Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and petroleum products.
Determination of the density or relative density of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 15°C.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density, relative density, and API Gravity of petroleum distillates and viscous oils that can be handled in a normal fashion as liquids at the temperature of test, utilizing either manual or automated sample injection equipment. Its application is restricted to liquids with total vapor pressures (see Test Method D5191) typically below 100 kPa and viscosities (see Test Method D445 or D7042) typically below about 15 000 mm2/s at the temperature of test. The total vapor pressure limitation however can be extended to >100 kPa provided that it is first ascertained that no bubbles form in the U-shaped, oscillating tube, which can affect the density determination. Some examples of products that may be tested by this procedure include: gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends, diesel, jet, basestocks, waxes, and lubricating oils.
1.1.1 Waxes were not included in the 1999 interlaboratory study (ILS) sample set that was used to determine the current precision statements of the method, since all samples evaluated at the time were analyzed at a test temperature of 15ºC. Wax samples require a temperature cell operated at elevated temperatures necessary to ensure a liquid test specimen is introduced for analysis. Consult instrument manufacturer instructions for appropriate guidance and precautions when attempting to analyze wax sample types. Refer to the Precision and Bias section of the method and Note 6 for more detailed information about the 1999 ILS that was conducted.
1.2 In cases of dispute, the referee method is the one where samples are introduced manually as in 6.3 or 6.4, as appropriate for sample type.
1.3 This test method should not be applied to samples so dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell cannot be established with certainty. For the determination of density in crude oil samples use Test Method D5002.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard, unless stated otherwise, such as the “torr” units of pressure in Eq 1. The accepted units of measure for density are grams per millilitre (g/mL) or kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m3).
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.4, 7.5, and 10.3.

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4052–09
Standard Test Method for
Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by
1
Digital Density Meter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4052; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.4 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the
standard, unless stated otherwise, such as the “torr” units of
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthedensity,
pressure in Eq 1. The accepted units of measure for density are
relative density, and API Gravity of petroleum distillates and
grams per millilitre (g/mL) or kilograms per cubic metre
viscous oils that can be handled in a normal fashion as liquids
3
(kg/m ).
at the temperature of test, utilizing either manual or automated
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sample injection equipment. Its application is restricted to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
liquids with total vapor pressures (see Test Method D5191)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
typicallybelow100kPaandviscosities(seeTestMethodD445
2
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
or D7042) typically below about 15 000 mm /s at the tempera-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
ture of test. The total vapor pressure limitation however can be
statements, see 7.4, 7.5, and 10.3.
extendedto>100kPaprovidedthatitisfirstascertainedthatno
bubbles form in the U-shaped, oscillating tube, which can
2. Referenced Documents
affect the density determination. Some examples of products
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
that may be tested by this procedure include: gasoline and
D287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
gasoline-oxygenate blends, diesel, jet, basestocks, waxes, and
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
lubricating oils.
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
1.1.1 Waxes were not included in the 1999 interlaboratory
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
study (ILS) sample set that was used to determine the current
ity)
precision statements of the method, since all samples evaluated
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
at the time were analyzed at a test temperature of 15ºC. Wax
D1250 GuideforUseofthePetroleumMeasurementTables
samples require a temperature cell operated at elevated tem-
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
peratures necessary to ensure a liquid test specimen is intro-
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
duced for analysis. Consult instrument manufacturer instruc-
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
tions for appropriate guidance and precautions when
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
attempting to analyze wax sample types. Refer to the Precision
Petroleum Products
and Bias section of the method and Note 6 for more detailed
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
information about the 1999 ILS that was conducted.
Petroleum Products
1.2 In cases of dispute, the referee method is the one where
D4377 Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentio-
samples are introduced manually as in 6.3 or 6.4, as appropri-
metric Karl Fischer Titration
ate for sample type.
D5002 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
1.3 This test method should not be applied to samples so
Crude Oils by Digital Density Analyzer
dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell
D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
cannot be established with certainty. For the determination of
ucts (Mini Method)
density in crude oil samples use Test Method D5002.
D7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of
Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of
Kinematic Viscosity)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.
2
This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1984.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originally
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
´1
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4052–96(2002) .
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D4052-09.
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of th
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D4052–96 (Reapproved 2002)
Designation: 365/84(86) Designation:D4052–09
Standard Test Method for
Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density
MeterDensity, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids
1
by Digital Density Meter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4052; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This method was adopted as a jointASTM-IP
standard in 1984.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Warning notes were placed in the text editorially in May 2002.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of petroleum distillates and viscous oils that can
be handled in a normal fashion as liquids at test temperatures between 15 and 35°C. Its application is restricted to liquids with
*
vapor pressures below 600 mm Hg (80 kPa) and viscosities below about 15000 cSt (mm
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density, relative density, and API Gravity of petroleum distillates and
viscous oils that can be handled in a normal fashion as liquids at the temperature of test, utilizing either manual or automated
sample injection equipment. Its application is restricted to liquids with total vapor pressures (see Test Method D5191) typically
2
below 100 kPa and viscosities (see Test Method D445 or D7042) typically below about 15 000 mm /s) at the temperature of test.
1.2This test method should not be applied to samples so dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell cannot
be established with certainty. For the determination of density in crude oil samples use Test Method D5002/s at the temperature
of test.The total vapor pressure limitation however can be extended to >100 kPa provided that it is first ascertained that no bubbles
form in the U-shaped, oscillating tube, which can affect the density determination. Some examples of products that may be tested
by this procedure include: gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends, diesel, jet, basestocks, waxes, and lubricating oils.
1.1.1 Waxes were not included in the 1999 interlaboratory study (ILS) sample set that was used to determine the current
precision statements of the method, since all samples evaluated at the time were analyzed at a test temperature of 15ºC. Wax
samples require a temperature cell operated at elevated temperatures necessary to ensure a liquid test specimen is introduced for
analysis. Consult instrument manufacturer instructions for appropriate guidance and precautions when attempting to analyze wax
sample types. Refer to the Precision and Bias section of the method and Note 6 for more detailed information about the 1999 ILS
that was conducted.
1.2 In cases of dispute, the referee method is the one where samples are introduced manually as in 6.3 or 6.4, as appropriate
for sample type.
1.3 This test method should not be applied to samples so dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell cannot
be established with certainty. For the determination of density in crude oil samples use Test Method D5002.
1.3The accepted units of measure for density are grams per millilitre or kilograms per cubic metre.
1.4
1.4 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard, unless stated otherwise, such as the “torr” units of pressure in
3
Eq 1. The accepted units of measure for density are grams per millilitre (g/mL) or kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m ).
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.4, 7.5, and 9.110.3.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0D
on Physical and Chemical Methods.
Current edition approved Apr. 10, 1996. Published June 1996. Originally published as D4052–81. Last previous edition D4052–95. DOI: 10.1520/D4052-96R02E01.
This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1984.
´1
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Original
...

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