X-rays produced are dispersed by means of
parentheses are mathematical conversions to other units that
crystals, and the intensities (also called count rates) are
are provided for information only, because they may used in
measured by suitable detectors at selected wavelengths. Radia-
older software and laboratory procedures.
tion measurements are made based on the time required to
reach a fixed number of counts, or on the total counts obtained
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the for a fixed time. Mass fractions of the elements are determined
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- by relating the measured intensities from unknown specimens
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- to analytical curves prepared with suitable reference materials.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau- Either a fixed-channel, polychromator system or a sequential,
tionary statements are given in Section 10. wavelength dispersive monochromator system may be used to
providesimultaneousorsequentialdeterminationsofelements,
respectively.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on
Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct
2
responsibility of Subcommittee E01.01 on Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published June 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E1085 – 09. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1085-16. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1085 − 16
5. Significance and Use 7.2.1.1 For the determination of calcium, only chromium
target tubes were tested. Other targets may be used provided
5.1 This test method is suitable for manufacturing control
they produce data that meets the precision and bias in Section
and for verifying that a product meets specifications. This test
.
method provides rapid, multi-element determinations with
7.2.2 Analyzing Crystals, flat or curved crystals with opti-
sufficient accuracy to ensure product quality and to minimize
mized capability for the diffraction of the wavelengths of
production delays. The analytical performance data may be
interest.
used as a benchmark to determine if simil
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1085 − 09 E1085 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels by Wavelength Dispersive
1
X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1085; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of low-alloy steels for the following
elements:
Element Concentration
Range, %
Element Mass Fraction
Range, %
Calcium 0.001 to 0.007
Chromium 0.04 to 2.5
Cobalt 0.03 to 0.2
Copper 0.03 to 0.6
Manganese 0.04 to 2.5
Molybdenum 0.005 to 1.5
Nickel 0.04 to 3.0
Niobium 0.002 to 0.1
Phosphorus 0.010 to 0.08
Silicon 0.06 to 1.5
Sulfur 0.009 to 0.1
Vanadium 0.012 to 0.6
NOTE 1—Unless exceptions are noted, mass fraction ranges can be extended and additional elements can be included by the use of suitable reference
materials and measurement conditions. Deviations from the published scope must be validated by experimental means. See Guide E2857 for information
on validation options.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units the International System of Units (SI) are to be regarded as standard. The values given
in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SIother units that are provided for information only and are not considered
standard.only, because they may used in older software and laboratory procedures.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E305 Practice for Establishing and Controlling Atomic Emission Spectrochemical Analytical Curves
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1361 Guide for Correction of Interelement Effects in X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis
E1621 Guide for Elemental Analysis by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
E2857 Guide for Validating Analytical Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology E135.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E01.01 on Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009May 1, 2016. Published December 2009June 2016. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
E1085 – 95 (2004).E1085 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/E1085-09.10.1520/E1085-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1085 − 16
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test specimen is finished to a clean uniform surface and then irradiated with an a primary X-ray beam of high energy.
The secondary X-rays produced are dispersed by means of crystals, and the intensities (also called count rates) are measured by
suitable detectors at selected wavelengths. Radiation measurements are made based on the time required to reach a fixed number
of counts, or on the total counts obtained for a fixed time. Concentrations Mass fractions of the elements are determined by relating
the measured radiation ofintensities from unknown specimens to analytical curves prepared with suitable reference materials.
Either a fixed-channel, polychromator system or a sequential, wavelength dispersive monochromator system may be used to
provide simultaneous or sequential determinations of elements.elements, respectively.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This procedure test method is suitable for manufacturing control and for ver
...