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ASTM D8126-17

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Efficient Basicity Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration

Standard Test Method for Efficient Basicity Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Lubricants can contain basic constituents that are present as additives. The relative amount of these materials can be determined by titration with acids. The base number is a measurement of the amount of basic substances in the oil under the conditions of the testing procedure.  
5.2 A primary objective of a marine cylinder lubricant is the neutralization of sulfuric acid, produced during fuel combustion, to protect the engine from corrosion. The EBas method characterizes the more efficient basic species of the lubricant reacting with acids from the beginning of the neutralization (when the lubricant milieu is basic) until an equilibrium state where the lubricant becomes slightly acidic. The use of hydrochloric acid (HCl) allows differentiating basicities of various strengths during titration.  
5.3 In marine lubricants, the constituents that can be considered to have basic properties are primarily organic and inorganic bases coming from the detergent. Basicity can also be brought to the lubricant by other components including dispersants, amino compounds, or any organic basic components. This test method uses the same titration system as that of Test Method D4739, however the evaluation and interpretation of the titration result is different. The hydrochloric acid is used as the titrant in this test method and Test Method D4739, whereas Test Method D2896 uses a stronger acid, perchloric acid. While all three methods can be considered as complementary to evaluate the basicity of lubricants, this test method is only used for marine cylinder lubricants.  
5.4 This test method measures only the efficient basicity of the lubricant, which represents only the part of the total basicity, until the point of which the lubricant becomes slightly acidic. It will depend on the components of the formulation itself. In that respect, the EBas cannot be compared to base number given by Test Methods D4739 or D2896. The EBas is then complementary information to the base numbe...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the efficient basicity (EBas) in new marine cylinder lubricants that lubricate the upper part, that is, piston-ring-cylinder area, of two-stroke marine engines.  
1.2 This test method has been developed for marine cylinder lubricants, having base number (BN) (measured by Test Method D2896) from 20 mg KOH/g to 100 mg KOH/g, and an EBas from 10 mg KOH/g to 36 mg KOH/g.  
1.3 In this test method, only the efficient basicity is determined, corresponding to the components or part of components that have a major role in neutralization of the acidic species formed in the combustion of the fuel in the marine engine. It differentiates between the fastest reacting species and the last one to react like overbasing compounds in detergent (classically mineral calcium carbonate, CaCO3). The values obtained, however, are intended to be compared with the other values obtained by this test method only; base numbers obtained by this test method are not intended to be equal to values by other test methods.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Sections 6 and 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2017
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.06 - Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D8126-17 - Standard Test Method for Efficient Basicity Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationASTM D8126-17 - Standard Test Method for Efficient Basicity Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
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ASTM D8126-17 - Standard Test Method for Efficient Basicity Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8126 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Efficient Basicity Determination by Potentiometric
1
Hydrochloric Acid Titration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8126; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determina- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion of the efficient basicity (EBas) in new marine cylinder D1193Specification for Reagent Water
lubricants that lubricate the upper part, that is, piston-ring- D2896TestMethodforBaseNumberofPetroleumProducts
cylinder area, of two-stroke marine engines. by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
D4739Test Method for Base Number Determination by
1.2 Thistestmethodhasbeendevelopedformarinecylinder
Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
lubricants, having base number (BN) (measured by Test
D6300Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
MethodD2896)from20mgKOH/gto100mgKOH⁄g,andan
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
EBas from 10mg KOH/g to 36mg KOH/g.
Lubricants
1.3 In this test method, only the efficient basicity is
3. Terminology
determined, corresponding to the components or part of com-
ponents that have a major role in neutralization of the acidic
3.1 Definitions:
species formed in the combustion of the fuel in the marine
3.1.1 base number, n—the quantity of a specified acid,
engine.Itdifferentiatesbetweenthefastestreactingspeciesand
expressed in terms of the equivalent number of milligrams of
the last one to react like overbasing compounds in detergent
potassium hydroxide per gram of sample, required to titrate a
(classically mineral calcium carbonate, CaCO ). The values
3
sample in a specified solvent to a specified endpoint using a
obtained, however, are intended to be compared with the other
specified detection system.
values obtained by this test method only; base numbers
3.1.2 effıcient basicity, EBas, n—the quantity of hydrochlo-
obtained by this test method are not intended to be equal to
ric acid, expressed in terms of the equivalent number of
values by other test methods.
milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample, re-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
quired to neutralize the basic components, which are organic
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
species, of the tested lubricant in a specified solvent to a
standard.
specified buffer endpoint using a specified detection system.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 The sample is dissolved in a mixture of toluene,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol), chloroform, and a small
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
amount of water and titrated potentiometrically with alcoholic
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific
hydrochloric acid solution. The test results of this procedure
hazards statements are given in Sections 6 and 7.
are obtained by titration mode of fixed increment and fixed
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
time additions of the titrant. An endpoint is selected from a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
titrationcurveaccordingtothecriteriagiveninSection12and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
used to calculate the EBas.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Significance and Use
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Lubricants can contain basic constituents that are pres-
ent as additives. The relative amount of these materials can be
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published September 2017. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D8126-17. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8126 − 17
determined by titration with acids. The base number is a 6.3.1 Combination Electrode—Sensingele
...

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5.1 Predicting the viscosity of a blend of components is a common problem. Both the Wright Blending Method and the ASTM Blending Method, described in this practice, may be used to solve this problem.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
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5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
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5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
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5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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