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ASTM D4690-12(2018)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives

Standard Specification for Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives

ABSTRACT
This specification covers three types of urea-formaldehyde thermosetting resin adhesives suitable for use on wood, wood-based substrates, or plastic laminates. The requirements for the adhesive are based on tests of physical properties including viscosity, density, nonvolatile content, pH, insoluble matter, amylaceous matter, mixing properties, working life, and on strength properties, including dry shear strength in lumber-type joints, dry and wet shear strength in plywood-type joints, and all strength tests at the end of the storage life certified by the manufacturer. Testing procedures are specified to differentiate between the physical and adhesive bonding properties of the many commercial urea-formaldehyde thermosetting resin and catalyst systems. The adhesive bonding properties are measured on maple block and birch plywood specimens, prepared and tested in accordance with prescribed methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers three types of urea-formaldehyde thermosetting resin adhesives suitable for use on wood, wood-based substrates, or plastic laminates.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 The requirements for the adhesive are based on tests of physical properties including viscosity, density, nonvolatile content, pH, insoluble matter, amylaceous matter, mixing properties, working life, and on strength properties, including dry shear strength in lumber-type joints, dry and wet shear strength in plywood-type joints, and all strength tests at the end of the storage life certified by the manufacturer.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 8 through 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jul-2018
ICS
83.180 - Adhesives
Technical Committee
D14 - Adhesives
Drafting Committee
D14.30 - Wood Adhesives
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E70-07(2015) - Standard Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode
Effective Date
01-Jun-2015
Refers
ASTM D1490-01(2018) - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Solutions
Effective Date
01-Aug-2018
Refers
ASTM D1583-01(2018) - Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Ion Concentration of Dry Adhesive Films
Effective Date
01-Aug-2018
Refers
ASTM D2556-14(2018) - Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties Using Rotational Viscometry
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018
Refers
ASTM D1875-03(2018) - Standard Test Method for Density of Adhesives in Fluid Form
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018
Refers
ASTM D5266-13(2020) - Standard Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM D906-98(2017) - Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Plywood Type Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
Effective Date
01-Aug-2017
Refers
ASTM D906-20 - Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Plywood Type Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Referred By
ASTM D6465-99(2016) - Standard Guide for Selecting Aerospace and General Purpose Adhesives and Sealants
Effective Date
01-Aug-2018

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ASTM D4690-12(2018) - Standard Specification for Urea-Formaldehyde Resin AdhesivesASTM D4690-12(2018) - Standard Specification for Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives
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ASTM D4690-12(2018) - Standard Specification for Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4690 −12 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
1
Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4690; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope B417 Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-
Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel
1.1 This specification covers three types of urea-
D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
formaldehyde thermosetting resin adhesives suitable for use on
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
wood, wood-based substrates, or plastic laminates.
D906 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Plywood Type Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
information only.
D1084 Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives
1.3 The requirements for the adhesive are based on tests of D1489 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Aqueous
Adhesives
physical properties including viscosity, density, nonvolatile
content, pH, insoluble matter, amylaceous matter, mixing D1490 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Urea-
Formaldehyde Resin Solutions
properties, working life, and on strength properties, including
dry shear strength in lumber-type joints, dry and wet shear D1583 Test Method for Hydrogen Ion Concentration of Dry
Adhesive Films
strengthinplywood-typejoints,andallstrengthtestsattheend
of the storage life certified by the manufacturer. D1875 Test Method for Density ofAdhesives in Fluid Form
D2556 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties Using Ro-
test method portion, Sections 8 through 11, of this specifica-
tational Viscometry
tion: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
D5266 Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
health, and environmental practices and determine the appli-
Glass Electrode
cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
by Means of Aqueous Solutions
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3
2.2 Federal Specifications:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
PPP-C-96 Cans, Metal, 28 Gage and Lighter
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
PPP-D-723 Drums, Fiber
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
PPP-D-729 Drums, Shipping and Storage, Steel, 55-gal
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
(208-L)
3
2. Referenced Documents
2.3 Federal Standard:
2
FED-STD-123 Marking for Shipment
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
2.4 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood
3. Terminology
Adhesives.
3.1 Definitions—Many terms in this specification are de-
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4690 – 12. DOI:
fined in Terminology D907.
10.1520/D4690-12R18.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
This specification is intended as a replacement for Federal Specification
MMM-A-188c, Adhesive; Urea Resin Type (Liquid and Powder).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
the ASTM website. dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4690 − 12 (2018)
TABLE 1 Test Requirements
3.2.1 lot—adhesive manufactured at one place from the
same batch or blends of
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed for obtaining a qualitative estimate of the compatibility of plastics and adhesives. Due to the many process variables associated with the fabrication of plastic parts, it is not possible to use this test as a substitute for compatibility tests on actual parts.  
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ASTM D4800-94(2023)(Guide)
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4.1 The purpose of this classification system is to provide a method of identifying adhesives in order to give industry a system that can be used universally for materials. It further provides a means for specifying these materials by the use of the standards that are developed using this guide.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a classification system for tabulating the properties of adhesives suitable for holding parts or assemblies together. The use of this guide also provides information necessary for the development of standard specifications for adhesives.  
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This specification covers liquid optical adhesive for use in bonding glass to glass or other transparent adherends. The adhesive shall be in liquid form and free of solvent in order to avoid bubble formation in the adhesive layer. Each component shall be completely reactive. The adhesive may be heat-, catalyst-, or radiation-cured. Voltatility, color, viscosity, foreign particle content, refractive index, stability, light transmission, glass doublet preparation, environmental test, and bond strength tests shall be performed in accordance with the specified requirements.
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4.1 These test methods are designed to be used to determine the susceptibility of the adhesive film to biodegradation and whether the adhesive will carry into the bond line sufficient anti-fungal properties to prevent growth of fungi frequently present on the gluing equipment, on adherends, or in the adhesive as applied.  
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ASTM D4317-16(2023)(Specification)
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This specification covers polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl acetate copolymer resin emulsion adhesives suitable for use on wood, wood-based substrates, or plastic laminates. This does not cover the group of polyvinyl-based adhesives suitable for bonding flexible films. Adhesives are classified on the basis of water resistance at three performance levels, namely wet-use (Type 1), intermediate use (Type 2), and dry-use (Type 3). Adhesives shall conform to test requirements as performed under the following exposure conditions and treatments: dry shear at specified temperatures; two-cycle boil; 48-hour soak; humidity exposure; freeze-thaw stability; and storage life. Materials shall also adhere to physical properties such as density, nonvolatile matter, and pH.
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1.1 This specification covers polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl acetate copolymer resin emulsion adhesives suitable for use on wood, wood-based substrates, or plastic laminates. It does not cover the group of polyvinyl-based adhesives which are suitable for bonding flexible films.  
1.2 The adhesives are classified at three performance levels in accordance with water-resistance as shown in Table 1 and Table 2. See Section 5 for a description of the expected exposure conditions for each class of adhesive. See Table X1.1 for a classification of typical end products that are manufactured using adhesives at the three performance levels covered by this specification.    
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Section  
Tests for Physical Properties  
9  
Viscosity  
9.1.1  
Density  
9.1.2  
Nonvolatiles  
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pH  
9.1.4  
Tests for Adhesive Bond  
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ASTM D1876-08(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-Peel Test)

ABSTRACT
This test method is primarily intended for determining the relative peel resistance of adhesive bonds between flexible adherends by means of a T-type specimen using a tension testing machine. The bent, unbonded ends of the test specimen shall be clamped in the test grips of the tension testing machine and a load of a constant head speed shall be applied. An autographic recording of the load versus the head movement or load versus distance peeled shall be made. The peel resistance over a specified length of the bond line after the initial peak shall be determined.
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1.1 This test method is primarily intended for determining the relative peel resistance of adhesive bonds between flexible adherends by means of a T-type specimen.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
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ASTM D3930-08(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Adhesives for Wood-Based Materials for Construction of Manufactured Homes

ABSTRACT
This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semistructural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having woodbased surfaces at the bondline. The adhesives can be classified according to resistance to deformation: Group A or structural, and Group B or semistructural. Also, the adhesives may be designated into three types, according to their recommended use based on their resistance to water and water vapor: Type 1 for interior and exterior use, Type 2 for weather-protected interior use, and Type 3 for interior use only. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of adhesives: shear strength, gap-filling ability, total deformation resistance, moisture and temperature limitation during fabrication, high-temperature resistance, low-temperature resistance, moisture resistance, aging, oxidation resistance, and mold resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semi-structural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having wood-based surfaces at the bondline. This specification does not cover other adhesives used in manufactured homes such as adhesives for carpet, floor tile, ceramic fixtures, plastic laminates, trim and millwork, and similar nonstructural applications.  
1.1.1 The performance of the adhesives is measured in the following tests:    
Number  
Test  
Section  
1  
Low Temperature  
16  
2  
Dry Lumber  
17  
3  
Gap-Filling  
18  
4  
High Temperature  
19  
5  
Type 3 Qualification  
20  
6  
Type 2 Qualification  
21  
7  
Aging, Film Oxidation  
22  
8  
Aging, Bond Oxidation  
23  
9  
Resistance to Deformation, Creep  
24  
10  
Mold  
25  
11  
Type 1 Qualification  
26  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1062-08(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Cleavage Strength of Metal-to-Metal Adhesive Bonds

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of the comparative cleavage strength properties of metal-to-metal adhesive bonds. The testing machine shall be capable of maintaining the rate of loading and shall compose of fixed member, movable member, and grips. Test specimens shall consist of metal pieces glued together according to the prescribed dimensions indicated in this standard method. Recommended metal specimens are the following: brass, copper, aluminum, steel, and phosphor bronze. Bonding and conditioning of specimen shall be done according to the procedure specified by the manufacturer of the adhesive. Testing procedure shall be in accordance to the load rate limits specified in this standard method. Cleavage strength shall be expressed in pounds per inch and shall be reported in three significant figures in addition to the following information: adhesive identification, preparation method, adhesive layer thickness, conditioning procedure used, testing room condition, specimen number, and loading rate.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative cleavage properties of adhesive bonds when tested on standard shape metal specimens under specified conditions of preparation and testing. It may be used also to compare adhesives used with other metallic materials having any specified surface treatment.  
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