ASTM D7689-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)
Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The cloud point of petroleum products and biodiesel fuels is an index of the lowest temperature of their utility for certain applications. Wax crystals of sufficient quantity can plug filters used in some fuel systems.
Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the cloud point.
This test method can determine the temperature of the test specimen at which wax crystals have formed sufficiently to be observed as a cloud with a resolution of 0.1°C.
This test method provides results that, when corrected for bias and rounded to the next lower integer (see 12.2), have been found equivalent to Test Method D2500.
This test method determines the cloud point in a shorter time period than required by Test Method D2500.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cloud point of petroleum products, biodiesel, and biodiesel blends, that are transparent in layers 40 mm in thickness, using an automatic instrument.
1.2 This test method covers the range of cloud point temperatures from -50 to +6°C.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D7689 − 11
Standard Test Method for
1
Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7689; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 biodiesel, n—fuel comprising mono-alkyl esters of
long-chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cloud
fats, designated B100.
point of petroleum products, biodiesel, and biodiesel blends,
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Biodiesel is typically produced by a
that are transparent in layers 40 mm in thickness, using an
reaction of vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol such as
automatic instrument.
methanol or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst to yield
1.2 This test method covers the range of cloud point
mono-esters and glycerin.The fuel typically may contain up to
temperatures from -50 to +6°C.
14differenttypesoffattyacidsthatarechemicallytransformed
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), n—blend of biodiesel fuel with
standard.
petroleum-based diesel fuel designated BXX, where XX is the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
volume percentage (as a whole number without the percentage
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sign) of biodiesel.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.3 cloud point, n— in petroleum products and biodiesel
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
fuels, the temperature of a liquid specimen when the smallest
observable cluster of hydrocarbon crystals first occurs upon
2. Referenced Documents
cooling under prescribed conditions.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.1.3.1 Discussion—The cloud point occurs when the tem-
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
perature of the specimen is low enough to cause hydrocarbon
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
crystals to precipitate. In a homogeneous liquid, the cloud is
Petroleum Products
always noted first at the location in the specimen where the
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
specimen temperature is the lowest. The cloud point is the
Petroleum Products
temperature at which the crystals first occur, regardless of their
D6708 Practice for StatisticalAssessment and Improvement
location in the specimen, and not after extensive crystallization
of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
has taken place. The hydrocarbon crystals that precipitate at
Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
lower temperatures are typically, but not excluded to, straight
3
chain hydrocarbons commonly called “wax crystals.”
2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
IP219 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 D2500/IP219 equivalent cloud point, n—temperature
3. Terminology
of a specimen, in integers, calculated by applying a bias and
3.1 Definitions:
rounding the results of this test method to the next lower
integer (see 12.2).
3.2.1.1 Discussion—This test method produces results with
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
0.1°C resolution. Should the user wish to provide results with
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
a similar format to Test Method D2500, then this calculation
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published August 2011. DOI:10.1520/ canbeperformed.Someapparatuscanperformthiscalculation
D7689–11.
automatically.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.2 mini method, n— in cloud point test methods, auto-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
matic test procedure using a small sample size, prescribed
the ASTM website.
3 cooling rate, specimen receptacle, and optical system for
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
U.K., http://www.energyinst.org. detection of crystal formation.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7689 − 11
NOTE 1—Standard NWV type vial is suitable.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The prescribed cooling rate is de-
scribed in 4.1,
...
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