ASTM G116-99(2015)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Conducting Wire-on-Bolt Test for Atmospheric Galvanic Corrosion
Standard Practice for Conducting Wire-on-Bolt Test for Atmospheric Galvanic Corrosion
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The small size of the wire compared to the short galvanic interaction distance in atmospheric exposures gives a large cathode-to-anode area ratio which accelerates the galvanic attack. The area between the wire and the threads creates a long, tight crevice, also accelerating the corrosion. For these reasons, this practice, with a typical exposure period of 90 days, is the most rapid atmospheric galvanic corrosion test, particularly compared to Test Method G104. The short duration of this test means that seasonal atmospheric variability can be evaluated. (If average performance over a 1-year period is desired, several staggered exposures are required with this technique.) Reproducibility of this practice is somewhat better than other atmospheric galvanic corrosion tests.
5.2 The major disadvantage of this test is that the anode material must be available in wire form and the cathodic material must be available in the form of a threaded rod. This should be compared to Test Method G104 where plate or sheet material is used exclusively.
5.3 An additional limitation is that the more anodic material of the pair must be known beforehand (from information such as in Guide G82) or assemblies must be made with the material combinations reversed.
5.4 The morphology of the corrosion attack or its effect on mechanical properties of the base materials cannot be assessed by this practice. Test Method G104 is preferable for this purpose.
5.5 This test has been used under the names CLIMAT and ATCORR to determine atmospheric corrosivity by exposing identical specimens made from 1100 aluminum (UNS A91100) wire wrapped around threaded rods of nylon, 1010 mild steel (UNS G10100 or G10080), and CA110 copper (UNS C11000). Atmospheric corrosivity is a function of the material that is corroding, however. The relative corrosivity of atmospheres could be quite different if a different combination of materials is chosen.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of atmospheric galvanic corrosion of any anodic material that can be made into a wire when in contact with a cathodic material that can be made into a threaded rod.
1.2 When certain materials are used for the anode and cathode, this practice has been used to rate the corrosivity of atmospheres.
1.3 The wire-on-bolt test was first described in 1955 (1),2 and has since been used extensively with standard materials to determine corrosivity of atmospheres under the names CLIMAT Test (CLassify Industrial and Marine ATmospheres) (2-5) and ATCORR (ATmospheric CORRosivity) (6-9).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: G116 − 99 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Conducting Wire-on-Bolt Test for Atmospheric Galvanic
1
Corrosion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G116; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope G15Terminology Relating to Corrosion and CorrosionTest-
4
ing (Withdrawn 2010)
1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of atmospheric
G16Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion
galvaniccorrosionofanyanodicmaterialthatcanbemadeinto
Data
a wire when in contact with a cathodic material that can be
G50Practice for Conducting Atmospheric Corrosion Tests
made into a threaded rod.
on Metals
1.2 When certain materials are used for the anode and
G82Guide for Development and Use of a Galvanic Series
cathode, this practice has been used to rate the corrosivity of
for Predicting Galvanic Corrosion Performance
atmospheres.
G84Practice for Measurement of Time-of-Wetness on Sur-
2
faces Exposed to Wetting Conditions as in Atmospheric
1.3 The wire-on-bolt test was first described in 1955 (1),
and has since been used extensively with standard materials to Corrosion Testing
G91Practice for Monitoring Atmospheric SO Deposition
determine corrosivity of atmospheres under the names CLI-
2
MAT Test (CLassify Industrial and Marine ATmospheres) Rate for Atmospheric Corrosivity Evaluation
G92Practice for Characterization ofAtmospheric Test Sites
(2-5) and ATCORR (ATmospheric CORRosivity) (6-9).
G104TestMethodforAssessingGalvanicCorrosionCaused
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4
by the Atmosphere (Withdrawn 1998)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3. Terminology
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
TerminologyG15.Forconventionsrelatedtothismethod,refer
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to Practice G3.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The practice consists of wrapping a wire of the anode
2. Referenced Documents
3 material around the threads of a bolt or threaded rod of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cathode material, exposing the assembly to atmosphere, and
G1Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
determining mass loss of the anode wire after exposure.
sion Test Specimens
Reference specimens of the anode wire on a threaded, non-
G3Practice for Conventions Applicable to Electrochemical
conductive, non-porous rod are used to separate general and
Measurements in Corrosion Testing
crevice corrosion effects from galvanic corrosion effects.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The small size of the wire compared to the short
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
galvanic interaction distance in atmospheric exposures gives a
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.04 on Atmospheric
large cathode-to-anode area ratio which accelerates the gal-
Corrosion.
vanicattack.Theareabetweenthewireandthethreadscreates
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally
approvedin1993.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2010asG116–99(2010).DOI: a long, tight crevice, also accelerating the corrosion. For these
10.1520/G0116-99R15.
reasons, this practice, with a typical exposure period of 90
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
days, is the most rapid atmospheric galvanic corrosion test,
this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G116 − 99 (2015)
particularlycomparedtoTestMethodG104.Theshortduration
of this test means that seasonal atmospheric variability can be
evaluated. (If average performance over a 1-year period is
desired, several staggered exposures are required with this
technique.) Reproducibility of this practice is somewhat better
than other atmospheric galvanic corrosion tests.
5.2 The major disadvantage of this test is that the anode
material must be available in wir
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: G116 − 99 (Reapproved 2010) G116 − 99 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Conducting Wire-on-Bolt Test for Atmospheric Galvanic
1
Corrosion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G116; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of atmospheric galvanic corrosion of any anodic material that can be made into a wire
when in contact with a cathodic material that can be made into a threaded rod.
1.2 When certain materials are used for the anode and cathode, this practice has been used to rate the corrosivity of atmospheres.
2
1.3 The wire-on-bolt test was first described in 1955 (1), and has since been used extensively with standard materials to
determine corrosivity of atmospheres under the names CLIMAT Test (CLassify Industrial and Marine ATmospheres) (2-5) and
ATCORR (ATmospheric CORRosivity) (6-9).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens
G3 Practice for Conventions Applicable to Electrochemical Measurements in Corrosion Testing
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.04 on Atmospheric
Corrosion.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2015. Published May 2010December 2015. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as
G116–99 (2004).(2010). DOI: 10.1520/G0116-99R10.10.1520/G0116-99R15.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G116 − 99 (2015)
4
G15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing (Withdrawn 2010)
G16 Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion Data
G50 Practice for Conducting Atmospheric Corrosion Tests on Metals
G82 Guide for Development and Use of a Galvanic Series for Predicting Galvanic Corrosion Performance
G84 Practice for Measurement of Time-of-Wetness on Surfaces Exposed to Wetting Conditions as in Atmospheric Corrosion
Testing
G91 Practice for Monitoring Atmospheric SO Deposition Rate for Atmospheric Corrosivity Evaluation
2
G92 Practice for Characterization of Atmospheric Test Sites
4
G104 Test Method for Assessing Galvanic Corrosion Caused by the Atmosphere (Withdrawn 1998)
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology G15. For conventions related to this method, refer to
Practice G3.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The practice consists of wrapping a wire of the anode material around the threads of a bolt or threaded rod of the cathode
material, exposing the assembly to atmosphere, and determining mass loss of the anode wire after exposure. Reference specimens
of the anode wire on a threaded, non-conductive, non-porous rod are used to separate general and crevice corrosion effects from
galvanic corrosion effects.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The small size of the wire compared to the short galvanic interaction distance in atmospheric exposures gives a large
cathode-to-anode area ratio which accelerates the galvanic attack. The area between the wire and the threads creates a long, tight
crevice, also accelerating the corrosion. For these reasons, this practice, with a typical exposure period of 90 days, is the most rapid
atmospheric galvanic corrosion test, particularly compared to Test Method G104. The short duration of this test means that seasonal
atmospheric variability can b
...
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