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ASTM C1104/C1104M-13

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining the Water Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber Insulation

Standard Test Method for Determining the Water Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The sorption of water can result in an increase in weight and a resultant potential degradation of the properties of the insulation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of water vapor sorbed by mineral fiber insulation exposed to a high-humidity atmosphere. This test method is applicable only to fibrous base material and binder. The results obtained by this test method cannot be used in describing faced products, since the facing is not tested by using this test method.  
1.2 The water vapor sorption characteristics of materials may be affected by conditions such as elevated temperatures or chemical exposures. Values obtained as a result of this test method may not adequately describe the water vapor sorption characteristics of materials subjected to these conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jan-2013
ICS
91.100.60 - Thermal and sound insulating materials
Technical Committee
C16 - Thermal Insulation
Drafting Committee
C16.33 - Insulation Finishes and Moisture
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1104/C1104M-00(2006) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Water Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber Insulation
Effective Date
15-Jan-2013
Replaced By
ASTM C1104/C1104M-13a - Standard Test Method for Determining the Water Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber Insulation
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013
Referred By
ASTM C1410-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Cellular Melamine Thermal and Sound-Absorbing Insulation
Effective Date
15-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM C1676/C1676M-23 - Standard Specification for Microporous Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
15-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM C1290-16(2021) - Standard Specification for Flexible Fibrous Glass Blanket Insulation Used to Externally Insulate HVAC Ducts
Effective Date
15-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM C1071-19 - Standard Specification for Fibrous Glass Duct Lining Insulation (Thermal and Sound Absorbing Material)
Effective Date
15-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM C665-23 - Standard Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Light Frame Construction and Manufactured Housing
Effective Date
15-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM C1685-15(2021) - Standard Specification for Pneumatically Applied High-Temperature Fiber Thermal Insulation for Industrial Applications
Effective Date
15-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM C764-19 - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Loose-Fill Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
15-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM C1534-22 - Standard Specification for Flexible Polymeric Foam Sheet Insulation Used as a Thermal and Sound Absorbing Liner for Duct Systems
Effective Date
15-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM C892-19 - Standard Specification for High-Temperature Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
15-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM C991-23 - Standard Specification for Flexible Fibrous Glass Insulation for Metal Buildings
Effective Date
15-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM C592-22a - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Insulation and Blanket-Type Pipe Insulation (Metal-Mesh Covered) (Industrial Type)
Effective Date
15-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM C1696-20 - Standard Guide for Industrial Thermal Insulation Systems
Effective Date
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ASTM C547-22a - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Pipe Insulation
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ASTM C1104/C1104M-13 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Water Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber InsulationASTM C1104/C1104M-13 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Water Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber Insulation
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1104/C1104M − 13
StandardTest Method for
Determining the Water Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral
1
Fiber Insulation
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC1104/C1104M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal
Insulation Lots
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
of water vapor sorbed by mineral fiber insulation exposed to a
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
high-humidity atmosphere. This test method is applicable only
to fibrous base material and binder.The results obtained by this
3. Terminology
test method cannot be used in describing faced products, since
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the facing is not tested by using this test method.
3.1.1 The term sorption has been adopted for this test
1.2 The water vapor sorption characteristics of materials
method,sincemineralfiberinsulationmay absorbwaterwithin
may be affected by conditions such as elevated temperatures or
its bulk when viewed macroscopically, while it adsorbs water
chemical exposures. Values obtained as a result of this test
onto individual fibers on a microscopic scale.
method may not adequately describe the water vapor sorption
(1) sorption—refers to the taking up and holding of matter
characteristics of materials subjected to these conditions.
by other matter by various processes such as absorption and
adsorption.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
(2) absorption—referstothetakingupofmatterin-bulkby
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
other matter; for example, the penetration of substances into
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
the bulk of another solid or liquid.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
(3) adsorption—refers to surface retention or adhesion of
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
anextremelythinlayerofmoleculestothesurfacesofsolidsor
with the standard.
liquids with which they are in contact.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 The insulation is dried to a constant weight and exposed
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
to a high-humidity atmosphere for 96 h. The amount of water
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sorbed from the vapor phase is the difference in specimen
weights, and is expressed in either weight or volume percent.
2. Referenced Documents
2
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket or
5.1 The sorption of water can result in an increase in weight
Batt Thermal Insulations
and a resultant potential degradation of the properties of the
C302 Test Method for Density and Dimensions of Pre-
insulation.
formed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal Insulation
6. Apparatus
C303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-
formed Block and Board–Type Thermal Insulation
6.1 Air-circulating oven, capable of maintaining a tempera-
ture between 102° and 121°C [215° and 250°F].
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee C16 on Thermal 6.2 Desiccator, with calcium chloride as a desiccant.
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33Insulation
6.3 Scale, accurate to 60.1 % of specimen weight.
Finishes and Moisture.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2013. Published January 2013. Originally
6.4 Environmental test chamber, capable of maintaining a
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C1104/
temperature of 49 6 2°C [120 6 3°F] and a relative humidity
C1104M – 00(2006). DOI: 10.1520/C1104_C1104M-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or of 95 63%.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.5 Steel rule, graduated in 1 mm or 0.05 in. intervals with
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. depth gauge as described in Test Methods C167.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1104/C1104M − 13
6.6 Sealable polyethylene sample bags of a size large 8.3 Bring the specimens to a uniform temperature in an
enough to accommodate the test specimens (for blanket, board, ove
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1104/C1104M − 00 (Reapproved 2006) C1104/C1104M − 13
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Water Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral
1
Fiber Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1104/C1104M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of water vapor sorbed by mineral fiber insulation exposed to a
high-humidity atmosphere. This test method is applicable only to fibrous base material and binder. The results obtained by this test
method cannot be used in describing faced products, since the facing is not tested by using this test method.
1.2 The water vapor sorption characteristics of materials may be affected by conditions such as elevated temperatures or
chemical exposures. Values obtained as a result of this test method may not adequately describe the water vapor sorption
characteristics of materials subjected to these conditions.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket or Batt Thermal Insulations
C302 Test Method for Density and Dimensions of Preformed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal Insulation
C303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Preformed Block and Board–Type Thermal Insulation
C390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal Insulation Lots
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 The term sorption has been adopted for this test method, since mineral fiber insulation may absorb water within its bulk
when viewed macroscopically, while it adsorbs water onto individual fibers on a microscopic scale.
(1) sorption—refers to the taking up and holding of matter by other matter by various processes such as absorption and
adsorption.
(2) absorption—refers to the taking up of matter in-bulk by other matter; for example, the penetration of substances into the
bulk of another solid or liquid.
(3) adsorption—refers to surface retention or adhesion of an extremely thin layer of molecules to the surfaces of solids or
liquids with which they are in contact.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The insulation is dried to a constant weight and exposed to a high-humidity atmosphere for 96 h. The amount of water
sorbed from the vapor phase is the difference in specimen weights, and is expressed in either weight or volume percent.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33Insulation Finishes and
Moisture.
Current edition approved June 1, 2006Jan. 15, 2013. Published August 2006January 2013. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 as
C1104/C1104M – 00.C1104/C1104M – 00(2006). DOI: 10.1520/C1104_C1104M-00R06.10.1520/C1104_C1104M-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1104/C1104M − 13
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The sorption of water can result in an increase in weight and a resultant potential degradation of the properties of the
insulation.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Air-circulating oven, capable of maintaining a temperature between 102° and 121°C [215° and 250°F].
6.2 Desiccator, with calcium chloride as a desiccant.
6.3 Scale, accurate to 60.1 % of specim
...

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1.1 This specification covers the classification and performance of flexible aerogel thermal insulation. This will cover the range of continuous exposure operating temperatures from –321°F (–196°C) up to 1200°F (649°C).  
1.2 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protective vapor retarders or barriers shall be used on below ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture through or around the insulation to the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor retarder or barrier could lead to insulation and system non-performance.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C656-17(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Structural Insulating Board, Calcium Silicate

ABSTRACT
This specification covers structural insulating board for general thermal insulating, fire-resistive, and marine bulkhead applications. The structural insulating boards shall be of the following types and grades: Types I and II and Grades 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; and 8. Calcium silicate structural insulating board shall be composed of hydrated calcium silicate with natural or man-made fibers or fillers, or a combination thereof. The following test methods shall be performed: dimensions and density; flexural strength; compressive strength; screw holding strength; apparent thermal conductivity; combustion characteristics; and maximum use temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural insulating board for general thermal insulating, fire-resistive, and marine bulkhead applications. The rigid, preformed structural insulating board is for use at temperatures up to 1700°F (927°C). For specific applications, the actual temperature limit shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 The structural insulating board maintains its structural integrity after immersion in water.  
1.3 Rapid cycling over a wide temperature range is not recommended because of potential damage due to thermal shock.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 When the installation or use of thermal insulation materials, accessories and systems, may pose safety or health problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user appropriate current information regarding any known problems associated with the recommended use of the company's products, and shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in their safe utilization. The user shall establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1374-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Installed Thickness of Pneumatically Applied Loose-Fill Building Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was designed to give the manufacturer of loose-fill insulation products a way of determining what the initial installed thickness should be in a horizontal open attic for pneumatic applications.  
5.2 The installed thickness value developed by this test method is intended to provide guidance to the installer in order to achieve a minimum mass/unit area for a given R-value.  
5.3 For the purpose of product design, testing should be done at a variety of R-values. At least three R-values should be used: the lowest R-value on the product label, the highest R-value on the product label, and an R-value near the midpoint of the R-value range.
Note 1: For quality control purposes, testing may be done at one R-value of R-19 (h×ft 2×°F/Btu) or higher.  
5.4 Specimens are blown in a manner consistent with the intended installation procedure. Blowing machine settings should be representative of those typically used for field application with that machine.  
5.5 The material blown for a given R-value as part of the installed thickness test equals the installed mass/unit area times the test chamber area. This mass can be calculated from information provided on the package label at the R-value prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the installed thickness of pneumatically applied loose-fill building insulations prior to settling by simulating an open attic with horizontal blown applications.  
1.2 This test method is a laboratory procedure for use by manufacturers of loose-fill insulation for product design, label development, and quality control testing. The apparatus used produces installed thickness results at a given mass/unit area.  
1.3 This test method is not the same as the design density procedures described in Test Methods C520 or Specifications C739 or C764.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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