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ASTM B891-98e1

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins

Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers seamless and welded titanium and titianium alloy tubing on which the external or internal surface, or both, has been modified by a cold forming process to produce an integral enhanced surface for improved heat transfer. The tubes are used in surface condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers and similar heat transfer apparatus in unfinned end diameters up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm).
1.2 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only, Section 9 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
25-Mar-1999
ICS
27.060.30 - Boilers and heat exchangers
Technical Committee
B10 - Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys
Drafting Committee
B10.01 - Titanium
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM B891-98(2004) - Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins
Effective Date
01-May-2004

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ASTM B891-98e1 - Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral FinsASTM B891-98e1 - Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins
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ASTM B891-98e1 - Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: B 891 – 98
Standard Specification for
Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy
Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout this standard in March 1999.
1. Scope 3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue
2 3.1.2 Welded or Seamless
1.1 This specification covers seamless and welded titanium
3.1.3 Grade number
and titanium alloy tubing on which the external or internal
3.1.4 Dimensions; diameter, wall thickness (ave. or min.
surface, or both, has been modified by a cold forming process
specified), length and location of unenhanced surfaces and the
to produce an integral enhanced surface for improved heat
total tube length. Configuration of enhanced surfaces (fins per
transfer.The tubes are used in surface condensers, evaporators,
unit length, fin height, wall thickness under fin, etc.) shall be as
heat exchangers and similar heat transfer apparatus in unfinned
agreeduponbetweenthemanufacturerandpurchaser.(Referto
end diameters up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm).
Figs. 1 and 2)
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.5 Quantity
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
3.1.6 Packaging
information only.
3.1.7 Nondestructive tests
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains to the
3.1.8 Mill test report
test method portion only: Section 9 of this specification: This
3.1.9 Certification
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
4. General Requirements
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
4.1 Tubes described by this specification shall be furnished
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
with unenhanced ends.
tions prior to use.
4.2 Enhanced sections of the tube are normally supplied in
2. Referenced Documents the “as-finned” condition (cold worked condition produced by
the enhancing operation). The unenhanced sections of the tube
2.1 ASTM Standards:
shall be in the annealed condition and shall be suitable for
B 338 Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and
rolling-in operations.
Titanium Alloy Tubes for Condensers and Heat Exchang-
ers
5. Materials and Manufacture
E 426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami-
5.1 The integrally enhanced (finned) tubes shall be manu-
nation of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austen-
4 factured from seamless, welded, or welded/cold worked
itic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys
4 (WCW) plain tubes that conform to all requirements as
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Testing
specified in Specification B 338.
3. Ordering Information 5.2 Enhanced areas shall be produced by cold forming.
3.1 Purchase orders for tubes described in this specification
6. Condition
should include the following, to describe the tubes adequately.
6.1 The tube after enhancing shall normally be supplied in
the “as-finned” condition.When specified by the purchaser, for
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-10 on coiling or other fabricating operations, the tube may be
Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloysand is the direct responsibility of
annealed after enhancing.
Subcommittee B10.01 on Titanium.
Current edition approved October 10, 1998. Published January 1999.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-
cation SB-_____ in Section II of that Code.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.04.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 891
should they not cause output signals beyond acceptable limits
when retested. Tubes causing irrelevant signals because of
visible and identifiable handling marks shall be considered to
conform, provided the wall thickness in the enhanced and
unenhanced areas is not less than the minimum specified.
9.1.1.5 Tubes causing relevant signals because of injurious
defects that reduce the wall thickness below the minimum
specified shall be rejected. If, after retest and examination, no
source for the reject signal can be discerned, the tube shall be
FIG. 1 Outside Enhancement Only
rejected.
9.1.2 Pneumatic Test—Each tube so tested shall withstand a
7. Chemical Composition minimum internal air pressure of 250 psi (1.72 MPa) for a
minimum of 5 s without showing evidence of leakage. The test
7.1 The grade titanium or titanium alloy specified shall
method used shall permit easy detection of any leakage by
conform to the chemical requirements prescribed in Specifica-
placing the tube underwater or by using the pressure differen-
tion B 338.
tial method. Any evidence of leakage shall be cause for
rejection of that tube.
8. Tensile Requirements
9.1.3 Hydrostatic Test—Each tube so tested shall withstand,
8.1 The tube prior to the finning operation, or unenhanced
without showing bulges, leaks or other defects, an internal
portions of the finned tube, shall conform to the grade
hydrostatic pressure that will produce in the tube wall a stress
requirements for tensile properties prescribed in Specification
of 50 % of the minimum specified yield strength at room
B 338
temperature.Thispressureshallbedeterminedbytheequation:
9. Nondestructive Tests
P 5 SEW /~d /2 2 0.4W ! (1)
f r f
9.1 After enhancing operations, subject each tube to a
where:
nondestructive electromagnetic test, and either a pneumatic or
P 5 minimum hydrostatic test pressure, psi (or MPa),
hydrostatic test as specified in the purchase order. Tubes shall
S 5 one half the minimum yield strength, psi (or MPa),
normally be tested in the as-fabricated condition but, at the
W 5 wall under fin thickness, in. (or mm),
f
option of the manufacturer or purchaser, may be tested in the
d 5 fin root diameter, in. (or mm),
r
annealed condition.
E 5 0.85 welded tube, and
9.1.1 Eddy Current Test—Eddy current inspect the tube in
E 5 1.0 seamless and welded/cold worked tube.
accordance with Practice E 426 by passing it through an
9.1.3.1 The maximum hydrostatic test pressure shall not
encircling coil designed to test the entire cross section of the
exceed 2500 psi (17.2 MPa) for sizes 1 in. (25.4 mm) and
tube.
under. Hydrostatic pressure shall be maintained for not less
9.1.1.1 The reference standard used to adjust the sensitivity
than 5 s. When requested by the purchaser and so stated in the
setting of the apparatus shall be sound and of the same nominal
order, tubes shall be tested to one and one half times the
alloy, enhanced configuration, condition and nominal dimen-
specified working pressure, provided the fiber stress corre-
sions as the lot of tubes to be tested on a production basis. Drill
sponding to those test pressures does not exceed one half the
four holes not larger than 0.031 in. (0.787 mm) in diameter
minimum specified yield strength of the material as determined
radially through the enhanced wall in each of four successive
bytheequationgivenin9.1.3.Whenoneandonehalftimesthe
planes at 0, 90, 180 and 270°. Use a suitable drill jig to guide
working pressure exceeds 2500 psi (17.2 MPa), the hydrostatic
the drill, taking care to avoid distortion of the adjacent fins.
test pressure shall be a matter of agreement between the
Locate one hole in the weld for welded material. Space
manufacturer and purchaser.
artificial discontinuities at least 16 in. (406 mm) apart to
provide signal resolution adequate for interpretation. Discard
10. Permissible Variations in Dimensions
the reference standard and replace when erroneous signals are
10.1 Diameter—The outside diameter of the unenhanced
produced from mechanical, metallurgical or other damage to
sections shall not vary by more than the amount in Table 1, as
the tube.
measured by “go” and “no go” ring gages. The diameter over
9.1.1.2 A
...

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ASTM B891/B891M-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes with Enhanced Surface for Improved Heat Transfer

ABSTRACT
This specification covers seamless and welded titanium and titanium alloy tubing on which the external or internal surface, or both, has been modified by a cold forming process to produce an integral enhanced surface for improved heat transfer. The tubes are used in surface condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers and similar heat transfer apparatus in unfinned end diameters of a specific size. Tubes shall be furnished with unenhanced ends in the annealed condition and shall be suitable for rolling-in operations. Each tube shall be subject to a nondestructive eddy current test, and either a pneumatic or hydrostatic test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers seamless and welded titanium and titanium alloy tubing on which at least part of the external or internal surface has been enhanced by cold forming for improved heat transfer. The tubes are used in surface condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers, coils, and similar heat transfer apparatus in diameters up to and including 1 in. [25.4 mm]. The base tube wall thickness is typically at least 0.049 in. [1.245 mm] average, but lighter gauge may be negotiated with the manufacturer.  
1.2 Tubing purchased to this specification will typically be inserted through close-fitting holes in tubesheets, baffles, or support plates spaced along the tube length such as defined in the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturer’s Association (TEMA) Standard.2 The tube ends will also be expanded, and may then be welded. Tube may also be bent to form U-tubes or be coiled or otherwise formed, although tight radii may require unenhanced length for the bends.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the order. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.  
1.4 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only: Section 8, 9, 10 and S1 of this specification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM E2906/E2906M-18(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Acoustic Pulse Reflectometry Examination of Tube Bundles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 APR technology is used for detection, location and identification of internal diameter (ID) flaws-indications and blockages in tube bundles.  
5.2 Reliable and accurate examination of tube bundles is of great importance in different industries. On-time detection of flaws reduces a risk of catastrophic failure and minimizes unplanned shutdowns of plant equipment. Fast examination capability is of great importance due to reduction of maintenance time.  
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5.4 Performing an APR examination requires access to an open end of each tube to be examined.  
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1.1 This practice describes use of Acoustic Pulse Reflectometry (APR) technology for examination of the internal surface of typical tube bundles found in heat exchangers, boilers, tubular air heaters and reactors, during shutdown periods.  
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ASTM D6743-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Organic Heat Transfer Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Heat transfer fluids degrade when exposed to sufficiently high temperatures. The amount of degradation increases as the temperature increases or the length of exposure increases, or both. Due to reactions and rearrangement, degradation products can be formed. Degradation products include high and low boiling components, gaseous decomposition products, and products that cannot be evaporated. The type and content of degradation products produced will change the performance characteristics of a heat transfer fluid. In order to evaluate thermal stability, it is necessary to quantitatively determine the mass percentages of high and low boiling components, as well as gaseous decomposition products and those that cannot be vaporized, in the thermally stressed heat transfer fluid.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Eddy current testing is a nondestructive method that can be used to locate discontinuities in tubing made of materials that conduct electricity. Signals can be produced by discontinuities located either on the inner or outer surfaces of the tube, or by discontinuities totally contained within the tube wall. When using an internal probe, the density of eddy currents in the tube wall decreases very rapidly as the distance from the internal surface increases; thus the amplitude of the response to outer surface discontinuities decreases correspondingly.  
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1.1 This practice describes procedures to be followed during eddy current examination (using an internal, probe-type, coil assembly) of nonmagnetic tubing that has been installed in a heat exchanger. The procedure recognizes both the unique problems of implementing an eddy current examination of installed tubing, and the indigenous forms of tube-wall deterioration which may occur during this type of service. The document primarily addresses scheduled maintenance inspection of heat exchangers, but can also be used by manufacturers of heat exchangers, either to examine the condition of the tubes after installation, or to establish baseline data for evaluating subsequent performance of the product after exposure to various environmental conditions. The ultimate purpose is the detection and evaluation of particular types of tube integrity degradation which could result in in-service tube failures.  
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Standard Specification for Welded Copper and Copper-Alloy Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes with Integral Fins

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for forge-welded copper and copper alloy with integral fins for use in surface condenser, evaporator, and heat exchanger. The product shall be welded tube of one of the following Copper or Copper Alloy UNS Nos.: C12000, C12200, C19200, C23000, C44300, C44400, C44500, C68700, C70400, C70600, C70620, C71000, C71500, C71520, and C72200. The material heat identification or traceability shall be specified if required. The product shall be manufactured by cold forming to produce an integral enhanced surface for improved heat transfer and shall typically be furnished with unenhanced ends, but may be furnished with enhanced ends or stripped ends. Temper conditions (annealed, WO61 or light cold-worked, WC55) for the tubes and the enhanced and unenhanced sections of the tubes are given. The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed for copper, tin, aluminum, nickel, cobalt, lead, iron, zinc, manganese, arsenic, antimony, phosphorus, chromium, and other elements such as carbon, sulfur, silicon, and titanium as determined by chemical analysis. Requirements for grain size, dimensions, mass, and mechanical properties including tensile strength and yield strength as determined by tension test are detailed. The performance requirements including expansion, flattening, and reverse bend tests; mercurous nitrate test or ammonia vapor test; and nondestructive tests such as eddy-current, hydrostatic, and pneumatic tests are detailed as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for heat exchanger tubes manufactured from forge-welded copper and copper alloy tubing in straight lengths on which the external or internal surface, or both, has been modified by cold forming process to produce an integral enhanced surface for improved heat transfer.  
1.2 The tubes are typically used in surface condensers, evaporators, and heat exchangers.  
1.3 The product shall be produced of the following coppers or copper alloys, as specified in the ordering information.    
Copper or Copper Alloy
UNS No.  
Type of Metal  
C12000A  
DLP Phosphorized, low residual phosphorus  
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DHP Phosphorized, high residual phosphorus  
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Phosphorized, 1 % iron  
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Copper-Iron Alloy  
C23000  
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Admiralty, phosphorized  
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Aluminum Brass  
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95-5 Copper-Nickel  
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90-10 Copper-Nickel  
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80-20 Copper-Nickel  
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C71520  
70-30 Copper-Nickel (Modified for Welding)  
C72200  
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Note 1: Designations listed in Classification B224.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM B891/B891M-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes with Enhanced Surface for Improved Heat Transfer

ABSTRACT
This specification covers seamless and welded titanium and titanium alloy tubing on which the external or internal surface, or both, has been modified by a cold forming process to produce an integral enhanced surface for improved heat transfer. The tubes are used in surface condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers and similar heat transfer apparatus in unfinned end diameters of a specific size. Tubes shall be furnished with unenhanced ends in the annealed condition and shall be suitable for rolling-in operations. Each tube shall be subject to a nondestructive eddy current test, and either a pneumatic or hydrostatic test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers seamless and welded titanium and titanium alloy tubing on which at least part of the external or internal surface has been enhanced by cold forming for improved heat transfer. The tubes are used in surface condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers, coils, and similar heat transfer apparatus in diameters up to and including 1 in. [25.4 mm]. The base tube wall thickness is typically at least 0.049 in. [1.245 mm] average, but lighter gauge may be negotiated with the manufacturer.  
1.2 Tubing purchased to this specification will typically be inserted through close-fitting holes in tubesheets, baffles, or support plates spaced along the tube length such as defined in the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturer’s Association (TEMA) Standard.2 The tube ends will also be expanded, and may then be welded. Tube may also be bent to form U-tubes or be coiled or otherwise formed, although tight radii may require unenhanced length for the bends.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the order. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.  
1.4 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only: Section 8, 9, 10 and S1 of this specification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D807-18(Practice)
Standard Practice for Assessing the Tendency of Industrial Boiler Waters to Cause Embrittlement (USBM Embrittlement Detector Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Embrittlement is a form of intercrystalline cracking that is associated with the exposure of boiler steel to a combination of physical and chemical factors. For embrittlement of boiler metal to occur, the metal must be under stress, it must be at the site of a leak, and it must be exposed to the concentrated boiler water. In addition, the boiler water must be embrittling in nature. The precise chemical causes of the embrittling nature of some waters are not well understood. Experience has shown that certain waters exhibit an embrittling characteristic while others do not.  
5.2 Because embrittlement is a form of cracking, it is nearly impossible to detect in an operating boiler until a failure has occurred. In general, cracking failures tend to be sudden, and often with serious consequences. This practice offers a way to determine whether a particular water is embrittling or not. It also makes it possible to determine if specific treatment actions have rendered the water nonembrittling.  
5.3 The embrittlement detector was designed to reproduce closely the conditions existing in an actual boiler seam. It is considered probable that the individual conditions of leakage, concentration, and stress in the boiler seam can equal those in the detector. The essential difference between the detector and the boiler is that the former is so constructed and operated that these three major factors act simultaneously, continuously, and under the most favorable circumstances to produce cracking; whereas, in the boiler the three factors are brought together only under unique circumstances. Furthermore, in the detector any cracking is produced in a small test surface that can be inspected thoroughly, while the susceptible areas in a boiler are large and can be inspected only with difficulty. In these respects the embrittlement detector provides an accelerated test of the fourth condition necessary for embrittlement, the embrittling nature of the boiler water.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice,3 known as the embrittlement-detector method, covers the apparatus and procedure for determining the embrittling or nonembrittling characteristics of the water in an operating boiler. The interpretation of the results shall be restricted to the limits set forth in 8.6.  
Note 1: Cracks in a specimen after being subjected to this test indicate that the boiler water can cause embrittlement cracking, but not that the boiler in question necessarily has cracked or will crack.  
1.2 The effectiveness of treatment to prevent cracking, as well as an indication of whether an unsafe condition exists, are shown by this practice. Such treatments are evaluated in terms of method specimen resistance to failure.  
1.3 The practice may be applied to embrittlement resistance testing of steels other than boiler plate, provided that a duplicate, unexposed specimen does not crack when bent 90° on a 2-in. (51-mm) radius.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1894-24(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selecting Dosimetry Systems for Application in Pulsed X-Ray Sources

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Flash X-ray facilities provide intense bremsstrahlung radiation environments, usually in a single sub-microsecond pulse, which often fluctuates in amplitude, shape, and spectrum from shot to shot. Therefore, appropriate dosimetry must be fielded on every exposure to characterize the environment, see ICRU Report 34. These intense bremsstrahlung sources have a variety of applications which include the following:
(1) Studies of the effects of X-rays and gamma rays on materials.
(2) Studies of the effects of radiation on electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, and capacitors.
(3) Computer code validation studies.  
4.2 This guide is written to assist the experimenter in selecting the needed dosimetry systems for use at pulsed X-ray facilities. This guide also provides a brief summary on how to use each of the dosimetry systems. Other guides (see Section 2) provide more detailed information on selected dosimetry systems in radiation environments and should be consulted after an initial decision is made on the appropriate dosimetry system to use. There are many key parameters which describe a flash X-ray source, such as dose, dose rate, spectrum, pulse width, etc., such that typically no single dosimetry system can measure all the parameters simultaneously. However, it is frequently the case that not all key parameters must be measured in a given experiment.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides assistance in selecting and using dosimetry systems in flash X-ray experiments. Both dose and dose rate techniques are described.  
1.2 Operating characteristics of flash X-ray sources are given, with emphasis on the spectrum of the photon output.  
1.3 Assistance is provided to relate the measured dose to the response of a device under test (DUT). The device is assumed to be a semiconductor electronic part or system.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6152/D6152M-12(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for SEBS-Modified Mopping Asphalt Used in Roofing

ABSTRACT
This specification covers SEBS (styrene-ethylenebutylene-styrene)-modified mopping asphalt intended for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in various types of roofing systems. This specification is intended as a material specification and issues regarding the suitability of specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond its scope. The specified tests and property values are intended to establish minimum properties. In place system design criteria or performance attributes are factors beyond the scope of this specification. The base asphalt shall be prepared from crude petroleum and the SEBS-modified asphalt shall incorporate sufficient SEBS as the primary polymeric modifier. The SEBS modified asphalt shall be homogeneous and free of water and shall conform to the prescribed physical properties including (1) softening point before and after heat exposure, (2) softening point change, (3) flash point, (4) penetration before and after heat exposure, (5) penetration change, (6) solubility in trichloroethylene, (7) tensile elongation, (8) elastic recovery, and (9) low temperature flexibility. The sampling and test methods to determine compliance with the specified physical properties, as well as the evaluation for stability during heat exposure are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene)-modified asphalt intended for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in various types of roof systems.  
1.2 This specification is intended as a material specification. Issues regarding the suitability of specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond its scope.  
1.3 The specified tests and property values used to characterize SEBS-modified asphalt are intended to establish minimum properties. In-place system design criteria or performance attributes are factors beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F319-19(2024)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Polarized Light Detection of Flaws in Aerospace Transparency Heating Elements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful as a screening basis for acceptance or rejection of transparencies during manufacturing so that units with identifiable flaws will not be carried to final inspection for rejection at that time.  
4.2 This practice may also be employed as a go-no go technique for acceptance or rejection of the finished product.  
4.3 This practice is simple, inexpensive, and effective. Flaws identified by this practice, as with other optical methods, are limited to those that produce temperature gradients when electrically powered. Any other type of flaw, such as minor scratches parallel to the direction of electrical flow, are not detectable.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standard procedure for detecting flaws in the conductive coating (heater element) by the observation of polarized light patterns.  
1.2 This practice applies to coatings on surfaces of monolithic transparencies as well as to coatings imbedded in laminated structures.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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