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ASTM C827-01a(2005)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Change in Height at Early Ages of Cylindrical Specimens of Cementitious Mixtures

Standard Test Method for Change in Height at Early Ages of Cylindrical Specimens of Cementitious Mixtures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a means for comparing the relative shrinkage or expansion of cementitious mixtures. It is particularly applicable to grouting, patching, and form-filling operations where the objective is to completely fill a cavity or other defined space with a freshly mixed cementitious mixture that will continue to fill the same space at time of hardening. It would be appropriate to use this test method as a basis for prescribing mixtures having restricted or specified volume change before the mixture becomes hard.
This test method can be used for research purposes to provide information on volume changes taking place in cementitious mixtures between the time just after mixing and the time of hardening. However, the specimen used in this test method is not completely unrestrained so that the measurements are primarily useful for comparative purposes rather than as absolute values. Further, the degree of restraint to which the specimen is subjected varies with the viscosity and degree of hardening of the mixture.
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Early Change in Height
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of change in height of cylindrical specimens from the time of molding until the mixture is hard.
1.2 This test method covers height change measurements at early ages for cementitious mixtures of paste, grout, mortar, and concrete.
1.3 This test method is intended for determination of changes in height that occur from the time of placement until the specimen is fully hard. These include shrinkage or expansion due to hydration, settlement, evaporation, and other physical and chemical effects.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the test method.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2005
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.68 - Volume Change
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C827-01a - Standard Test Method for Change in Height at Early Ages of Cylindrical Specimens of Cementitious Mixtures
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Replaced By
ASTM C827/C827M-10 - Standard Test Method for Change in Height at Early Ages of Cylindrical Specimens of Cementitious Mixtures
Effective Date
15-Jun-2010

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ASTM C827-01a(2005) - Standard Test Method for Change in Height at Early Ages of Cylindrical Specimens of Cementitious MixturesASTM C827-01a(2005) - Standard Test Method for Change in Height at Early Ages of Cylindrical Specimens of Cementitious Mixtures
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ASTM C827-01a(2005) - Standard Test Method for Change in Height at Early Ages of Cylindrical Specimens of Cementitious Mixtures
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C827–01a (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Change in Height at Early Ages of Cylindrical Specimens of
1
Cementitious Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C827; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),
Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
1.1 This test method covers the determination of change in
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
height of cylindrical specimens from the time of molding until
Concrete
the mixture is hard.
C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
1.2 This test method covers height change measurements at
Mortar
early ages for cementitious mixtures of paste, grout, mortar,
C191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic
and concrete.
Cement by Vicat Needle
1.3 This test method is intended for determination of
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete
changes in height that occur from the time of placement until
Test Specimens in the Laboratory
the specimen is fully hard. These include shrinkage or expan-
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
sion due to hydration, settlement, evaporation, and other
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
physical and chemical effects.
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
standard.
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C807 TestMethodforTimeofSettingofHydraulicCement
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Mortar by Modified Vicat Needle
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
C939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)
1.6 The text of this test method references notes and
C953 Test Method for Time of Setting of Grouts for
footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes
Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the
C1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
test method.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
2 3.1 Definitions—The terms used in this test method are
2.1 ASTM Standards:
defined in Terminology C125.
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
3.2.1 early-age change in height, n—the measured increase
Specimens)
or decrease in height of a laterally confined cylindrical test
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
specimen from the time of molding to when the mixture
gregates
becomeshard.Theusermaywanttodefinethisageasthetime
whenacompanionspecimenofthesamebatchhasreachedthe
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
time of final setting by Test Method C191 (paste), C953
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
(mortar or grout), C403/C403M (concrete), or establish a
C09.68 on Volume Change.
predetermined age in minutes from the time the specimen is
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C827–01a. DOI:
cast as the defined age to record the final measurement.
10.1520/C0827-01AR05.
Changes in height are measured and expressed as a positive or
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
negative change in the height of a test specimen that is
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on restrained from lateral movement.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C827–01a (2005)
4. Significance and Use 5.3 Magnifying Lens System,amagnifyinglenssystemsuch
that the image of the indicator ball produced by the projected
4.1 This test method provides a means for comparing the
light source is cast on the indicating chart about 5 m (15 ft)
relative shrinkage or expansion of cementitious mixtures. It is
away at a magnification of 90
...

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1.1 This guide provides information on how to compare the relative performance and potential incompatibility of combinations of concrete-making materials. Performance tests on fresh and early-age properties of mortar mixtures can be useful indicators of concrete performance using similar materials. The performance tests described in this guide include mortar-slump, mortar spread, mortar-workability retention, early stiffening of mortar, time of setting, air entrainment, and hydration kinetics.  
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Standard Test Method for Change in Height at Early Ages of Cylindrical Specimens of Cementitious Mixtures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a means for comparing the relative shrinkage or expansion of cementitious mixtures. It is particularly applicable to grouting, patching, and form-filling operations where the objective is to completely fill a cavity or other defined space with a freshly mixed cementitious mixture that will continue to fill the same space at time of hardening. It would be appropriate to use this test method as a basis for prescribing mixtures having restricted or specified volume change before the mixture becomes hard.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of change in height of cylindrical specimens from the time of molding until the mixture is hard.  
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4.1 This test method is intended to provide a means of assessing the ability of a hydraulic-cement grout to retain a stable volume during the stipulated testing period of 28 days, provided that the tendency to change height does not include the effects of drying caused by evaporation, uptake of moisture, carbonation, or exposure to temperatures outside the range 23.0 °C ± 2.0 °C [73 °F ± 3.5 °F] (Note 2). An exception is made when the options described in the section on test conditions are exercised.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effect on mortar strength of the organic impurities in fine aggregate, whose presence is indicated using Test Method C40/C40M. Comparison is made between compressive strengths of mortar made with washed and unwashed fine aggregate.  
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5.1 Thermal power curves are used to evaluate the isothermal hydration kinetics of the combined mixture of different materials during the early period after being mixed with water. These isothermal power curves, or hydration profiles, may provide indications relative to setting characteristics, compatibility of different materials, sulfate balance and early strength development. The isothermal hydration profiles can also be used to evaluate the effects of compositions, proportions, and time of addition of materials as well as curing temperature. Special care must be used in evaluating extended retardation with paste specimens, which have been shown to overestimate the retardation of some mixtures containing cement, SCM, and admixtures.  
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5.3 Although this technique has been used historically to understand issues related to setting and slump loss, it must be emphasized that isothermal calorimetry results cannot predict concrete performance definitely, either positively or negatively. Extensive verification in concrete at planned dosages and temperatures, and at higher dosages, is needed. Isothermal calorimetry is an effective tool to identify sensitivities, so that concrete testing can be efficiently planned and performed.  
5.4 This practice provides a means of assessing the relative hydration performance of various test mixtures compared with control mixtures that are prepared in a similar manner.  
5.5 The procedure and apparatus can be used to monitor the thermal power from pastes and mortars alone or in combination with chemical admixtures.  
5.6 The isothermal calorimeter described here can be used to measure the thermal power and heat of hydration of mortars prepared independently or obtained by wet sieving from concrete in accordance with Practice C172/C1...
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1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for measuring relative differences in hydration kinetics of hydraulic cementitious mixtures, either in paste or mortar (see Note 1), including those containing admixtures, various supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), and other fine materials by measuring the thermal power using an isothermal calorimeter.
Note 1: Paste specimens are often preferred for mechanistic research when details of individual reaction peaks are important or for particular calorimetry configurations. Mortar specimens may give results that have better correlation with concrete setting and early strength development and are often preferred to evaluate different mixture proportions for concrete. Both paste and mortar studies have been found to be effective in evaluating concrete field problems due to incompatibility of materials used in concrete mixtures.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
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4.3 In the absence of long-term durability or acceptable field performance, prospective users are advised to apply appropriate risk management and engineering practice in the use of an ASCM.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a technical approach to the evaluation of alternative supplementary cementitious materials such as pozzolans and hydraulic materials that fall outside the scope of Specifications C618, C989/C989M, C1240, and C1866/C1866M. This guide provides the initial steps for a comprehensive evaluation of an ASCM that provides due diligence for its specific intended uses in concrete; however, it does not evaluate conformance to all possible performance criteria for all types of concrete mixtures.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Evaluating Early Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Thermal Measurements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a means of assessing the relative early hydration performance of various test mixtures compared with control mixtures that are prepared in a similar manner.  
5.2 Thermal profiles are used to evaluate the hydration behavior of hydraulic cementitious mixtures after the addition of water. They may provide indications concerning setting characteristics, compatibility of different materials, sulfate balance, relative heat of hydration, and early strength development. They can be used to evaluate the effects of compositions, proportions, and time of addition of materials as well as the initial mixture and test temperatures. Thermal profile testing is an effective tool for identifying performance sensitivities or trends, and may help to reduce the number of concrete test mixtures required to develop and qualify mixtures, especially those to be subject to variable ambient environments. It may be used by concrete producers, materials suppliers, and other practitioners to support mixture development, selection of material types or sources, optimization of proportions, or troubleshooting of field problems.  
5.3 This practice can be used to understand concrete problems related to slump loss, setting, and early strength, but results may not predict field concrete performance. Performance verification with concrete is needed to quantify the trends identified using thermal testing.  
5.4 This practice can be used to evaluate the effects of chemical admixtures on the thermal profiles of cementitious mixtures. This can be especially useful in selecting dosages appropriate for different ambient conditions.  
5.5 Thermal measurement testing as described in this practice may have similar significance and use as isothermal calorimetry described by Practice C1679 or some types of near-adiabatic calorimetry. The selection of which practice or methods to use may depend on specific applications and circumstances. The thermal profiles obtained by this practic...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for evaluating relative differences in early hydration of hydraulic cementitious mixtures such as paste, mortar, or concrete, including those containing chemical admixtures, various supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), and other finely divided materials, by measuring the temperature history of a specimen.  
1.2 Calorimetry is the measurement of heat lost or gained during a chemical reaction such as cement hydration; calorimetric measurements as a function of time can be used to describe and evaluate hydration and related early-age property development. Calorimetry may be performed under isothermal conditions (as described in Practice C1679) or under adiabatic or semi-adiabatic conditions. This practice cannot be described as calorimetry because no attempt is made to measure or compute the heat evolved from test specimens due to hydration, but it can in many cases be used for similar evaluations. Variables that should be considered in the application of this practice are discussed in the Appendix.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Warning: Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
1.5 This...

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ASTM
ASTM C1697-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Blended Supplementary Cementitious Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers blended supplementary cementitious materials that result from the blending or intergrinding of two or three ASTM compliant supplementary cementitious materials, for use in concrete or mortar where hydraulic or pozzolanic action, or both, is desired. The supplementary cementitious materials include slag cement conforming to Specification C989/C989M, natural pozzolans and coal fly ash conforming to Specification C618 and silica fume conforming to Specification C1240.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: The incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials as separate additions or as a manufactured blend may significantly alter the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The user should be aware of these changes and is referred to the ACI Manual of Concrete Practice2 for information and guidelines. Specific reference is made to:    
ACI 232.1R  
Use of Natural Pozzolans in Concrete  
ACI 232.2R  
Use of Fly Ash in Concrete  
ACI 233R  
Slag Cement in Concrete and Mortar  
ACI 234R  
Guide for the Use of Silica Fume in Concrete  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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