ASTM D4595-17

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide-Width Strip Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the wide-width strip force-elongation properties of geotextiles provides design parameters for reinforcement type applications, for example design of reinforced embankments over soft subgrades, reinforced soil retaining walls, and reinforcement of slopes. When strength is not necessarily a design consideration, an alternative test method may be used for acceptance testing. Test Method D4595 for the determination of the wide-width strip tensile properties of geotextiles may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geotextiles, but caution is advised since information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete (Note 6). Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.  
5.1.1 In cases of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D4595 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. At a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing began. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 Most geotextiles can be tested by this test method. Some modification of clamping techniques may be necessary for a given geotextile depending upon its structure. Special clamping adaptions may be necessary with strong geotextiles or geotextiles made f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile properties of geotextiles using a wide-width strip specimen tensile method. This test method is applicable to most geotextiles that include woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, layered fabrics, knit fabrics, and felts that are used for geotextile application.  
1.2 This test method covers the measurement of tensile strength and elongation of geotextiles and includes directions for the calculation of initial modulus, offset modulus, secant modulus, and breaking toughness.  
1.3 Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of both conditioned and wet geotextiles by the wide-width strip method are included.  
1.4 The basic distinction between this test method and other methods for measuring strip tensile properties is the width of the specimen. Some fabrics used in geotextile applications have a tendency to contract (neck down) under a force in the gage length area. The greater width of the specimen specified in this test method minimizes the contraction effect of those fabrics and provides a closer relationship to expected geotextile behavior in the field and a standard comparison.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2017
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.01 - Mechanical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4595 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide-Width Strip
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4595; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
properties of geotextiles using a wide-width strip specimen
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
tensile method. This test method is applicable to most geotex-
D579 Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics
tiles that include woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, layered
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
fabrics, knit fabrics, and felts that are used for geotextile
D2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for
application.
3
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
1.2 This test method covers the measurement of tensile
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
strength and elongation of geotextiles and includes directions
for the calculation of initial modulus, offset modulus, secant
3. Terminology
modulus, and breaking toughness.
3.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, n—air maintained at
a relative humidity of 65 6 5 % and a temperature of 21 6
1.3 Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of both
2 °C (70 6 4 °F).
conditioned and wet geotextiles by the wide-width strip
−1 −2
method are included.
3.2 breaking toughness, T, (FL ), Jm , n—for geotextiles,
the actual work-to-break per unit surface area of material.
1.4 The basic distinction between this test method and other
methods for measuring strip tensile properties is the width of
3.2.1 Discussion—Breaking toughness is proportional to the
the specimen. Some fabrics used in geotextile applications
area under the force-elongation curve from the origin to the
have a tendency to contract (neck down) under a force in the
breaking point (see also work-to-break). Breaking toughness is
gage length area. The greater width of the specimen specified
calculated from work-to-break, gage length, and width of a
in this test method minimizes the contraction effect of those
specimen.
fabrics and provides a closer relationship to expected geotextile
3.3 corresponding force, F , n—the force associated with a
c
behavior in the field and a standard comparison.
specific elongation on the force-per-unit-width strain curve.
(Syn. load at specified elongation, LASE.)
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.4 geotechnical engineering, n—the engineering applica-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- tion of geotechnics.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.5 geotechnics, n—the application of scientific methods
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and engineering principles to the acquisition, interpretation,
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
and use of knowledge of materials of the earth’s crust to the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
solution of engineering problems.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.5.1 Discussion—Geotechnics embraces the fields of soil
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mechanics, rock mechanics, and many of the engineering
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
aspects of geology, geophysics, hydrology, and related sci-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ences.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani- contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
cal Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4595 – 11. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D4595-17. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4595 − 17
3.6 geotextile, n—any permeable textile material used with 3.18 For terminology of other terms used in this test
foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical engi- method, refer to Ter
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4595 − 11 D4595 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide-Width Strip
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4595; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile properties of geotextiles using a wide-width strip specimen tensile
method. This test method is applicable to most geotextiles that include woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, layered fabrics, knit
fabrics, and felts that are used for geotextile application.
1.2 This test method covers the measurement of tensile strength and elongation of geotextiles and includes directions for the
calculation of initial modulus, offset modulus, secant modulus, and breaking toughness.
1.3 Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of both conditioned and wet geotextiles by the wide-width strip method are
included.
1.4 The basic distinction between this test method and other methods for measuring strip tensile properties is the width of the
specimen. Some fabrics used in geotextile applications have a tendency to contract (neck down) under a force in the gage length
area. The greater width of the specimen specified in this test method minimizes the contraction effect of those fabrics and provides
a closer relationship to expected geotextile behavior in the field and a standard comparison.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D579 Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
3
D2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
3. Terminology
3.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, n.—air maintained at a relative humidity of 65 6 5 % and a temperature of 21 6 2°C
(70 6 4°F).
3.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, n—air maintained at a relative humidity of 65 6 5 % and a temperature of 21 6 2 °C
(70 6 4 °F).
−1 −2
3.2 breaking toughness, T, (FL ), Jm , n.—for geotextiles, the actual work-to-break per unit surface area of material.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011June 1, 2017. Published March 2009June 2017. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20092011 as D4595
– 09.11. DOI: 10.1520/D4595-11.10.1520/D4595-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4595 − 17
3.2.1 Discussion—Breaking toughness is proportional to the area under the force − elongation curve from the origin to the
breaking point (see also work-to-break). Breaking toughness is calculated from work-to-break, gage length, and width of a
specimen.
−1 −2
3.2 breaking toughness, T, (FL ), Jm , n—for geotextiles, the actual work-to-break per unit surface area of material.
3.2.1 Discussion—
Breaking toughness is proportional to the area under the force-elongation curve from the origin to the breaking point (see also
work-to-break). Breaking toughness is calculated from work-to-break, gage length, and width of a specimen.
3.3
...