ASTM D3786-01

Standard Test Method for Hydraulic Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics-Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using the hydraulic diaphragm bursting tester. This test method is generally applicable to a wide variety of textile products.
1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch woven and woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable restraints.
1.3 The values stated in S. I. Units are to be regarded as the standard.
Note 1—For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D 3787.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-2001
• ICS: 59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.59 - Fabric Physical Test Methods A

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D3786-06 - Standard Test Method for Hydraulic Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics-Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D5431-08(2019) - Standard Performance Specification for Woven and Knitted Sheeting Products for Institutional and Household Use
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7268-23 - Standard Performance Specification for Seamless Knit Garments Including Intimates and Swimwear
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4116-20 - Standard Performance Specification for Women's and Girls' Knitted and Woven Corset-Girdle-Combination Fabrics
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D5433-12(2019) - Standard Performance Specification for Towel Products for Institutional and Household Use
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7023-06(2018) - Standard Terminology Relating to Home Furnishings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F1138-21 - Standard Specification for Spray Shields for Mechanical Joints
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D3655-22 - Standard Performance Specification for Men's and Women's Sliver Knitted Overcoat and Jacket Fabrics
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7017-20 - Standard Performance Specification for Water-Resistant Rainwear and All-Purpose, Water-Repellent Coat Fabrics
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D5378-12(2019) - Standard Performance Specification for Woven and Knitted Shower Curtains for Institutional and Household Use
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D5446-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4154-22 - Standard Performance Specification for Men's and Boys' Knitted and Woven Beachwear and Sports Shirt Fabrics
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D3787-16(2020) - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6321/D6321M-22 - Standard Practice for the Evaluation of Machine Washable T-Shirts
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4037-02(2019) - Standard Performance Specification for Woven, Knitted, or Flocked Bedspread Fabrics
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3786–01
Standard Test Method for
Hydraulic Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm
Bursting Strength Tester Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3786; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the 3.1 Definitions:
resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using the hydraulic 3.1.1 bursting strength, n—the distending force, which is
diaphragm bursting tester. This test method is generally appli- appliedatrightanglestotheplaneofthefabric,underspecified
cable to a wide variety of textile products. conditions, which will result in the rupture of a textile.
1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch 3.1.2 knitted fabric, n—astructureproducedbyinterlooping
woven and woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable re- one or more ends of yarn or comparable material.
straints. 3.1.3 nonwoven fabric, n—a textile structure produced by
1.3 The values stated in S. I. Units are to be regarded as the bonding or interlocking of fibers, or both, accomplished by
standard. mechanical, chemical, thermal or solvent means and combina-
tions thereof.
NOTE 1—For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The term does not include paper or
ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D 3787.
fabrics that are woven, knitted or tufted.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 woven fabric, n—a structure produced when at least
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
twosetsofstrandsareinterlaced,usuallyatrightanglestoeach
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
other according to a predetermined pattern of interlacing, and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
such that at least one set is parallel to the axis along the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
lengthwise direction of the fabric.
3.1.5 stretch woven fabric, n—a woven fabric which is
2. Referenced Documents
capable of at least 20 % stretch in either warp or filling
2.1 ASTM Standards:
direction, or both, under loads and conditions encountered in
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
use and of almost complete recovery on removal of the load.
D 5034 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Elongation of
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
Textile Fabrics
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
D 3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Knitted
4. Summary of Test Method
Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst
4.1 A is clamped over an expandable diaphragm. The
Test
diaphragm is expanded by fluid pressure to the point of
2.2 Other Standard:
specimen rupture. The difference between the total pressure
TAPPI T 403, OM.91 Bursting Strength of Paper
required to rupture the specimen and the pressure required to
inflate the diaphragm is reported as the bursting strength.
5. Significance and Use
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods.
5.1 This method for the determination of diaphragm burst-
General.
ing strength of knitted, nonwoven and woven fabrics is being
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2001. Published March 2002. Originally
used by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety
published as D 3786–79. Last previous edition D 3786–87.
of end uses.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2 Incaseswheretestresultsobtainedusingtheprocedures
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
in Test Method D 3786 have not been correlated with actual
the ASTM website.
3 performance, Test Method D 3786 is considered satisfactory
Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, 1
Dunwoody Park, Atlanta, GA 30341. for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textile
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3786–01
fabrics for bursting strength since the method has been used be used, the test being carried out with the clamping ring
extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases where removed. The diaphragm should be inspected frequently for
disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the permanent distortion and renewed as necessary.
purchaser and the supplier when usingTest Method D 3786 for 6.1.3 Pressure Gage—A maximum-reading pressure gage
acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the of the Bourdon type of appropriate capacity graduated in
laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier pounds and accurate throughout the entire range of its scale to
should be determined with comparison based on testing speci- withinavalueof1 %ofitsmaximumcapacity.Thecapacityof
mens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type the gage shall be such that the individual readings will be not
being evaluated. less than 25 % nor more than 75 % of the total capacity of the
gage.
NOTE 2—The kind of load transfer and stretch that occur when knitted
6.1.4 Hydraulic Pressure System—A mean of applying
goods and nonwoven fabrics are worn are prevented by clamping them as
controlled increasing hydrostatic pressure to the underside of
described in this method.
the diaphragm until the specimen bursts through a fluid
6. Apparatus and Materials
displaced at the rate of 95 6 5 mL/min. The fluid is displaced
by a piston in the pressure chamber of the apparatus. The
6.1 Hydraulic Diaphram Bursting Tester — A testing ma-
recommended chamber fluid is USP chemically pure 96 %
chine that meets the requirements of 6.1.1-6.1.4. In cases of
glycerin. The hydraulic system, including the gages shall be
dispute, a motor-driven tester shall be used unless the pur-
mounted so as to be free of externally induced vibrations.
chaser and the supplier agree otherwise.
Means shall be provided at the instant of rupture of the
6.1.1 Clamps, for firmly and uniformly securing the test
specimen for stopping any further application of the loading
specimen between two annular, plane, parallel, and preferably
pressure and for holding unchanged the contents of the
stainless steel surfaces, without slippage during the test. Use
pressure chamber until the total bursting pressure and the
sufficient pressure to effect the practicable minimization of
pressurerequiredtoinflatethediaphragmindicatedonthegage
slippage.
have been recorded.
6.1.1.1 The upper and lower clamping surfaces shall have a
circular opening at least 75 mm (3 in.) in diameter and coaxial
NOTE 4—Ethylene glycol may be substituted for the glycerine if
apertures of 31 6 0.75 mm (1.22 6 0.03 in.) in diameter: The
desired.
surfaces of the clamps between which the specimen is placed
6.1.5 Aluminum Foil For Calibration of Tester —Pieces of
shall have concentric grooves spaced not less than 0.8 mm ( ⁄32
pretested aluminum sheet having a known bursting strength in
in.) apart and shall be of a depth not less than 0.015 mm
the range of 70 to 790 kPa (10 to 115 psi) are use for checking
(0.0006 in.) from the edge of the aperture. The surfaces of the
the overall performance of the tester.
clamps shall be metallic and any edge which might cause a
cutting action shall be rounded to a radius of not more than 0.4
7. Sampling
mm ( ⁄64 in.). The lower clamp shall be integral with the
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
chamber in which a screw shall operate to force a liquid
take at random the number of rolls of fabric directed in an
pressure medium at a uniform rate of 95 6 5 mL/min against
applicable material specification or other agreement between
the rubber diaphragm.
thepurchaserandthesupplier.Considerrollsoffabrictobethe
NOTE 3—Since the clamping mechanism and clamping surfaces are
primary sampling units.
subject to considerable wear and distortion, they should be examined
periodically and repaired or replaced when necessary.The effectiveness of
NOTE 5—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
grooving the clamping surfaces in the manner specified has not been
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
determined.
between rolls of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll
of fabric to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s risk,
6.1.2 Diaphragm —A 48 mm (1.875 in) diaphragm of
consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
molded synthetic rubber, 1.80 6 0.05 mm (0.070 6 0.002 in.)
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
in thickness with reinforced center, clamped between the lower
tance testing, take a full width swatch 1 m (1 yd) long from the
clamping plate and the rest of the apparatus so that before the
endofeachrolloffabricinthelotsample,afterfirstdiscarding
diaphragm is stretched by pressure underneath it the center of
a minimum of1m(1yd)of fabric from the very outside of the
its upper surface is below the plane of the clamping surface.
roll. From each roll or piece of circular knit fabric selected
Thepressurerequiredtoraisethefreesurfaceofthediaphragm
from the lot sample, cut a band at least 305 mm (1 ft) wide.
plane shall be 30 6 5 kPa (4.3 6 0.8 psi). This pressure shall
7.3 Test Specimens—Cut ten test specimens from each
be checked at least once a month. To test, a bridge gage may
swatch in the laboratory sample with each specimen being 125
mm (5 in.) square.
The Hydraulic Diaphragm Bursting Testers, hand driven Model LC (Fig. 1A)
and motor driven Models C (Fig. 1B) and (Fig. 1C), and accessories, manufactured
by B. F. Perkins & Son, Inc., have been found satisfactory. The motor driven Model
A (Fig. 1D) has been found to be satisfactory for heavyweight fabrics, but may be Standardizedaluminumsheetsforthispurpose,burstingovertherangefrom51
unsuitable for some lightweight fabrics. Model C and Model A have different to 150 psi (350 to 1035 kPa) may be obtained from the Pulp and Paper Resea
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