iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM E1851-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Durable Rigid Wall Relocatable Structures

Standard Test Method for Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Durable Rigid Wall Relocatable Structures

SCOPE
1.1 The test method described in this standard can be used to determine the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of durable relocatable shielded enclosures.
1.1.1 The intended application of this test method is for virgin shielded enclosures that do not have any equipment or equipment racks. It is recommended that tests be conducted before the interior finish work begins. However, the shield assembly including all enclosure penetrations shall be completed and required penetration protection devices shall be installed in accordance with the design specification. The test method can also be used on existing shielded enclosures after repair work is done to verify workmanship, but it may be necessary to remove equipment or equipment racks to gain access to a test area.
1.1.2 The test procedures delineated in this document are comprehensive and may require several days to complete for a room-size shielded enclosure. A user can apply this test method for a first article test that requires proof of concept and validation of design and fabrication technique. provides guidance on choosing test points so shielding effectiveness tests on a room-size shielded enclosure may be completed in about one-half day for which it applies to shielded enclosures coming off an assembly line.
1.2 This test method is for use in the following frequency ranges: 140 to 160 kHz, 14 to 16 MHz, 300 to 500 MHz, 900 to 1000 MHz, and 8.5 to 10.5 GHz. Specific test frequencies within these ranges are required (see and 10.2.1). Additional measurements in the range of 10 kHz to GHz may be performed. For specific applications, the frequency range may be extended from 50 Hz to 40 GHz. provides guidance on selecting measurement frequencies.
1.3 This test method is not applicable to individual components such as separate walls, floors, ceilings, or shielded racks.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, equipment, or any combination.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.6  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2002
ICS
13.280 - Radiation protection
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.53 - Materials and Processes for Durable Rigidwall Relocatable Structures
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1851-97 - Standard Test Method for Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Durable Rigid Wall Relocatable Structures
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002
Replaced By
ASTM E1851-04 - Standard Test Method for Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Durable Rigid Wall Relocatable Structures
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2377-18 - Standard Specification for Shelter, Electrical Equipment, Lightweight
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002
Referred By
ASTM E1975-22 - Standard Specification for Shelter, Electrical, Equipment S-280/G
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002
Referred By
ASTM E1974-19 - Standard Specification for Shelter, Electrical Equipment S-250/G
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002
Referred By
ASTM E1925-18 - Specification for Engineering and Design Criteria for Rigid Wall Relocatable Structures
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002

Buy Standard

ASTM E1851-02 - Standard Test Method for Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Durable Rigid Wall Relocatable StructuresASTM E1851-02 - Standard Test Method for Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Durable Rigid Wall Relocatable Structures
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM E1851-02 - Standard Test Method for Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Durable Rigid Wall Relocatable Structures
English language
15 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: E 1851 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Durable Rigid
1
Wall Relocatable Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1851; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
tions, equipment, or any combination.
1.1 The test method described in this standard can be used
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
to determine the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
durable relocatable shielded enclosures.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.1.1 The intended application of this test method is for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
virgin shielded enclosures that do not have any equipment or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
equipment racks. It is recommended that tests be conducted
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
before the interior finish work begins. However, the shield
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
assembly including all enclosure penetrations shall be com-
pleted and required penetration protection devices shall be
2. Referenced Documents
installed in accordance with the design specification. The test
2.1 IEEE Standards:
method can also be used on existing shielded enclosures after
IEEE Std299-1997, IEEE Standard Method for Measuring
repair work is done to verify workmanship, but it may be
theEffectivenessofElectromagneticShieldingEnclosures
necessary to remove equipment or equipment racks to gain
IEEE StdC95.1-1991, IEEE Standard for Safety Levels
access to a test area.
with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency
1.1.2 The test procedures delineated in this document are
Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz
comprehensive and may require several days to complete for a
2.2 Military Standard:
room-sizeshieldedenclosure.Ausercanapplythistestmethod
MIL-STD-188-125, High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse
for a first article test that requires proof of concept and
4
(HEMP) Protection for Ground Based C I Facilities Per-
validation of design and fabrication technique. Appendix X2
forming Critical, Time-Urgent Missions
provides guidance on choosing test points so shielding effec-
2.3 OSHA Standard:
tiveness tests on a room-size shielded enclosure may be
OSHA Regulation,29 CFR 1910, Department of Labor,
completed in about one-half day for which it applies to
July 1992
shielded enclosures coming off an assembly line.
1.2 This test method is for use in the following frequency
3. Summary of Test Method
ranges: 140 to 160 kHz, 14 to 16 MHz, 300 to 500 MHz, 900
3.1 Test Configuration—A transmitting antenna is con-
to 1000 MHz, and 8.5 to 10.5 GHz. Specific test frequencies
nected to an electromagnetic source set to a specific frequency
within these ranges are required (see 10.1.1 and 10.2.1).
and amplitude. A receiving antenna is placed a specified
Additional measurements in the range of 10 kHz to 10.1.5.1
distance from the transmitting antenna, and the received
GHz may be performed. For specific applications, the fre-
electromagnetic field level is recorded as a reference or
quency range may be extended from 50 Hz to 40 GHz.
calibration measurement. The transmitting antenna and elec-
Appendix X1 provides guidance on selecting measurement
tromagnetic source are placed outside the shielded enclosure.
frequencies.
Thereceivingantennaandassociatedtestequipmentareplaced
1.3 This test method is not applicable to individual compo-
inside the shielded enclosure. The transmitting and receiving
nents such as separate walls, floors, ceilings, or shielded racks.
antenna’s separation, frequency, and amplitude are the refer-
ence measurements. The transmitting and receiving antennas
are at the same height for a given test point. The received
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
electromagneticfieldlevelisrecordedasthetestmeasurement.
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.53
Theratioofthetestmeasurementtothereferencemeasurement
on Materials and Processes for Durable Rigidwall Relocatable Structures.
is the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the shielded
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published August 2002. Originally
published as E 1851–97. Last previous edition E 1851–97. structure at the measurement location and frequency. The
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM E1851-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Durable Rigid Wall Relocatable Structures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This standard provides measurement procedures for determining the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of durable rigid wall relocatable shielded enclosures. This standard specifies a method for comparing the shielded enclosure performance of structures provided by different suppliers. In addition, this standard is written to minimize variations in measured shielding effectiveness at a given frequency and test point regardless of test personnel, equipment, and test site. Therefore, the shielding effectiveness of a durable rigid wall relocatable shielded enclosure of any size from any supplier can be determined. This standard specifies a minimum set of measurements at a given frequency and a minimum set of frequencies to determine shielding effectiveness.  
5.2 Source Fields—Performance of a shielded enclosure is to be assessed for two source fields: magnetic and plane wave.  
5.2.1 Magnetic Field Measurements—The attenuation provided by a shielded enclosure is assessed by using a local source to generate the near field. The magnetic field measurements are specified for two narrow frequency bands: 140 kHz to 160 kHz and 14 MHz to 16 MHz.  
5.2.2 Plane Wave Measurements—The attenuation provided by a shielded enclosure is assessed by using a locally generated distant source or plane wave field. The plane wave measurements are specified for three narrow frequency bands: 300 MHz to 500 MHz, 900 MHz to 1000 MHz, and 8.5 GHz to 10.5 GHz.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of durable relocatable shielded enclosures.  
1.1.1 The intended application of this test method is for virgin shielded enclosures that do not have any equipment or equipment racks. It is recommended that tests be conducted before the interior finish work begins. However, the shield assembly including all enclosure penetrations shall be completed and required penetration protection devices shall be installed in accordance with the design specification. The test method can also be used on existing shielded enclosures after repair work is done to verify workmanship, but it may be necessary to remove equipment or equipment racks to gain access to a test area.  
1.1.2 The test procedures delineated in this document are comprehensive and may require several days to complete for a room-size shielded enclosure. A user can apply this test method for a first article test that requires proof of concept and validation of design and fabrication technique. Appendix X2 provides guidance on choosing test points so shielding effectiveness tests on a room-size shielded enclosure may be completed in about one-half day for which it applies to shielded enclosures coming off an assembly line.  
1.2 This test method is for use in the following frequency ranges: 140 kHz to 160 kHz, 14 MHz to 16 MHz, 300 MHz to 500 MHz, 900 MHz to 1000 MHz, and 8.5 GHz to 10.5 GHz. Specific test frequencies within these ranges are required (see 11.1.1 and 11.2.1). Additional measurements in the range of 10 kHz to 10.5 GHz may be performed. For specific applications, the frequency range may be extended from 50 Hz to 40 GHz. Appendix X1 provides guidance on selecting measurement frequencies.  
1.3 This test method is not applicable to individual components such as separate walls, floors, ceilings, or shielded racks.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, equipment, or any combination.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7...

  • Standard
    16 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    16 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E531-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Surveillance Testing of High-Temperature Nuclear Component Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The practice contained herein can be used as a basis for establishing conditions for the safe operation of critical structural components. The practices provide for general plant assessment and verification that materials continue meet design criteria and may in addition be of use for asset protection or life extension. The test specimens and procedures presented in this practice are for guidance when establishing a surveillance program.  
4.2 This practice for high-temperature materials surveillance programs is used when nuclear reactor component materials are monitored by specimen testing. Periodic testing is performed through the service life of the components to assess changes in selected material properties that are caused by neutron irradiation, thermal effects, chemical reactions, and mechanical stress. The properties of interest are those used as design criteria for the respective nuclear components or well correlated to said criteria (see 5.1.6). The need for surveillance arises from the need to assess predictions of aging material performance to ensure adequate component performance.  
4.3 This practice describes specimens and procedures required for the surveillance of multiple components. A surveillance program for a particular component will not necessarily require all test types described herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for surveillance program design and specimen testing to establish changes occurring in the mechanical properties of ferrous and nickel-based materials due to irradiation and thermal effects of nuclear component metallic materials used for high-temperature structural applications above 370 °C (700 °F). This should include consideration of gamma heating. This practice currently only applies to an initial program based on initial estimates of design life of components.  
1.2 This practice was developed for non-light-water moderated nuclear power reactors.  
1.3 This practice does not provide specific procedures for extending surveillance programs beyond their original design lifetimes.  
1.4 This practice does not consider in-situ monitoring techniques but may provide insights into the proper periodicity and design of such.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F2547-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Attenuation Properties in a Primary X-ray Beam of Materials Used to Protect Against Radiation Generated During the Use of X-ray Equipment

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to provide a standardized test procedure of protective materials to ensure comparable results among manufacturers and users.  
5.2 This test method involves measurement of the attenuation of X-rays by protective clothing material at an accelerating potential (kVp) between 60 and 130 kVp. These energies are considered to be representative of those commonly used during medical diagnosis.  
5.3 The reporting of the attenuation at a specific X-ray energy is intended to allow the end user organization to assess the attenuating properties of the protective clothing material at that energy level.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method establishes procedures for measuring the attenuation of X-rays by protective materials at accelerating potentials from 60 to 130 kVp.  
1.2 This test method provides attenuation values of primary beam X-radiation.  
1.3 This test method applies to both leaded and non-leaded radiation protective clothing materials.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM C1572/C1572M-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Dry Lead Glass and Oil-Filled Lead Glass Radiation Shielding Window Components for Remotely Operated Facilities

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Radiation Shielding Window Components:  
4.1.1 Radiation shielding window components operability and long-term integrity are concerns that originate during the design and fabrication sequences. Such concerns can only be addressed, or are most efficiently addressed, during one or the other of these stages. The operability and integrity can be compromised during handling and installation sequences. For this reason, the subject equipment should be handled and installed under closely controlled and supervised conditions.  
4.1.2 This standard is intended as a supplement to other standards and to federal and state regulations, codes, and criteria applicable to the design of radiation shielding window components.
SCOPE
1.1 Intent:  
1.1.1 The intent of this standard is to provide guidance for the design, fabrication, quality assurance, inspection, testing, packaging, shipping, installation, and maintenance of radiation shielding window components. These window components include wall liner embedments, dry lead glass radiation shielding window assemblies, oil-filled lead glass radiation shielding window assemblies, shielding wall plugs, barrier shields, view ports, and the installation/extraction table/device required for the installation and removal of the window components.  
1.2 Applicability:  
1.2.1 This standard is intended for those persons who are tasked with the planning, design, procurement, fabrication, installation, and operation of the radiation shielding window components that may be used in the operation of hot cells, high level caves, mini-cells, canyon facilities, and very high level radiation areas.  
1.2.2 This standard applies to radiation shielding window assemblies used in normal concrete walls, high-density concrete walls, steel walls and lead walls.  
1.2.3 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Common nomenclature for specifying some terms; specifically shielding, uses a combination of metric units and inch-pound units.  
1.2.4 This standard identifies the special information required by the Manufacturer for the design of window components. Table A1.1 shows a sample list of the radiation source spectra and geometry information, typically required for shielding analysis. Table A2.1 shows a detailed sample list of specific data typically required to determine the physical size, glass types, and viewing characteristics of the shielding window, or view port. Annex A3 shows general window configuration sketches. Blank copies of Table A1.2 and Table A2.1 are found in the respective Annexes for the Owner–Operator's use.  
1.2.5 This standard is intended to be generic and to apply to a wide range of configurations and types of lead glass radiation shielding window components used in hot cells. It does not address glovebox, water, X-ray glass, or zinc bromide windows.  
1.2.6 Supplementary information on viewing systems in hot cells may be found in Guides C1533 and C1661.  
1.3 Caveats:  
1.3.1 Consideration shall be given when preparing the shielding window designs for the safety related issues discussed in the Hazard Sources and Failure Modes, Section 11; such as dielectric discharge, over-pressurization, radiation exposure, contamination, and overturning of the installation/extraction table/device.  
1.3.2 In many cases, the use of the word “shall” has been purposely used in lieu of “should” to stress the importance of the statements that have been made in this standard.  
1.3.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental prac...

  • Guide
    30 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    30 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM C1841-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Interior Radiation Control Coating (IRCC) for Building Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the classification, composition, and physical properties of an Interior Radiation Control Coating (IRCC) for use in building applications to reduce radiant heat transfer. The IRCC is sprayed, roller applied, or brushed onto interior building surfaces.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3094-14(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Protection Provided By X-ray Shielding Garments Used in Medical X-ray Fluoroscopy from Sources of Scattered X-Rays

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to provide a standardized procedure to ensure comparable results between manufacturers, testing laboratories, and users.  
5.2 This test method attempts to realistically quantify the radiation protection provided by radiation protective garments under real-world conditions for workers primarily exposed to scattered radiation in medical fluoroscopy work.  
5.3 This test method is designed to simulate exposure conditions to radiation scattered from the body of the patient undergoing fluoroscopy through an angle of 90° from the primary X-ray beam.  
5.4 The test method is designed to include contributions of radiation dose to the wearer from secondary radiation emitted from the shielding material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method establishes a procedure for measuring the relative reduction in the intensity of X-radiation provided by shielding garments to the human user under conditions simulating actual use.  
1.2 This test method provides a condition simulating X-rays generated between 60 and 130 kV that are scattered through an angle of 90° by a water equivalent material.  
1.3 This test method applies to both leaded and no-leaded radiation protective materials.  
1.4 This test method provides a method for inclusion of secondary radiations generated within the protective material into a more realistic evaluation of radiation protection.  
1.5 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM C1831/C1831M-17(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Gamma Radiation Shielding Performance Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Shielding performance testing should be performed to verify analytical predictions of shielding effectiveness, compliance with design requirements, and determine the location(s) of shielding deficiencies that may require either supplemental shielding, design modification, or changes to operating methods and procedures to resolve.  
5.2 Dose rates higher than adjacent shielding may be expected in the vicinity of master-slave manipulator penetrations as a result of cable or tape clearance requirements within the mechanisms where they pass through the shield walls. This is true even with supplemental shielding installed in the manipulator through tube.  
5.3 Similar to manipulator penetrations, when sources are placed directly in front of penetrations and gaps resulting from access doors or panels, radiation levels directly on the other side of the gaps or penetrations may be higher than levels in adjacent shielding or analytical predictions. If these test configurations are representative of how the shielded enclosure will actually be operated (that is, the test configuration is representative of engineered source and normally occupied work locations) than the additional expense of designing or modifying the shielded enclosure should be considered if that location is normally occupied and will result in a significant increase of dose rates to personnel.  
5.4 Frames around shield windows may have a higher potential for shielding deficiencies.  
5.5 Shield walls constructed of concrete may be subject to the formation of void spaces that could result in diminished shielding performance.  
5.6 Background radiation levels in the area where the dose measurement data are being gathered shall be monitored and their contribution to measured dose rates accounted for in the data analysis as part of the test report.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide identifies appropriate test methods for determining the sufficiency of radiological shielding for hot cells and shielded enclosures.  
1.2 After constructing or modifying radiological shielding, it is necessary to verify that shielding performance meets or exceeds the shielding performance requirements. This is typically accomplished using sealed test sources of much less activity than the design basis. This allows for modifications or correction of any discrepancies identified before the commissioning of the hot cell.  
1.3 The guidance and practices recommended by this guide are applicable to both new and existing shielded facilities and enclosures for evaluating shielding suitability and locating the existence of shine paths or other shielding anomalies that result from design, manufacture, or construction.  
1.4 Two types of testing may be performed.  
1.4.1 Shielding performance verification testing provides evidence that the shielding configuration is sufficient for meeting established performance criteria and for identifying deficiencies in the shielding configuration or components that may not have been addressed during design. Test results are expected to demonstrate that shielding performance meets or exceeds design criteria, not match the dose rates predicted analytically.  
1.4.2 Shielding performance verification testing identifies shielding deficiencies (hot spots) in the installed configuration relative to adjacent shielding but does not demonstrate compliance with any quantitative shielding performance requirement.  
1.5 Performance testing should be specified and performed to assess shielding adequacy with sources in all critical locations.  
1.6 Requirements for shielding performance testing should be clearly defined in design basis or procurement documentation.  
1.7 This guide is not applicable to neutron radiation shielding performance evaluations.  
1.8 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, ea...

  • Guide
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM C1220-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Static Leaching of Monolithic Waste Forms for Disposal of Radioactive Waste

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to provide a measure of the reactivity of a material in a dilute solution in which the test response is dominated by the dissolution or leaching of the test specimen. It can be used to compare the dissolution or leaching behaviors of candidate radioactive waste forms and to study the reactions during static exposure to dilute solutions in which solution feed-back effects can be maintained negligible, depending on the test conditions.  
5.2 The test is suitable for application to natural minerals, simulated waste form materials, and radioactive waste form material specimens.  
5.3 Data from this test may form part of the larger body of data that is necessary in the logical approach to long-term prediction of waste form behavior, as described in Practice C1174. In particular, measured solution concentrations and characterizations of altered surfaces may be used in the validation of geochemical modeling codes.  
5.4 This test method excludes the use of crushed or powdered specimens and organic materials.  
5.5 Several reference test parameter values and reference leachant solutions are specified to facilitate the comparison of results of tests conducted with different materials and at different laboratories. However, other test parameter values and leachant solution compositions can be used to characterize the specimen reactivity.  
5.5.1 Tests can be conducted with different leachant compositions to simulate groundwaters, buffer the leachate pH as the specimen dissolves, or measure the common ion effect of particular solutes.  
5.5.2 Tests can be conducted to measure the effects of various test parameter values on the specimen response, including time, temperature, and S/V ratio. Tests conducted for different durations and at various temperatures provide insight into the reaction kinetics. Tests conducted at different S/V ratio provide insight into chemical affinity (solution feed-back effects) and the approach to saturation.  
...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a measure of the chemical durability of a simulated or radioactive monolithic waste form, such as a glass, ceramic, cement (grout), or cermet, in a test solution at temperatures  
1.2 This test method can be used to characterize the dissolution or leaching behaviors of various simulated or radioactive waste forms in various leachants under the specific conditions of the test based on analysis of the test solution. Data from this test are used to calculate normalized elemental mass loss values from specimens exposed to aqueous solutions at temperatures  
1.3 The test is conducted under static conditions in a constant solution volume and at a constant temperature. The reactivity of the test specimen is determined from the amounts of components released and accumulated in the solution over the test duration. A wide range of test conditions can be used to study material behavior, including various leachant composition, specimen surface area-to-leachant volume ratios, temperatures, and test durations.  
1.4 Three leachant compositions and four reference test matrices of test conditions are recommended to characterize materials behavior and facilitate interlaboratory comparisons of tests results.  
1.5 Specimen surfaces may become altered during this test. Although not part of the test method, it is recommended that these altered surface regions be examined to characterize chemical and physical changes due to the reaction of waste forms during static exposure to solutions.  
1.6 This test method is not recommended for evaluating metallic materials, the degradation of which includes oxidation reactions that are not controlled by this test method.  
1.7 This test method must be performed in accordance with all applicable quality assurance requirements for acceptance of the data.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement are included for r...

  • Standard
    22 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    22 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5403-93(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Volatile Content of Radiation Curable Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are the procedures of choice for determining volatile content of materials designed to be cured by exposure to ultraviolet light or electron beam irradiation. These types of materials contain liquid reactants that react to become part of the film during cure, but, which under the test conditions of Test Method D2369, will be erroneously measured as volatiles. The conditions of these test methods are similar to Test Method D2369 with the inclusion of a step to cure the material prior to weight loss determination. Volatile content is determined as two separate components—processing volatiles and potential volatiles. Processing volatiles is a measure of volatile loss during the actual cure process. Potential volatiles is a measure of volatile loss that might occur during aging or under extreme storage conditions. These volatile content measurements are useful to the producer and user of a material and to environmental interests for determining emissions.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the determination of weight percent volatile content of coatings, inks, and adhesives designed to be cured by exposure to ultraviolet light or to a beam of accelerated electrons.  
1.2 Test Method A is applicable to radiation curable materials that are essentially 100 % reactive but may contain traces (no more than 3 %) of volatile materials as impurities or introduced by the inclusion of various additives.  
1.3 Test Method B is applicable to all radiation curable materials but must be used for materials that contain volatile solvents intentionally introduced to control application viscosity and which are intended to be removed from the material prior to cure.  
1.4 These test methods may not be applicable to radiation curable materials wherein the volatile material is water, and other procedures may be substituted by mutual consent of the producer and user.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazard statement is given in 15.7.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1167-15(2021)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Radiation Protection Program for Decommissioning Operations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A program based on this guide will provide assurance to all concerned that the appropriate elements of radiation safety have been included to protect workers, the general public, and the environment in proximity to the decommissioning activities.  
4.2 Implementation of such a program will provide assurance to those agencies responsible for review or audit of the decommissioning project that the requirements for radiation protection have been addressed.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides instruction to the individual charged with the responsibility for developing and implementing the radiation protection program for decommissioning operations.  
1.2 This guide provides a basis for the user to develop radiation protection program documentation that will support both the radiological engineering and radiation safety aspects of the decommissioning project.  
1.3 This guide presents a description of those elements that should be addressed in a specific radiation protection plan for each decommissioning project. The plan would, in turn, form the basis for development of the implementation procedures that execute the intent of the plan.  
1.4 This guide applies to the development of radiation protection programs established to control exposures to radiation and radioactive materials associated with the decommissioning of nuclear facilities. The intent of this guide is to supplement existing radiation protection programs as they may pertain to decommissioning workers, members of the general public and the environment by describing the basic elements of a radiation protection program for decommissioning operations.  
1.5 This guide defines the elements of a radiation protection program that will ensure that the goals and objectives of a decommissioning activity are attained within the radiological limits and restrictions imposed by applicable governing and regulating agencies. The implementation of such a program will provide radiological protection to personnel and the environment. This guide should be used for developing the documentation that defines the intent and implementation of the radiation protection program for a specific decommissioning project.  
1.6 The Radiation Protection Program should address the following elements (see Note 1). This program shall be developed and maintained such that it satisfies all applicable Quality Assurance requirements developed for the decommissioning project.  
Note 1: If the site to be decommissioned is adjacent to an operating site, the radiological impact of the operating site must be considered in the development of the Radiation Protection Program for the decommissioning site.  
1.7 This guide does not address the subjects of emergency preparedness, safeguards, accountability, waste handling, storage, and transportation. Each of these issues has a direct interface with the radiation protection program. However, each constitutes a program in and of itself from program definition through implementation.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off